scholarly journals Degree of Proximity in the Construction of Social Representations: The Case of Intelligence

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1244-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Miguel ◽  
Joaquim Pires Valentim ◽  
Felice Carugati
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Social Representations Of Intelligence

The present article is devoted to the empirical endeavor of studying the effect of the degree of proximity, defined by specific socio-educational insertions, on the organization of social representations of intelligence. A questionnaire was answered by a sample of 752 participants belonging to five different social categories with different degrees of proximity and knowledge about intelligence: mothers, fathers, mother-teachers and non-parent students (psychology and science students). The questionnaire included different topics, namely concerning the concept of intelligence, its development and the effectiveness of teaching procedures. Results show that the principles organizing the contents of representations are linked to the personal involvement in intelligence, on which subjects more or less implied take different positions. Results produced suggest, therefore, that the content of representations is directly linked to the activation of social roles and the salience of the object, reflecting the functional character that the organization of representations has to specific social dynamics.

The Vicious Cycle Linking Stereotypes and Social Roles

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142110137
Author(s):  
Alice H. Eagly ◽  
Anne M. Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Policies And Programs

Members of social categories defined by attributes such as sex, race, and age occupy certain types of social roles much more than members of other social categories do. The qualities that define these roles become associated with the category as a whole, thus forming a stereotype. In a vicious cycle, this stereotype then hinders category members’ movement into roles with different demands because their stereotype portrays them as well matched to their existing roles but not to these new roles. This vicious cycle has important implications for stereotype change. Given the difficulties of producing enduring change by directly attacking stereotypes in the minds of individuals, a more effective strategy consists of policies and programs that change the distributions of category members in roles, thereby changing stereotypes at their source. If the vicious cycle is not interrupted by such social change, observations of category members’ typical social roles continually reinstate existing stereotypes.

Sociology of generation’s social structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
NATALIA KOVALISKO ◽  
SERHII MAKEIEV
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Social ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Status Mobility ◽  
The Status ◽  
Primary Socialization

In sociology, the concept of “generation” is usually applied to a wide variety of social categories. This is a cohort of peers, and a cohort of several years of birth — as in studies of social mobility, as well as a community of those who share acceptable values, simultaneously experienced significant events, is a bearer of similar experiences and memories. Theoretical reflection in modern literature continues to excite the fundamental essay of K. Mannheim “The Problem of Generations”. The cognitive intuitions it contains have a priority status, but the published reviews state that the empirical potential of the concept outlined there is minimal, and new times require new approaches to analyzing the role of generations in the intensification of social dynamics and the movement of history. Sociology of the social structure of a generation is mainly a way of observing, fixing and describing the transformations of the morphological structure of a community. The heterogeneity of the age cohort is prescribed by origin from different types of families and birth in a particular region and type of settlement. In the course of primary socialization, general patterns of worldview and worldview are formed, an attitude to the past, present and future on the basis of internalized values, standards and norms of behavior. The degree of stratification of life chances and opportunities given by birth is subsequently corrected or fixed by institutions of secondary and higher education, which is monitored in studies of professional and status mobility. Events are capable of elevating an age cohort to the status of a generation, constructing an identity (“we,” shared ways of feeling, thinking, acting) and, almost synchronously, differentiating peers, establishing differences and distances.

Essentialism and social representations of intelligence

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Räty ◽  
Noora Mononen ◽  
Elina Pykäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representations Of Intelligence

Social Representations of Intelligence.

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
John G. Richardson ◽  
Gabriel Mugny ◽  
Felice Carugati ◽  
Ian Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representations Of Intelligence

scholarly journals Exploring collaboration technology use: how users’ perceptions twist and amend reality

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Dulipovici ◽  
Dragos Vieru
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Collaboration Technology ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – This study aims to examine how a collaboration technology is used by three organizational groups. The main focus is on the interplay between the users’ perceptions (of the technology and of the knowledge shared) and the material properties of the collaboration technology. Design/methodology/approach – Two theoretical frameworks (social representations and sociomaterial practice perspective) examine collaboration technology use to better understand the underlying dynamics. The research is conducted as a case study in a US company where a collaboration technology was being implemented. Findings – The findings reveal a process model showing how social dynamics and users’ perceptions of what the collaboration technology can do and cannot do to share the users’ knowledge influence the users’ behaviour. Based on these perceptions, users will twist or amend their interpretation of the reality (the material properties of the technology) to justify their use of the collaboration technology. Research limitations/implications – This research is conducted as a single case study. However, the significant amount of time spent at the research site allowed for a very rich description of the events and processes involved. Practical implications – This study offers guidelines on what influences use and adoption of collaboration technologies. It highlights the importance of providing more than just training, as social dynamics and users’ perceptions continuously influence users’ behaviour. Originality/value – By combining two complementary theoretical frameworks, this study provides a novel and more in-depth explanation of collaboration technology use (or lack thereof).

scholarly journals Challenges in Covering Innovation Topics

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Maria Lassila-Merisalo
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
General Lack ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Media

Abstract Journalists face plenty of challenges when covering innovation topics. Because innovation stories combine elements from several traditional beats, they are often left “homeless” in the media. The general lack of resources in the media affects specialty areas in particular. On top of that, innovation topics are often difficult to write because the issues are complicated and unpredictable. The risk of engaging in PR is particularly high when writing about innovation. Journalists can try to cope with these challenges, for instance by networking with experts, doing collaborative stories between desks, appreciating the fact that innovation stories take their time and finding a personal involvement in the topic to make it more appealing to the reader. The data in the present article consist of 69 thematic interviews with press journalists from the US, Japan and Finland.

scholarly journals El marc institucional: estructura organitzativa i normativa

2016 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Jaume Vallverdú
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Hare Krishna ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Interpretive Model ◽  
Different Levels

El Moviment Hare Krisna, l'Orde Benedictí i els Testimonis de Jehovà són instàncies religioses diferentment legitimades a la nostra societat. Però les recurrències de contingut de les seves respectives disposicions organitzatives i normatives poden obrir múltiples vies a l'anàlisi empírica. En un primer esbós d'aquesta, el procediment comparatiu del present article vol transmetre la importància d'aprofundir en la naturalesa de les representacions socials partint d'un model interpretatiu prou ampli que consideri, entre altres, els següents temes: la sistemàtica d'ordinació dels diferents codis culturals i religiosos, el funcionament de les estructures de poder amb els seus mecanismes formals i informals de control social, i la configuració de les experiències religioses i dels processos interactius en el context de la comunitat normativa.El Movimiento Hare Krisna, la Orden Benedictina y Los Testigos de Jehová son instancias religiosas diferentemente legitimadas en nuestra sociedad. Pero las recurrencias de contenido de sus respectivas disposiciones organizativas y normativas pueden abrir múltiples vías al análisis empírico. En un primer esbozo del mismo, el procedimiento comparativo del presente artículo pretende transmitir la importancia de profundizar en la naturaleza de las representaciones sociales partiendo de un marco interpretativo lo suficientemente amplio y que considere, entre otros, los siguientes temas: la sistemática ordenativa de los diferentes códigos culturales y religiosos, el funcionamiento de las estructuras de poder con sus mecanismos formales e informales de control social, y la configuración de las experiencias religiosas y de los procesos interactivos en el contexto de la comunidad normativa. Le Mouvement Hare Krisna, l'Ordre Bénédictin et les Témoins de Jehova sont des instances religieuses légitimées de façon différente dans notre société. Mais les récurrences dans le contenu de leurs respectifs dispositifs organisationnels et normatifs peuvent ouvrir de multiples voies à l'analyse empirique. Dans un premier temps, l'approche comparative de cet article veut mettre en lumière l'intérêt d'approfondir l'étude des représentations sociales en partant d'un model interprétatif suffisamment large qui considère, entre autres, les thèmes suivants: l'organisation systématique des différents codes culturels et religieux, le fonctionnement des structures du pouvoir avec ses mécanismes formels et informels de contrôle social, et la configuration des expériences religieuses et des procès interactifs dans te contexte de la communauté normative.The Hare Krishna Movement, the Benedictine Order, and Jehovah's witnesses are religious positions with different levels of legitimacy in our society. But recourse to the content of their respective organizational and nonnative positions can open up multiple paths to empirical analysis. As a first outline of this, the comparative procedure of the present article attempts to transmit the importance of looking in greater depth at the nature of social representations starting from an interpretive model which is sufficiently broad and which considers, amongst others, the following themes: the system of ordering of the different cultural and religious codes, the functioning of power structures with their formal and informal mechanisms of social control, and the configuration of religious experiences and interactive processes in the context of the normative community.

scholarly journals Procesos de humanización de los perros de la ciudad de Xalapa

UVserva ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Francisco Kuri Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Contradictions ◽  
The City ◽  
Social Sectors ◽  
Unequal Protection

En el presente artículo se argumenta cómo los seres humanos han generado un proceso de humanización de los animales, especialmente con los perros. Los humanos cuando adquieren y cuidan un perro con sus prácticas diferenciales, demuestran protección, defensa, rechazo o indiferencia de manera desigual. Este tipo de prácticas diferenciales en los distintos sectores sociales ha provocado contradicciones sociales y culturales en la ciudad de Xalapa. Para ello, se revisa cómo en un barrio los humanos en su vida cotidiana tienen cierto tipo de prácticas hacia los caninos que deambulan por las calles, así como los que están encerrados en las casas, también se examina cuando transitan en ciertos territorios de la ciudad, hasta mostrar las representaciones sociales que se pueden dar en la ciudad de Xalapa sobre los procesos de humanización de éstos.Palabras clave: animales, humanismo, prácticas, subjetividadAbstractIn the present article it is argued how the human beings have generated a process of huma­nization of the animals, especially with the dogs. Humans, when they acquire and care for a dog with its differential practices, demonstrate unequal protection, defense, rejection or indi­fference. This type of differential practices in the different social sectors has provoked social and cultural contradictions in the city of Xalapa. For this, it is reviewed as in a neighborhood the humans in their daily life have certain types of practices towards the canines that roam the streets, as well as those that are locked in the houses, also is examined when they transit in certain territories of the city , To show the social representations that can be given in the city of Xalapa on the processes of humanization of these.Keywords: animals; humanism; practices; subjectivity

Social comparison and differentiation strategies in social representations of intelligence

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Poeschl
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Representations Of Intelligence

The two studies presented here analyse the effect of conditions of social comparison on the organisation of social representations of intelligence. In order to induce the comparisons, participants were asked successively to describe either the intelligence of humans and that of animals (Study 1), or the intelligence of men and that of women (Study 2). Results indicate that a comparison between species leads to maximising the differences between the two forms of intelligence, by increasing the relevance of the categories' most typical dimensions in the descriptions of their respective forms of intelligence. The induction of a comparison between male intelligence and female intelligence produces effects that differ according to participants' own sex. Whereas male participants are led to accentuate the differences between the two forms of intelligence, female participants seem to look for similarity rather than for difference. The differentiations produced suggest, moreover, that the structure of the representations resulting from a comparison between two categories of unequal status tends to legitimate their respective positions in the social structure.

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