scholarly journals Floristic and functional-reproductive diversity of arboreal and shrub species present in the ornamentation of squares in São Raimundo Nonato, PI, Brazil

Terr Plural ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Taíse dos Santos Silva ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Meiado ◽  
Sheila Milena Soares
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Pollination Syndromes ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Urban Green Area ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Pollination Systems

We evaluated the urban green area of the São Raimundo Nonato city (PI), regarding the floristic composition and the pollination service, comparing it with the natural ecosystem (caatinga). We employed indices of functional diversity of the reproductive traits by means of the usual procedures of collect and identification of species, classification (the origin, floral attributes, and pollination syndromes), followed by data analysis. The results show that the urban area presents a greater functional diversity because of the richness of exotic species, but with specialized pollination systems and resources inaccessible to native pollinators. By removing them, the rates are higher in the caatinga, revealing the need for planning in afforestation with native species suggested.

scholarly journals Effects of open grazing and livestock exclusion on floristic composition and diversity in natural ecosystem of Western Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saud L. Al-Rowaily ◽  
Magdy I. El-Bana ◽  
Dhafer A. Al-Bakre ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Assaeed ◽  
Ahmad K. Hegazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Natural Ecosystem

Superphosphate and stocking rate effects on a native pasture oversown with Stylosanthes humilis in central coastal Queensland. 3. The balance of native species in the pasture

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (95) ◽  
pp. 808 ◽  
Author(s):  
NH Shaw ◽  
MB Dale
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Total Exchange Capacity ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Stocking Rates

The percentage frequency of all herbaceous species in a native pasture oversown with S. humilis (T.S.) was measured at the beginning and end of an eight-year grazing experiment. Treatments imposed were three levels of molybdenized superphosphate (nil; 125 kg ha-1 annually; 250 kg ha-1 annually plus an extra 250 kg ha-1 initially) in factorial combination with four stocking rates and two sowing methods for T.S. (ground sowing into spaced cultivated strips or aerial sowing). Stocking rates were gradually increased during the experiment and for the last three years overlapping ranges were used for the three fertilizer levels; the overall range was then from 0.55 to 1.65 beast ha-1. Treatments did not induce any major changes in the proportions of native species in the pasture. Heteropogon contortus remained dominant and its frequency increased in all treatments. Of the total of 113 species recorded, only 18 reached 10 per cent frequency in at least one paddock on one occasion. Several of these showed statistically significant changes in response to treatment, but their relative importance was not greatly changed. Examination of the results by principal co-ordinate and canonical analysis, showed that the first vectors of the two data sets were highly correlated, indicating that the major control on floristic composition was not changed by oversowing with T.S. or by the treatments imposed. Treatment effects dominated in the second and third vectors in the final year. The controlling vector was found to be highly correlated with soil calcium, potassium, total exchange capacity and organic carbon, but the basis for the correlations remains undetermined.

Dense regeneration of floodplain Eucalyptus coolabah: invasive scrub or passive restoration of an endangered woodland community?

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. Good ◽  
Jodi N. Price ◽  
Peter J. Clarke ◽  
Nick Reid
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Passive Restoration ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Degraded Grassland ◽  
And Function

Clearing of native vegetation and changes to disturbance regimes have resulted in dense regeneration of native trees and shrubs in parts of Australia. The conversion of open vegetation to dense woodlands may result in changes to the composition of plant communities and ecosystem function if structure, composition and function are tightly linked. Widespread clearing of the floodplain tree Eucalyptus coolabah subsp. coolabah (coolibah), in New South Wales, Australia, has led to state and federal listings of coolibah woodland as an endangered ecological community. Dense regeneration of coolibah in the mid 1970s, however, also resulted in its listing as an ‘invasive native species’ in NSW, meaning it can be legally cleared under certain conditions. Dense regeneration could be a novel state dissimilar to the threatened community or it could represent the next generation of coolibah woodlands and may contribute to passive restoration of heavily cleared landscapes. This study investigated if dense stands are distinct from remnant woodland by comparing floristic composition of the ground-storey community and top-soil properties of four coolibah vegetation states: derived grassland, derived degraded grassland, dense regeneration and remnant woodland. Ground-storey composition was found to overlap broadly among states regardless of tree density. Most species were common to all states, although dense regeneration contained characteristic woodland species that were absent from grasslands. The carbon : nitrogen ratio of the soil was significantly higher in dense regeneration and remnant woodland than in either of the grassland states, indicating that the woody states are broadly similar in terms of nutrient cycling. The study demonstrates that structurally different vegetation states (grasslands, woodlands and dense regeneration) are not associated with distinct plant communities. The results also suggest that grazing management has a more pronounced effect on ground-storey composition of plant communities than tree density and that well managed derived grasslands and dense regeneration are floristically similar to remnant woodlands. Since dense regeneration and remnant woodlands are not floristically distinct from one another, dense regeneration could contribute to the conservation of endangered coolibah woodlands in cleared agricultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Evolution of pollination syndromes and corolla symmetry in Balsaminaceae reconstructed using phylogenetic comparative analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Ruchisansakun ◽  
Arne Mertens ◽  
Steven B Janssens ◽  
Erik F Smets ◽  
Timotheüs van der Niet
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Pollination Syndromes ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Floral Symmetry ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Pollination Systems

Abstract Background and Aims Floral diversity as a result of plant–pollinator interactions can evolve by two distinct processes: shifts between pollination systems or divergent use of the same pollinator. Although both are pollinator driven, the mode, relative importance and interdependence of these different processes are rarely studied simultaneously. Here we apply a phylogenetic approach using the Balsaminaceae (including the species-rich genus Impatiens) to simultaneously quantify shifts in pollination syndromes (as inferred from the shape and colour of the perianth), as well as divergent use of the same pollinator (inferred from corolla symmetry). Methods For 282 species we coded pollination syndromes based on associations between floral traits and known pollination systems, and assessed corolla symmetry. The evolution of these traits was reconstructed using parsimony- and model-based approaches, using phylogenetic trees derived from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA sequence data. Key Results A total of 71 % of studied species have a bee pollination syndrome, 22 % a bimodal syndrome (Lepidoptera and bees), 3 % a bird pollination syndrome and 5 % a syndrome of autogamy, while 19 % of species have an asymmetrical corolla. Although floral symmetry and pollination syndromes are both evolutionarily labile, the latter shifts more frequently. Shifts in floral symmetry occurred mainly in the direction towards asymmetry, but there was considerable uncertainty in the pattern of shift direction for pollination syndrome. Shifts towards asymmetrical flowers were associated with a bee pollination syndrome. Conclusion Floral evolution in Impatiens has occurred through both pollination syndrome shifts and divergent use of the same pollinator. Although the former appears more frequent, the latter is likely to be underestimated. Shifts in floral symmetry and pollination syndromes depend on each other but also partly on the region in which these shifts take place, suggesting that the occurrence of pollinator-driven evolution may be determined by the availability of pollinator species at large geographical scales.

scholarly journals Biodiversity Status of the Immediate Vicinity of an Iron and Steel Recycling Factory in Ile-Ife, South-Western Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Oludare Oladipo AGBOOLA ◽  
Olalekan Oluwatoyosi SALAMI ◽  
Stephen OYEDEJI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Reported Study ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Almost All

Floristic composition of vegetation communities of 27 plots established along a line transect in the four major directions was investigated in the vicinity of an Iron and Steel factory in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The aim of the study was to document the plant species composition (biodiversity) of the plant communities found within the 350 m perimeter of the facility in the study area, which will serve as a reference data, as there was no reported study for the area prior to the establishment of the factory. Plant species were identified to species level in a 10 x 10 m plot and the occurrence of each species was described in semi-quantitative terms. The vegetation is heterogeneous in nature having 31 species of tree saplings and climbers, 26 of shrubs, 15 of herbaceous plants and 4 of grasses. These 107 plant species belong to forty six (46) plant families. The dominant families included Apocynaceae and Papilionaceae (9 species), Sapindaceae (8 species), Euphorbiaceae (6 species), Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Sterculiaceae and Verbenaceae (4 species). Among the diverse species recorded, Chromolaena odorata formed a ticket in almost all the plots. Other common species included Albizia zygia, Alchornea laxiflora, Aspilia africana, Cnestis ferruginea, Combretum sp., Icacina tricantha, Ipomoea involucrata, Momordica foetida, Panicum maximum, Paullinia pinnata, Simicrata welwitschii and Vigna gracilis. The index of similarity of the plots ranged from 6.1 to 71.8%. The potential and vulnerability of the species were highlighted. Adherence to and enforcement of environmental regulations was recommended for preservation of the native species.

scholarly journals Pollination biology of Cleomella serrulata and Polanisia dodecandra in a protected natural prairie in southern Alberta, Canada

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 745-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Higuera-Díaz ◽  
Jessamyn S. Manson ◽  
Jocelyn C. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Pollination Systems ◽  
Generalist Pollination

Flowering plants that attract a diverse range of pollinators represent a generalist pollination system. Studying these plants provides valuable information about accessibility of floral resources to pollinators, which is particularly important in areas where scarcity of flowers limits pollinator populations. Here, we describe the flowering phenology, reproductive biology, and visitor community of Cleomella serrulata (Pursh) Roalson & J.C.Hall and Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC., two native species with generalist pollination systems and limited distribution in Albertan prairies. Although their flowers are similar, they differ in traits such as petal colour, inflorescence size, and nectar display. Both species were facultatively cross-pollinated and exhibited nocturnal anthesis but differed in nectar production patterns. Cleomella serrulata produced highest nectar volume in the morning and highest sugar concentration at noon, while Polanisia dodecandra produced highest nectar volume before noon but sugar concentrations were higher at sunset. We observed 150 insect taxa visiting the plants, with Hymenoptera and Diptera as the most frequent visitors for Cleomella serrulata and Polanisia dodecandra, respectively. We recorded the first nocturnal flower visitors for Cleomella serrulata and the first record of Nysson plagiatus (Cresson) for Alberta. Both plant species present effective nectar and pollen resources for pollinators at the study sites and may be useful in the maintenance of native pollinators in at-risk prairie ecosystems.

Are diel patterns of nectar production and anthesis associated with other floral traits in plants visited by potential bird and mammal pollinators?

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Saffer
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Pollination Syndromes ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Diel Patterns ◽  
Pollen Presentation ◽  
Pollination Systems

Plants pollinated predominantly by vertebrates are thought to have suites of floral traits (e.g.�colour, conspicuousness, odour) that favour either birds or mammals, with brightly coloured, conspicuous flowers associated with birds and drab, concealed flowers with non-flying mammals. This study examined two other floral traits, diel patterns of nectar production and pollen presentation (anthesis). It would be expected that these would be nocturnal in putatively mammal-pollinated plants and diurnal in bird-pollinated plants. In four Banksia and two Dryandra species, all known to be visited by honeyeater birds and small marsupials at one site in south-western Australia, there was no clear correspondence between visual cues and diel patterns of resource presentation. This lack of correlation between floral traits does not support the idea of specialised pollination syndromes, but rather is consistent with generalised pollination systems.

Grazing and fire in two subalpine peatlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith L. McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Salix Cinerea ◽  
Burnt Areas

The floristic composition and structure of peatland vegetation in adjoining subalpine catchments of the Bogong High Plains (north-eastern Victoria) were monitored between 1979 and 2006. Grazing by cattle had been excluded from one catchment since 1946, when it was fenced. Peatland vegetation in both catchments was partially burnt in a wildfire in 2003. Between 1979 and 1999, in the ungrazed peatland, the cover of Sphagnum cristatum Hampe and Baeckea gunniana Schauer increased and the cover of pools decreased, whereas in the grazed peatland the cover of B. gunniana and Epacris paludosa R.Br. decreased and the cover of Empodisma minus (Hook.f.) L.A.S.Johnson & D.F.Cutler increased. The cover of all recorded species decreased following a fire in 2003. Between 2004 and 2006, a significant increase in cover was detected in two of eight species measured in burnt areas. In burnt areas, the number of native species per quadrat increased in the grazed peatland and the numbers of exotic species per quadrat increased in both peatlands over that period. By 2006, the peatlands had largely recovered floristically from the 2003 fires but it is likely to be decades before the cover of S. cristatum and Richea continentis B.L.Burtt. reaches pre-fire levels. Control of several exotic species that established after the fire (especially Salix cinerea L. and Juncus spp.) may be required.

How grassland plants are distributed over five human-created habitats typical of eucalypt woodlands in a variegated landscape

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. McIntyre ◽  
K. M. Heard ◽  
T. G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Grassland Plants ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Eucalypt Woodlands ◽  
National Significance

A sample of 212 quadrats in grassland vegetation was collected in eucalypt woodlands in sub-tropical Queensland. These included roadside (53 sites), native pasture (109), riparian zone (20), sown pasture (16) and crop (14) habitats. A total of 350 species and subspecies was recorded of which 89 species were identified as being locally rare (native species of <3% frequency, not specialists of other habitats). Forty-three species were collected in addition to the quadrat records. Multivariate analysis indicated the major difference in floristic composition was between roadsides and native pastures, versus the other three habitats. The second axis separated roadside from native pasture vegetation, and the third axis separated riparian sites from all the rest. Crop and sown pasture habitats were the most similar in composition. The grazing practices in this region have enabled the persistence of grasslands that are of national significance in conservation terms. The variegated nature of the landscape is demonstrated by the occurrence of native grassland species across all the human-created habitats, including native species that were unique to intensive land uses. However, our results also show that intensive land uses (cropping, sown pastures) are more of a threat to the conservation status of grasslands than is cattle grazing, even at commercial levels of stocking. Species at most immediate risk are those that are sensitive to commercial cattle grazing and to intensive land uses such as crops and sown pastures.

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