scholarly journals Rapid Group a Streptococcus Antigen Test (Radt) Usage and Expediency in Diagnosis and Treatment of Pharyngotonsillitis in Family Physician Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Agnė Augulytė ◽  
Povilas Čepanauskas ◽  
Kazys Simanauskas
Keyword(s):  
Family Physician ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Physician Practice ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Throat Culture ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Group A

Background. Group A streptococcus (S. pyogenes) is responsi- ble for 5 – 20% of cases of pharyngitis in adults and 15 to 20% of cases in children. Most common diagnostic tests are throat culture and rapid antigen detection testing (RADT). The modified Centor criteria can be used to help physicians decide which patients need no testing, throat culture/rapid antigen detection testing or empiric antibiotic therapy. Objective. Evaluate the rapid group A streptococcus antigen test (RADT) usage and expediency in family physician practice. Goals. To analyze children aged between 3 - 15 who suffers from acute pharyngitis ≥ 3 times per year and have ≥ 3 modified Centor criteria; to evaluate the ease of use of RADT in family phy- sician practice; to identify the correlation between RADT and the clinical symptoms of the acute pharyngitis and between the RADT and the blood test results; to evaluate the importance of RADT in diagnosing the acute pharyngitis and choosing treatment strategy. Methods. The study was accomplished in 2011-2013. 108 children aged between 3 and 15 and who suffers from acute pha- ryngitis > 2 times per year, plus have ≥ 3 modified Centor criteria were investigated. Prospectively all patients were tested by RADT. Also, the prescribed treatment and its effectiveness were analyzed. Statistical facts analysis was performed by using „SPSS 17.0“ and „MS Excel“ programs. Results. Girls suffer more often than boys from acute pha- ryngotonsillitis. The age average of patients was 7,22 ± 3,532. On average, patients appealed to doctor after 2-3 days of illness. RADT was positive in 32 (29.6%) children. Moreover, RADT was more often positive (42%) for children in 7-10 years old group, also for children who had 5 modified Centor criteria (62% of all positive cases). Conclusion. No statistically significant difference was obtained between the clinical symptoms and treatment effectiveness for children with a positive or negative result in RADT. However, all patients with positive RADT and who were taking Phenoxymethyl- penicillin recovered in 10 days. Moreover, obtained data shows that RADT test will facilitate the correct diagnosis and the tactics of selecting the treatment.

scholarly journals Positive Rate of Tests for Group a Streptococcus and Viral Features in Children with Acute Pharyngitis

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Dasom Wi ◽  
Soo-Han Choi
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Throat Culture ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Rapid Antigen Detection Test ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Group A ◽  
Centor Score ◽  
Low Prevalence

Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important cause of acute pharyngitis. We investigated the positive rate of GAS tests and clinical viral features in children with acute pharyngitis. A retrospective review was conducted for patients <15 years old with both rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and throat culture results. Patients were excluded if they were diagnosed with influenza or had received antibiotics within two weeks before these tests. A total of 377 patients were eligible. The median age of patients was 3.5 years, and 45.4% of total patients were <3 years old. Among all patients, 68.7% had at least one viral feature, and 39% had more than two. The overall positiv rate for GAS was 11.4%. The GAS positive rate was significantly lower in patients <3 years old than in older patients (1.8% vs. 19.4%, p < 0.0001). The overall sensitivity and specificity of RADT were 75.0% (95% CI: 57.8–87.9) and 97.9% (95% CI: 95.8–99.2), respectively. The GAS positive rate was not significantly different between patients with and without viral features (12.4% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.4854). In patients aged 3–14 years, the GAS positive rate was not associated with the modified Centor score or the frequency of clinical viral features. Despite a low prevalence of GAS pharyngitis, testing for GAS was frequently performed in children <3 years old in this study. Appropriate use of laboratory testing for GAS pharyngitis and judicious prescription of antibiotics were imperative.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rapid Antigen Detection Test for Group A Streptococci Pharyngitis among Children in an Out-Patient Clinic in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3345-3354
Author(s):  
Zaili Zaki ◽  
Asrul Abdul Wahab ◽  
Ramliza Ramli ◽  
Afaaf Esa ◽  
Ezura Madiana Md. Monoto
Keyword(s):  
Sore Throat ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Throat Culture ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Rapid Antigen Detection Test ◽  
Group A

One of the most common conditions encountered in the out-patient setting is acute pharyngitis. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) accounts for 15%-30% of cases of sore throat particularly in children under 15 years old. Rapid antigen testing (RADT) is an alternative diagnostic method to detect GAS pharyngitis. This study was done to evaluate the agreement between RADT whereby BIONEXIA® Strep A Plus (BioMérieux, France) kit was used and throat culture in the diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis in children presented with a sore throat. One hundred and ten children from a primary health care clinic with sore throat were included in this study. All children were evaluated based on McIsaac scoring and throat swab samples were taken for both throat culture and RADT testing. The prevalence of GAS pharyngitis by RADT in this study was 7.3% over one year. A higher incidence of GAS pharyngitis was noted in the school-aged children than the preschool-age children. There was no correlation between cough, lymph node enlargement, and tonsillar enlargement in predicting GAS pharyngitis. The sensitivity and specificity of RADT were 100% and 98%, respectively, when taking throat culture as a gold standard. A good agreement between RADT and throat culture was achieved (k=0.848). McIsaac scoring was noted to have good predictability for GAS pharyngitis with AUC=0.82. In conclusion, the rapid streptococcal antigen detection test showed excellent sensitivity and specificity and detecting GAS from the throat swab samples. Thus, it can be used to aid in the diagnosis of group A Streptococcal pharyngitis and could reduce the overuse of antibiotics. McIsaac score has also proven to be useful as a screening tool for bacterial pharyngitis.

scholarly journals Spectrum and Inoculum Size Effect of a Rapid Antigen Detection Test for Group A Streptococcus in Children with Pharyngitis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e39085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie F. Cohen ◽  
Martin Chalumeau ◽  
Corinne Levy ◽  
Philippe Bidet ◽  
Franck Thollot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Rapid Antigen Detection Test ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Association between C-Reactive Protein Rapid Test and Group A Streptococcus Infection in Acute Pharyngitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Calvino ◽  
C. Llor ◽  
F. Gomez ◽  
E. Gonzalez ◽  
C. Sarvise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Prospective Longitudinal Analysis of Immune Responses in Pediatric Subjects After Pharyngeal Acquisition of Group A Streptococci

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Hysmith ◽  
Edward L. Kaplan ◽  
P. Patrick Cleary ◽  
Dwight R. Johnson ◽  
Thomas A. Penfound ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antigen Specificity ◽  
Throat Culture ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Group A ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background. Despite the significant burden of disease associated with infection by group A streptococcus (GAS), little is known about the human immune response to GAS antigens after natural infection. Methods. We evaluated 195 serum samples obtained prospectively over a consecutive 24-month period from 41 pediatric subjects who experienced a new pharyngeal GAS acquisition. An enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to determine the kinetics and antigen specificity of antibodies against 13 shared GAS antigens and 18 type-specific M peptides. The majority of the antigens tested are currently being considered as vaccine candidates. Results. Twelve M types of GAS were recovered from 41 subjects who experienced 51 new GAS acquisitions that elicited antibody responses against at least 1 of the 31 antigens tested (immunologically significant new GAS acquisitions). The immune responses to the 13 shared antigens were highly variable. Increases in antibody levels were detected against a mean of 3.5 shared antigens (range, 1–8). Antibody responses to the homologous M peptide were observed in 32 (63%) of the 51 episodes. Seven subjects acquired more than 1 M type of GAS. There were no new immunologically significant acquisitions of an M type against which the subject had preexisting antibodies to the homologous M peptide. Of the subjects with new GAS acquisition, 65% were asymptomatic, yet immune responses were detected against 1 or more GAS antigens. Immune responses to streptolysin O and/or deoxyribonuclease B were observed after 67% of the new GAS acquisitions. Persistently positive (&gt;12 weeks) throat culture results were returned for 20% of the 41 subjects despite immune responses to homologous M peptides and/or shared antigens. Conclusions. The availability of throat culture results, GAS isolates, and serial serum samples collected prospectively over a 2-year period of observation provided a unique opportunity for us to assess the serologic status of pediatric subjects before and after new pharyngeal acquisitions of GAS. With the exception of antibody responses to the homologous M peptides, no clear pattern of immune responses against the remaining GAS antigens was seen. There were no new immunologically significant acquisitions ofemm types of GAS against which the subjects had preexisting elevated levels of antibodies against the homologous M peptide. The observation that 65% of new GAS acquisitions caused no symptoms yet were immunologically significant suggests that the majority of infections are not detected, which would result in missed opportunities for primary prevention of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease with appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

scholarly journals Group A streptococcal antigen detection in school children

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
H. Nsanze ◽  
K. Dawson ◽  
A. S. Ameen ◽  
N. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Streptococcal Antigen ◽  
Group A ◽  
Culture Negative

The objective of the study was to determine the correlation between group A streptococcal antigen detected from throat swabs with the culture results. A total of 1457 children had two swabs taken simultaneously, and culture and antigen detection were performed. There was a good correlation between antigen detection and isolation rates. In all, 225 strains of group A streptococcus were isolated;53 [57.6%] were from the 92 children with high antigen positivity, 68 [55.7%] were from the 122 children with medium antigen positivity and 77 [25.4%] were from 303 children with low antigen positivity;only 27 [2.9%] were from the 940 children with no antigen detected. We postulate that those who are antigen-positive, culture-negative carry the organisms in their throats, but they may be missed on culture because of the small number carried

scholarly journals Avoiding Over-indication for Surgical Debridement Using a Rapid Antigen Detection Test of Group A Streptococcus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e3548
Author(s):  
Itaru Tsuge ◽  
Hiroki Yamanaka ◽  
Motoki Katsube ◽  
Michiharu Sakamoto ◽  
Naoki Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Surgical Debridement ◽  
Rapid Antigen Detection Test ◽  
Group A
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