A brief history of indigenous health in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1951
Author(s):  
Maria Neyrian Fátima Fernandes ◽  
Arieli Rodrigues Nóbrega ◽  
Rosinaldo Santos Marques ◽  
Ana Michele De Farias Cabral ◽  
Clélia Albino Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Social Diversity ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTObjective: to provide a brief history context on the indigenous struggle for rights. It was at its peak in the 1970s, until the Indigenous Health Subsystem implementation in 1999. Method: it is a bibliographic review research made through BIREME and Scielo databases, including documents and publications of FUNASA, FUNAI, and the Brazilian legislation on indigenous, from 1970s to 2000s using the term: indigenous health. Results: after a myriad of movements that fought for indigenous rights recognition, the Indian Statute was sanctioned in 1973 regulating the indigenous issues in Brazil. Thereafter the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 it took a new direction, recognizing the right for cultural and social diversity, among others. Conclusion: the indigenous people integration to the health systems happened, and is still happening, according to the SUS purpose of reduce health inequalities among the whole population. Descriptors: nursing; indigenous health; Brazil.RESUMOObjetivo: traçar um breve histórico das lutas pelos direitos indígenas, cujo ápice foi nos anos 1970, até o estabelecimento do Subsistema de Atenção aos Povos Indígenas em 1999. Método: revisão a partir de levantamento bibliográfico nos bancos de dados, BIREME e Scielo, em documentos e publicações da FUNASA e da FUNAI, e na legislação brasileira indigenista, dos anos 1970 até 2000 com a utilização do descritor: saúde indígena. Resultados: após uma série de movimentos que lutavam pelo reconhecimento dos direitos indígenas, foi sancionado o Estatuto do Índio em 1973 que regulamentava a questão indígena no Brasil. Após Constituição do Brasil de 1988 houve um novo redirecionamento, reconhecendo o direito à diversidade cultural e social, entre outros. Conclusão: a integração dos povos indígenas aos sistemas de saúde aconteceu e está acontecendo conforme o propósito do SUS de redução das desigualdades em saúde na população como um todo. Descritores: enfermagem; saúde indígena; Brasil. RESUMENObjetivo: hacer un breve histórico de la lucha por los derechos indígenas que alcanzó su máximo en la década de 1970, hasta la creación de lo Subsistema de Atención a los Pueblos Indígenas en 1999. Método: revisión desde las búsquedas bibliográficas en bases de datos, BIREME y SciELO, en los documentos y publicaciones de la FUNASA, FUNAI y en la legislación indígena brasileña, desde los años 1970 hasta 2000 usando el descriptor: salud indígena. Resultados: después de una serie de movimientos que luchaban por el reconocimiento de los derechos indígenas, se promulgó el Estatuto de lo Indio en 1973, que regulaba la cuestión indígena en Brasil. Posteriormente a la Constitución brasileña de 1988 ocurrió una nueva dirección, reconociendo el derecho a la diversidad cultural y social, entre otros. Conclusión: la integración de los sistemas de salud indígenas ocurrió y está ocurriendo según el propósito del SUS de reducir las desigualdades en salud en toda la población. Descriptores: enfermería; salud indígena; Brasil. 

Born the Year after the Flood

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-927
Author(s):  
Jeremie Caribou
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Indigenous Identity ◽  
Indigenous Lands ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
Gain Access

This essay reveals the true history of my people. It demonstrates our highly developed social, spiritual, and political governance structures. Our use of the water systems underscores the ecological integrity of sustainable development that we fostered for thousands of years. Yet, due to colonization and oppressive policies designed to destroy Indigenous identity, culture, and history, Indigenous knowledge and governing systems have been put in jeopardy. Colonial policies intended to dispossess and oppress First Nations by depriving us from Indigenous lands, controlling all aspects of our lives, which created dependence by limiting Indigenous peoples’ abilities to provide for themselves. Furthermore, these policies had no Indigenous input or representation and were designed to eradicate or eliminate Indigenous rights, titles, and the right to self-determination to easily gain access to Indigenous lands for development and industrialization, such as in the case of the massive hydroelectrical dams that continue to alienate my home community today.

scholarly journals Towards attainment of Indigenous health through empowerment: resetting health systems, services and provider approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e004052
Author(s):  
Cheryl Barnabe
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Dominant Society ◽  
Significant Health

Colonial policies and practices have introduced significant health challenges for Indigenous populations in commonwealth countries. Health systems and models of care were shaped for dominant society, and were not contextualised for Indigenous communities nor with provision of Indigenous cultural approaches to maintain health and wellness. Shifts to support Indigenous health outcomes have been challenged by debate on identifying which system and service components are to be included, implementation approaches, the lack of contextualised evaluation of implemented models to justify financial investments, but most importantly lack of effort in ensuring equity and participation by affected communities to uphold Indigenous rights to health. Prioritising the involvement, collaboration and empowerment of Indigenous communities and leadership are critical to successful transformation of healthcare in Indigenous communities. Locally determined priorities and solutions can be enacted to meet community and individual needs, and advance health attainment. In this paper, existing successful and sustainable models that demonstrate the empowerment of Indigenous peoples and communities in advocating for, designing, delivering and leading health and wellness supports are shared.

scholarly journals Identity, Care and Rights: the Experience of Talking Circles about the Health of Indigenous People

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Fernandes Luna ◽  
Cecília Malvezzi ◽  
Karla Caroline Teixeira ◽  
Dayane Teixeira Almeida ◽  
Vandicley Pereira Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Indigenous Leadership ◽  
Talking Circles ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The University

Abstract: Introduction: There is a historical fragility regarding the training of health care professionals working with the Indigenous Health System in Brazil and the awakening of the growing sensitivity for the promotion of intercultural dialogue is recognized as essential in this context. Thus, the project “Talking Circles about the Indigenous People’s Health” in the university emerged in 2016, developed in a partnership between medical school professors and indigenous students from the Indigenous Tutorial Education Program - PET Indígena - Health Actions, UFSCar. Method: This report is based on the qualitative documental analyses, aiming to present and discuss the experiences, perspectives and dialogues carried out during those meetings, the construction of diversity, the description of the activities performed and the exposure of their potentialities and limits. Results: Based on both Paulo Freire’s Culture Circles and active teaching-learning methodology tools, those meetings dealt with topics related to Indigenous People’s Health, the results of which were here grouped into three categories: Identity; Care; and Indigenous Rights. The Talking Circles format fostered the construction of new knowledge in indigenous health’s field related to different cultures, specific health policies, concepts of health-disease process, providing an initial approach on the indigenous health context in Brazil. Additionally, they provided a space with indigenous leadership that dared to indicate innovative perspectives on identity issues and health understandings, disease and healing processes, as well as raising the epistemology inherent to these populations. Conclusions: Based on the dialogue between different actors, it was possible to arouse interest of the health professionals regarding ethnic and cultural issues and give visibility to the indigenous people at the University. Moreover, it can be a first step towards the construction of optional interdisciplinary disciplines and the insertion of the topic in undergraduate school curricula in the health area.

Part V Economic and Social Rights, Ch.17 Indigenous Rights to Development, Socio-Economic Rights, and Rights for Groups with Vulnerabilities: Articles 20–22, 24, and 44

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pérez-Bustillo Camilo ◽  
Hohmann Jessie
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Indigenous Worldviews ◽  
Right To Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Right ◽  
Core Issues

This chapter looks at Articles 20, 21, 22, 21, and 44, considering rights to development, socio-economic rights, and rights for groups with particular vulnerabilities. These provisions are centred on: the economic, social, and cultural rights of indigenous peoples, with a particular focus on the right to health; their right to development; and the rights of those indigenous individuals and groups who are particularly vulnerable, including women and children, and again with a particular focus on women's rights to be free from violence. The provisions highlight the evolving place of indigenous rights within the overall framework of international law and international human rights. However, the negotiating history of the provisions demonstrates that some of the core issues addressed in these Articles remain contested. The right to development itself, let alone a vision of development in harmony with indigenous worldviews, remains controversial and resisted by states.

scholarly journals La escuela en la memoria de sus agentes. Estudio de caso en población indígena migrante de Ambato, Tungurahua, Ecuador

2019 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Judith Elizabeth Pinos Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Politiques Publiques ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Population Indigène

Este artículo describe la historia de una escuela de la ciudad de Ambato, cuya creación obedeció a las gestiones de un grupo de migrantes indígenas kichwa puruwaes. El período de análisis abarca de 1995 a 2018. Se trata del estudio cualitativo de un entorno educativo bilingüe (kichwa-español), para el cual se utilizó técnicas tales como entrevistas a profundidad y análisis documental del archivo institucional. La sistematización de datos se llevó a cabo con el software Tropes. Los principales hallazgos de la investigación muestran que a partir de su identidad étnica las y los indígenas ejercieron el derecho a la educación en lengua propia; además se identificó cuestionamientos a las acciones estatales que impiden el fortalecimiento de las lenguas y culturas nativas. Se espera que esta investigación contribuya al análisis de las políticas públicas educativas para población indígena.Palabras clave: Indígenas, Educación, Políticas públicas, KichwaThe school in the memory of its agents. A case study in migrant indigenous population of Ambato, Tungurahua, EcuadorAbstractThis article describes the history of a school in the city of Ambato, whose creation was due to the efforts of a group of indigenous Kichwa Puruwa migrants. The period of analysis covers from 1995 to 2018. It is a qualitative study of a bilingual educational environment (Kichwa-Spanish), for which techniques such as in-depth interviews and documentary analysis of the institutional archive were used. The data systematization was carried out with the Tropes software. The main findings of the research show that, based on their ethnic identity, the indigenous people exercised the right to education in their own language. In addition, questions were identified regarding state actions that impede the strengthening of native languages and cultures. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the analysis of public education policies for the indigenous population.Keywords: Indigenous people, Education, Public policies, KichwaL’école dans la mémoire de ses agents. Étude de cas en population indigène migrant d’Ambato, Tungurahua, EcuadorRésuméCette article décrit l’histoire d’une école de la ville d’Ambato, dont sa création a obéit aux gestions d’un groupe de migrants indigènes kichwa puruwaes. La période d’analyse couvre  les années de 1995 à 2018.Il s’agit de l’étude qualitative d’un entourage éducatif bilingue (kichwa-espagnol), pour lequel on a utilisé des techniques telles que des entrevues à profondeur et analyse documentaire de l’archive institutionnel. La systématisation des renseignements s’est mise en marche avec le  software Tropes. Les principales découvertes de la recherche montrent qu’à partir de son identité ethnique les indigènes ont exercé le droit à l’éducation en langue maternelle ; en plus, on a identifié des questionnements envers les actions de l’état qui empêchent le renforcement des langues et des cultures natives. On espère que cette recherche contribuera à l’analyse des politiques publiques éducatives pour la population indigène. Mots clés: Indigènes, Éducation, Politiques publiques, Kichwa 

Facing Facts, Facing Futures: Challenges to Women's Health

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Dorothy Broom
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
History Of

For people with a long history of involvement in progressive politics, these are times to try the soul. The achievements of the 1970s and '80s are looking vulnerable and many have been rolled back. The gap between rich and poor is widening internationally and nationally, youth suicide, already alarming, is on the increase, indigenous rights are being eroded and indigenous health remains poor (perhaps these trends are related), unemployment persists at stubbornly high levels, and many women's services, including health services, are being de-funded, out-sourced, amalgamated or mainstreamed. Governments are becoming corporations and citizens are being asked to become customers.

Ainu

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoteru Tsutsui
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Human ◽  
Official Recognition

This chapter starts with an examination of the long history of Ainu’s subjugation to mainland Japanese and their quiet acquiescence until the 1970s, when the Hokkaido Utari Association began to engage in international exchange. The international experiences from the 1970s gradually transformed Ainu leaders’ movement actorhood, leading to much more assertive collective mobilization by Ainu that leveraged international human rights forums with help from transnational activists. Their international activities exerted significant pressures on the Japanese government, prompting legislation of new laws to protect and promote Ainu culture and an official recognition of Ainu as an indigenous people. Ainu activists also contributed to the consolidation and expansion of international human and indigenous rights forums, legitimating the issue of indigenous rights outside typical settler colonies such as the United States, Canada, and Australia, and bringing in some resources to international indigenous forums.

Z-line degradation and phagocytosis of sarcomeric fragments in myonecrosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 790-791
Author(s):  
Melinda L. Estes ◽  
Samuel M. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathy ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
White Female ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Muscle Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mononuclear Inflammatory Cell

Many muscle diseases show common pathological features although their etiology is different. In primary muscle diseases a characteristic finding is myofiber necrosis. The mechanism of myonecrosis is unknown. Polymyositis is a primary muscle disease characterized by acute and subacute degeneration as well as regeneration of muscle fibers coupled with an inflammatory infiltrate. We present a case of polymyositis with unusual ultrastructural features indicative of the basic pathogenetic process involved in myonecrosis.The patient is a 63-year-old white female with a one history of proximal limb weakness, weight loss and fatigue. Examination revealed mild proximal weakness and diminished deep tendon reflexes. Her creatine kinase was 1800 mU/ml (normal < 140 mU/ml) and electromyography was consistent with an inflammatory myopathy which was verified by light microscopy on biopsy muscle. Ultrastructural study of necrotizing myofiber, from the right vastus lateralis, showed: (1) degradation of the Z-lines with preservation of the adjacent Abands including M-lines and H-bands, (Fig. 1), (2) fracture of the sarcomeres at the I-bands with disappearance of the Z-lines, (Fig. 2), (3) fragmented sarcomeres without I-bands, engulfed by invading phagocytes, (Fig. 3, a & b ), and (4) mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in the endomysium.

Popliteal artery thrombosis secondary to a tibial osteochondroma

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gruber-Szydlo ◽  
Poreba ◽  
Belowska-Bien ◽  
Derkacz ◽  
Badowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Angiography ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Artery Thrombosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Popliteal artery thrombosis may present as a complication of an osteochondroma located in the vicinity of the knee joint. This is a case report of a 26-year-old man with symptoms of the right lower extremity ischaemia without a previous history of vascular disease or trauma. Plain radiography, magnetic resonance angiography and Doppler ultrasonography documented the presence of an osteochondrous structure of the proximal tibial metaphysis, which displaced and compressed the popliteal artery, causing its occlusion due to intraluminal thrombosis..The patient was operated and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of osteochondroma.

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