Study of the Breath Pattern during Swing between Golf Participation Group

Em mamíferos marinhos, o período em que o animal permanece submerso está relacionado com o comportamento e é limitado por suas características anatômicas e fisiológicas. Este estudo mostra como adultos, juvenis e filhotes da espécie Sotalia fluviatilis divergem em seus padrões respiratórios enquanto realizam comportamentos diferentes em uma área que eles usam preferencialmente para a caça. Nossos resultados mostraram que, de acordo com a literatura, há uma relação entre tamanho corporal e tempo submerso (adultos = 25,4 segundos submersos, juvenis 20,2 segundos e filhotes 13,0 segundos). Durante os descansos os golfinhos permaneceram mais tempo submersos (adultos = 33,6 segundos). Outros comportamentos amostrados foram deslocamentos (adultos = 25,3 segundos, juvenis 23,7 segundos e filhotes 18,9 segundos), perseguições (adultos = 21,3 segundos e juvenis = 22,2 segundos) e brincadeiras (filhotes = 10,2 segundos). The relationship among submerse time, age and some behaviors of the dolphin Sotalia fluviatilis (Gervais, 1953). Abstract In sea mammals, the period that the animal stay submerged is related with the behavior and is limited by their anatomical and physiological characteristics. This study shows how adults, juveniles and nestlings of the species Sotalia fluviatilis diverge in their breath pattern while they accomplish different behaviors in an area that they use mainly for hunting. Our results showed, in according to the literature, a relationship between body size and submersed time (adults = 25.4 seconds submerged, juveniles 20.2 seconds and nestlings 13.0 seconds). During the resting time, the dolphins stayed a longer time submersed (adults = 33.6 seconds). Others behaviors were displacements (adults = 25.3 seconds, juveniles 23.7 seconds and nestlings 18.9 seconds), persecutions (adults = 21.3 seconds and juveniles = 22.2 seconds) and plays (nestlings = 10.2 seconds). Résumé Chez les mammifères marins, il existe un rapport entre leur comportement et le temps pendant lequel lindividu reste immergé, ce qui est limité par leurs caractéristiques anatomiques et physiologiques. La présente étude décrit comment les adultes, jeunes et nourrissons de lespèce Sotalia fluviatilis divergent dans leurs mouvements respiratoires, pendant quils font des comportements différents dans une aire utilisée principalement pour la chasse. Les résultats montrent que, comme prévue dans la littérature, il existe un rapport entre la taille du corps et la période immergée (adults = 25,4 secondes immergés ; jeunes = 20,2 secondes et nourrissons 13,0 secondes). Pendant les périodes de repos, les dauphins restent plus de temps immergés (adultes = 33,6 secondes). Dautres comportements observés ont été déplacements (adultes = 25,3 secondes, jeunes =23,7 secondes et nourrissons = 18,9 secondes), poursuites (adultes = 21,3 secondes et jeunes = 22,2 secondes) et amusements (nourrissons = 10,2 secondes).

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Control of arrhythmic breathing in bimodal breathers: Amphibia

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z88-002 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 6-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Robert G. Boutilier

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Lung Ventilation ◽

Breath Holding ◽

Breath Hold ◽

Breathing Patterns ◽

Gas Exchanges ◽

Air Breathing ◽

Activity State ◽

Breath Pattern

Amphibians employ a system of gas exchange whereby various combinations of the lungs, gills, and skin are used to exploit gas exchanges in both air and water (bimodal breathing). Continuous lung ventilation is rarely observed in these animals. Instead, the dominant breath pattern is arrhythmic in nature and is believed to have evolved in response to a periodic need to supplement aquatic gas exchange. Such a need is largely dependent on the activity state of the animal concerned and its capacity for aquatic gas exchange. The overall control system appears to be one that turns lung ventilation on and off by trigger signals arising from chemo- and mechano-sensitive receptors responding to changing conditions during periods of breath holding and breathing. In amphibians in which the aquatic exchanger is a major avenue for CO2 elimination, [Formula: see text] levels in the lungs and blood do not change substantially in the latter stages of a breath hold. Under these conditions falling levels of oxygen may be the primary stimulus to terminate the breath hold and initiate breathing. There is, however, some interaction between the two gases since elevated CO2 levels affect the sensitivity of the predominantly O2-mediated response. Another major component in determining air-breathing patterns in these animals is their ability to delay the onset of breathing when certain behavioural activities take precedence over the need for additional gas exchange.

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Gangguan Pola Nafas Tidak Efektif Pada Pasien Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

(JKG) JURNAL KEPERAWATAN GLOBAL ◽

10.37341/jkg.v3i2.57 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Wilantika Ida Wardani ◽

Yuyun Setyorini ◽

Akhmad Rifai

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Control Group ◽

Entire Body ◽

Nursing Diagnosis ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Scientific Papers ◽

Real Picture ◽

Breath Pattern

Abstract Background: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is the heart failure in pumping blood so that the blood supply containing oxygen and nutrients to the entire body tissues is inhibited and causes shortness of breath. Problems that arise that the breath pattern is not effective and can be arranged intervention one of them assess the frequency of breath depth. Acquire a real picture and experience in patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Methods: The type of research used in the preparation of scientific papers is the type of descriptive research and case study design with the approach of nursing care. The number of patients who became the study respondents amounted to two people. Result: Based on observation result, it is concluded that with the same nursing diagnosis and done the same implementation there is difference of result and response between group of intervention with control group. Suggestion. Suggestions put forward in this study is the need to pay attention to the accuracy of the assessment to determine the priority problems that occur in patients and the principle of ONEC (Observation, Nursing Treatment, Education, Collaboration) on the intervention.

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