scholarly journals Grid Modernization - Integration of Storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Islifo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Customer Participation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Power Grid ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Vanadium Redox

The existing electric power grid is reliable enough to meet everyday needs of U.S. electricity users. However, the grid needs major infrastructure upgrades to meet the rising demands for a reliable, resilient, and secure electricity delivery. Drivers to modernize the grid include increased demand for clean sources of energy, growing number of renewable energy sources on the grid and customer participation in power generation. Smart grid technologies are critical for monitoring, managing and controlling the power grid. Energy storage introduces an important new dimension on the grid, the ability to store electricity at one time and release the stored electricity for use at another time. Flow batteries are one type of energy storage technologies that are well suited for large-scale utility application on the grid. Currently, vanadium redox ow batteries are the most common used utility-scaled ow batteries.

scholarly journals Sizing and Management of Energy Storage Systems in Large-Scale Power Plants Using Price Control and Artificial Intelligence

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3296
Author(s):  
Carlos García-Santacruz ◽  
Luis Galván ◽  
Juan M. Carrasco ◽  
Eduardo Galván
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ancillary Services ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Fundamental Part

Energy storage systems are expected to play a fundamental part in the integration of increasing renewable energy sources into the electric system. They are already used in power plants for different purposes, such as absorbing the effect of intermittent energy sources or providing ancillary services. For this reason, it is imperative to research managing and sizing methods that make power plants with storage viable and profitable projects. In this paper, a managing method is presented, where particle swarm optimisation is used to reach maximum profits. This method is compared to expert systems, proving that the former achieves better results, while respecting similar rules. The paper further presents a sizing method which uses the previous one to make the power plant as profitable as possible. Finally, both methods are tested through simulations to show their potential.

scholarly journals Defining and Evaluating Use Cases for Battery Energy Storage Investments: Case Study in Croatia

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Pavić ◽  
Zora Luburić ◽  
Hrvoje Pandžić ◽  
Tomislav Capuder ◽  
Ivan Andročec
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Storage Technologies

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) and renewable energy sources are complementary technologies from the power system viewpoint, where renewable energy sources behave as flexibility sinks and create business opportunities for BESS as flexibility sources. Various stakeholders can use BESS to balance, stabilize and flatten demand/generation patterns. These applications depend on the stakeholder role, flexibility service needed from the battery, market opportunities and obstacles, as well as regulatory aspects encouraging or hindering integration of storage technologies. While developed countries are quickly removing barriers and increasing the integration share of BESS, this is seldom the case in developing countries. The paper identifies multiple case opportunities for different power system stakeholders in Croatia, models potential BESS applications using real-world case studies, analyzes feasibility of these investments, and discusses financial returns and barriers to overcome.

scholarly journals Modeling a Large-Scale Battery Energy Storage System for Power Grid Application Analysis

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Rancilio ◽  
Alexandre Lucas ◽  
Evangelos Kotsakis ◽  
Gianluca Fulli ◽  
Marco Merlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Experimental Campaign ◽  
Battery Energy

The interest in modeling the operation of large-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) for analyzing power grid applications is rising. This is due to the increasing storage capacity installed in power systems for providing ancillary services and supporting nonprogrammable renewable energy sources (RES). BESS numerical models suitable for grid-connected applications must offer a trade-off, keeping a high accuracy even with limited computational effort. Moreover, they are asked to be viable in modeling for real-life equipment, and not just accurate in the simulation of the electrochemical section. The aim of this study is to develop a numerical model for the analysis of the grid-connected BESS operation; the main goal of the proposal is to have a test protocol based on standard equipment and just based on charge/discharge tests, i.e., a procedure viable for a BESS owner without theoretical skills in electrochemistry or lab procedures, and not requiring the ability to disassemble the BESS in order to test each individual component. The BESS model developed is characterized by an experimental campaign. The test procedure itself is framed in the context of this study and adopted for the experimental campaign on a commercial large-scale BESS. Once the model is characterized by the experimental parameters, it undergoes the verification and validation process by testing its accuracy in simulating the provision of frequency regulation. A case study is presented for the sake of presenting a potential application of the model. The procedure developed and validated is replicable in any other facility, due to the low complexity of the proposed experimental set. This could help stakeholders to accurately simulate several layouts of network services.

scholarly journals Large scale electricity storage technology options for smart grid

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Surender Reddy Salkuti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current Impact ◽  
Storage Technologies

This paper aims to establish a comparative analysis between various storage techniques available and to evaluate their current impact as well as potential to be employed more effectively in the future. This paper presents the classification of each storage technique on the basis of features, cost, location, mathematical modelling, advantages and disadvantages. This paper shows the energy storage devices behavior to effectively improve the renewable energy sources connected to the utility grid. The paper also identifies the different storage techniques that can be implemented in to a smart grid and a cost benefit analysis of the different storage techniques. The paper exhaustively reviews the functionality of a major sector of smart grid and energy storage. From this paper, it can be observed that the use of energy storage technologies will increase the supply, and balances the demand for energy.

Effect of Viscosity Variations on Charge and Discharge Time of a Sulfur-Based Thermal Energy Storage System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Baghaei Lakeh ◽  
Karthik Nithyanandam ◽  
Amey Barde ◽  
Louis Tse ◽  
Richard E. Wirz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Viscous Layer ◽  
Discharge Time ◽  
Molten Sulfur ◽  
The Stability

Most of the renewable energy sources, including solar and wind suffer from significant intermittency due to day/night cycles and unpredictable weather patterns. On the other hand increasing share of renewable sources imposes additional stability risks on the power grid. Increased share of solar energy in power generation during noon along with increased power demand during afternoon peak hours generates a significant risk on the stability of power grid. Energy Storage systems are required to enable the renewable energy sources to continuously generate energy for the power grid and enhance the stability of future grid that benefits from more renewable sources. Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is one of the most promising forms of energy storage. Although round trip efficiency is relatively high in thermal storage systems, heat transfer is a well-known problem of most TES systems that use solid state or phase change. Insufficient heat transfer may significantly impact the performance of the TES system. The TES system of this study utilizes molten sulfur as the storage medium. Although thermal conductivity of molten sulfur is relatively low, the sulfur-based TES system benefits from enhanced heat transfer due to the presence of buoyancy-driven flows. In this study, the effect of natural convection on the heat transfer characteristics of a sulfur-based isochoric TES system is studied computationally and theoretically. It turns out that the viscosity of sulfur in the temperature range of this study (250–400 °C) varies by two orders of magnitude. A computational model was developed to investigate the effect of viscosity variations on the buoyancy-driven flow and corresponding charge and discharge times. The computational model is developed using an unsteady Finite Volume Method by a commercially available CFD package. The results of this study show that the heat transfer process in the isochoric TES element is highly impacted by natural convection. The viscous flow of molten sulfur near the boundaries of the isochoric TES element leads to different charge and discharge times. The discharge time is almost two times longer than the charge time due to formation of a viscous layer of elemental sulfur near the heat transfer surface. The viscous layer of sulfur decreases the activity of the buoyancy-driven flow and decreases the heat transfer rate during discharge cycle. The computational model was validated by comparing the results of a representative case with experimental data.

Design of a Modular Solid-Based Thermal Energy Storage for a Hybrid Compressed Air Energy Storage System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Baghaei Lakeh ◽  
Ian C. Villazana ◽  
Sammy Houssainy ◽  
Kevin R. Anderson ◽  
H. Pirouz Kavehpour
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage

The share of renewable energy sources in the power grid is showing an increasing trend world-wide. Most of the renewable energy sources are intermittent and have generation peaks that do not correlate with peak demand. The stability of the power grid is highly dependent on the balance between power generation and demand. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) systems have been utilized to receive and store the electrical energy from the grid during off-peak hours and play the role of an auxiliary power plant during peak hours. Using Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems with CAES technology is shown to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of generated power. In this study, a modular solid-based TES system is designed to store thermal energy converted from grid power. The TES system stores the energy in the form of internal energy of the storage medium up to 900 K. A three-dimensional computational study using commercial software (ANSYS Fluent) was completed to test the performance of the modular design of the TES. It was shown that solid-state TES, using conventional concrete and an array of circular fins with embedded heaters, can be used for storing heat for a high temperature hybrid CAES (HTH-CAES) system.

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