scholarly journals Understanding Ancient Interactions

2011 ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Schortman
Keyword(s):  
World Systems ◽  
Interaction Theory ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The One ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Developmental Significance

Archaic State Interaction casts valuable new light on how extra-societal contacts may be implicated in processes of increasing social complexity. As the title makes clear, the contributors ground their discussions of interaction theory in the specific sequence of events dating to 3100-1000 BCE in that portion of the Mediterranean basin stretching from Italy to the Levantine Coast. Their goals, as stated clearly by Parkinson and Galaty in the introduction, are to consider how local social and economic changes, on the one hand, were related to: variations in the intensity of interactions occurring at differing spatial and temporal scales; changes in how, and by whom, such contacts were conducted; and, shifts in the routes these transactions followed. The result is less a consensus than a healthy, productive debate on these issues. The main points of contention concern: rates of socio-political change; how to translate patterns among static material remains into dynamic political and economic processes; whose interests drove and shaped the course of cross-border contacts; and what interpretive frameworks are best suited to modeling the latter interactions. With respect to the last point, a consistent theme running throughout the papers deals with the utility of world-systems theory (WST) in describing and understanding the developmental significance of inter-polity contacts.

scholarly journals Poland in international migrations: the perspective of world systems theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Cezary Żołędowski
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article presents the special status of Poland, namely as a country that both sends out and takes in large numbers of migrant workers. Drawing on the world systems theory, the role attributed to Poland is that of semi-periphery, which means a specific kind of suspension between the status of an immigration centre, resembling western Europe, and the status of a migration periphery, such as the one constituted by the eastern part of the continent. Poland continues to be viewed as peripheral by its own citizens who decide to emigrate and, at the same time, becomes an immigration sub-centre for migrants coming from less-developed countries. In this article, the distinctive features of the special position of Poland are discussed. The conclusions drawn are supported by empirical evidence, including data on migration flows and interviews both with Poles working abroad and foreigners employed in Poland.

scholarly journals Demanded and Feared: Transnational Convergencies in National Educational Systems and Their (Expectable) Effects

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Adick
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
National Education ◽  
National Education Systems ◽  
Immanuel Wallerstein ◽  
The Impact

The article focuses on the impact of social developments related to ‘globalisation’ on education. In line with the world systems approach as most prominently expounded by Immanuel Wallerstein the author conceptualises globalisation not as a new development, but as the current expression of a long historical process originating in sixteenth century Europe. In order to make use of world systems theory for education, the author makes a strong argument in favour of taking Bourdieu's concepts of cultural capital and the relative autonomy of the educational system into account. On this basis, the author reviews a secondary analysis based on numerous studies of national education systems with respect to the various degrees of convergence, divergence and variation. It is argued with reference to the neo-institutionalist approach of the Stanford group that convergence and standardisation in education are not questions of affirmation or rejection as much as historical processes that by no means imply a deterministic implementation of an economic rationale.

Understanding the Global–Local Nexus in the Context of the Olympic Games: Implications for Managing Community Development Through Sport Megaevents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
NaRi Shin ◽  
Jon Welty Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Host Community ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Diverse Data ◽  
The Olympic Games

In this study, the authors sought to understand the influence of the Olympic Games on a host community’s globalization and development using world-systems theory and theories of globalization (i.e., glocalization and grobalization). The host community for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics (Daegwallyeong-myeon in South Korea) was the focus of this investigation. Using a global ethnographic approach, the authors collected diverse data through interviews, observations, archival and media documents, and field notes. Findings identified five key themes: (a) perception of underdevelopment, (b) the Organizing Committee’s institutional management of the global standard, (c) the Organizing Committee’s role as a negotiator between the global standard and the locality, (d) resident perspectives on global standards and regulations, and (e) aspirations to globalize Daegwallyeong-myeon. Through this study, the authors advance the use of world-systems theory and expand the concept of grobalization in the context of sport megaevent management by discussing global–local configurations and local agents’ desires to transform the community through Olympic-driven development and globalization.

scholarly journals MALARIAL PIGMENT (HEMATIN) AS A FACTOR IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE MALARIAL PAROXYSM

1912 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Conservative Estimate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
The One

The paroxysm of hematin intoxication in the rabbit undoubtedly presents many features of striking similarity to the paroxysm of human malaria; still one must hesitate to apply such results unreservedly in an attempt to identify the causative agent of the malarial paroxysm. When, in addition to the character of the paroxysm, we consider the sequence of events in the two instances, the analogy becomes so close that it seems impossible to regard the matter as a mere coincidence. The injection of hematin, especially in fractional doses, is in a measure comparable to the liberation of hematin into the human circulation by the malarial parasite. In these experiments, See PDF for Structure both solution and finely divided suspensions of hematin have been found equally effective in eliciting the phenomena of the paroxysm, and while it seems possible that a portion of the malarial pigment might be dissolved in the alkaline human serum, such an assumption is probably not essential. It might be objected that the toxic action of foreign hematin thus injected into the circulation would probably be greater than that of hematin derived from an animal's own blood, but as far as I have been able to determine, this objection does not seem valid, as rabbit hematin, dog hematin, and ox hematin produce in the rabbit effects that are alike in both character and degree. The dose of hematin remains as the one factor to which it is possible to attach some degree of uncertainty, but even here the author feels that the range of experimental conditions has been kept within the bounds of legitimate analogy with conditions existing in the human subject of malarial infection. Finally, the most conservative estimate of the value of such experiments points strongly to the fact that we have at least a potentially toxic substance in the pigment hematin as liberated by the malarial parasite into the circulation of the human host. There is also abundant evidence to show that the action of hematin is not confined to the paroxysmal phenomena of malaria, but that other features of the disease may find their explanation in the action of this pigment. For the present, however, it seems advisable to confine the discussion to this one phase of the question.

The Marxist Critique of International Political Theory

2018 ◽  
pp. 651-663
Author(s):  
Andrew Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
International Politics ◽  
World Systems ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
International Political Theory ◽  
The Status ◽  
Leading Schools ◽  
Normative Issues

Marxism’s critique of International Political Theory (IPT) is not of specific themes but of how the latter understands international politics generally. Where IPT typically focuses on ethical and normative issues and problems of justice, Marxism has always given priority to capitalism and class, which it regards as fundamental to modern politics and as inadequately recognized within IPT. Marxism therefore rejects the view of the international as a shared “societal” space open to negotiation and compromise, and instead emphasizes irreconcilable conflict and exploitation. Through its leading schools of Imperialism, World Systems Theory, and Neo-Gramscian theory, Marxism has provided accounts of international politics that strongly contrast with the concerns of IPT. However, a potentially more far-reaching line of critique, drawing upon Marx’s analysis of liberal forms, remains undeveloped because Marxism has not yet clarified the status of the international within its theoretical space.

scholarly journals Setting Boundaries to Solidarity: Explaining Danish and Swedish asylum policy divergences, 1989-2001

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Winkens
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Asylum Policy ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Political Perceptions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Welfare State

This thesis seeks to answer the question 'when, how, and why the Danish asylum system become more restrictive than the Swedish one between 1989 and 2001'. In the analysis of these reasons, a particular emphasis is placed on the different political perceptions of both countries’ welfare philosophies on the one hand, and their political culture on the other. The influence of anti-immigration parties on mainstream political culture is an important part of this analysis. Through a distinction between border and integration policy, it becomes clear that the Danish asylum policy becomes more restrictive in the second half of the 1990s, because of its focus on cultural integration as a duty to the welfare state. The thesis concludes with a discussion regarding the impact of (neoliberal) economic changes on solidarity within political culture.

scholarly journals „Es war kein Job, es war eine Berufung“ – Gouvernementale Führung, fragmentierte Subjekte und <i>contre-conduite</i> in der nichtstaatlichen Entwicklungspraxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Kirsten Linnemann
Keyword(s):  
Critical Distance ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Development Professionals ◽  
Western Values ◽  
The One ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Good Cause ◽  
Development Practice

Abstract. With their donation appeals aid organisations procure a polarised worldview of the self and other into our everyday lives and feed on discourses of “development” and “neediness”. This study investigates how the discourse of “development” is embedded in the subjectivities of “development” professionals. By approaching the topic from a governmentality perspective, the paper illustrates how “development” is (re-)produced through internalised Western values and powerful mechanisms of self-conduct. Meanwhile, this form of self-conduct, which is related to a “good cause”, also gives rise to doubts regarding the work, as well as fragmentations and shifts of identity. On the one hand, the paper outlines various coping strategies used by development professionals to maintain a coherent narrative about the self. On the other hand, it also shows how doubts and fragmentations of identity can generate a critical distance to “development” practice, providing a space for resistant and transformative practice in the sense of Foucauldian counter-conduct.

scholarly journals Prion Protein Folding Mechanism Revealed by Pulling Force Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Kriegler ◽  
Sven Lang ◽  
Luigi Notari ◽  
Tara Hessa
Keyword(s):  
Prion Protein ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Complex Protein ◽  
Nascent Chain ◽  
Mature Domain ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
A Minor

AbstractThe mammalian prion protein (PrP) engages with the ribosome-Sec61 translocation channel complex to generate different topological variants that are either physiological, or involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we describe cotranslational folding and translocation mechanisms of PrP coupled to a Xbp1-based arrest peptide (AP) as folding sensor, to measure forces acting on PrP nascent chain. Our data reveal two main pulling events followed by a minor third one exerted on the nascent chains during their translocation.Using those force landscapes, we show that a specific sequence within an intrinsically disordered region, containing a polybasic and glycine-proline rich residues, modulates the second pulling event by interacting with TRAP complex. This work also delineates the sequence of events involved in generation of PrP toxic transmembrane topologies during its synthesis. Our results shed new insight into the folding of such topological complex protein, where marginal pulling by the signal sequence, together with the downstream sequence in the mature domain, primarily drives an overall inefficient translocation resulting in the nascent chain to adopt other topologies.

scholarly journals The financialization of Danish cooperatives and the debasement of a collective housing good

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Hojer Bruun
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Housing Cooperatives ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Public Sharing ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic

The article tells the story of Danish cooperative housing’s radical transformation from a collective housing good and commons to a financialized asset during the 2000s when neoliberal housing reforms were introduced and the mortgage finance market was deregulated. Processes of financialization of collectively owned housing have to be understood not only in relation to the dynamics of the surrounding housing market and political-economic changes but also to the communities and social relations that they presuppose and feed off, often in contradictory ways, as people are motivated by both solidarity and private interests. Housing cooperatives have existed as a form of collective housing throughout the 20th century, balanced, on the one hand, between the reproduction of kin, family and local communities and the common good and, on the other, between the market and the reproduction of the base for both families, local communities and the larger public sharing the housing commons. During the 2000s, processes of financialization brought the market and the cooperatives’ base so close together, primarily through new mortgaging opportunities, that families and communities have lost their savings and the base has been undermined, both in a material and an immaterial sense.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document