scholarly journals Application of GC in the Analysis of Carbohydrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Gahayth Mohammed Gahayth ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Active Hydrogen ◽  
Acylation Reaction ◽  
High Polarity

In the mid-1970s and before, Gas Chromatography was the leading technique for analysing carbohydrates in foods until when HPLC start to dominate. Never the less, GC still offers advantages for many applications of food technologists in carbohydrates. The efficiency of the detection of these molecules is reduced as a result of the high polarity and un-volatility of sugars. To overcome these problems, the sugars can be derivative by removing the active hydrogen such as -OH, consequently increasing volatility and improving detectability. Acylation reaction is the most commonly used method of derivatization.

Evaluation of Gas Chromatography Stationary Phases Based on Morpholinium Ionic Liquids by McReynolds Constants and Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1660-1670
Author(s):  
Kateryna Yavir ◽  
Łukasz Marcinkowski ◽  
Adam Kloskowski ◽  
Jacek Namieśnik
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Alkyl Substituent ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kováts Indices ◽  
High Polarity

Abstract In this work, four ionic liquids (ILs) based on the N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium cation ([Mor1,R], in which R = 2, 4, 8, or 10) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion were synthesized. Using GLC, a number of parameters describing the sorption properties of the investigated ILs were determined. The values of Kovats indices, McReynolds constants, and activity coefficients at infinite dilution were the basis for the evaluation of intermolecular interactions. The effect of the chain length of the alkyl substituent in the cation, which was used to modify their polarity, has been discussed. Comparison of the characteristics of the investigated IL-based stationary phases with commercially available ones allowed for the statement that the investigated ILs were more polar. The tested ILs had a relatively high polarity. Increasing the length of the alkyl chain in the morpholinium ring reduced polarity. ILs based on the morpholinium cation were tunable in a wide range of their polarity.

scholarly journals Micro-contextual identification of archaeological lipid biomarkers using resin-impregnated sediment slabs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Rodríguez de Vera ◽  
Antonio V. Herrera-Herrera ◽  
Margarita Jambrina-Enríquez ◽  
Santiago Sossa-Ríos ◽  
Jesús González-Urquijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
High Polarity

AbstractCharacterizing organic matter preserved in archaeological sediment is crucial to behavioral and paleoenvironmental investigations. This task becomes particularly challenging when considering microstratigraphic complexity. Most of the current analytical methods rely on loose sediment samples lacking spatial and temporal resolution at a microstratigraphic scale, adding uncertainty to the results. Here, we explore the potential of targeted molecular and isotopic biomarker analysis on polyester resin-impregnated sediment slabs from archaeological micromorphology, a technique that provides microstratigraphic control. We performed gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectromety (GC–IRMS) analyses on a set of samples including drill dust from resin-impregnated experimental and archaeological samples, loose samples from the same locations and resin control samples to assess the degree of interference of polyester resin in the GC–MS and Carbon-IRMS signals of different lipid fractions (n-alkanes, aromatics, n-ketones, alcohols, fatty acids and other high polarity lipids). The results show that biomarkers within the n-alkane, aromatic, n-ketone, and alcohol fractions can be identified. Further work is needed to expand the range of identifiable lipid biomarkers. This study represents the first micro-contextual approach to archaeological lipid biomarkers and contributes to the advance of archaeological science by adding a new method to obtain behavioral or paleoenvironmental proxies.

Gas chromatography of alditol acetates on a high-polarity bonded-phase vitreous-silica column

1982 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony B. Blakeney ◽  
Philip J. Harris ◽  
Robert J. Henry ◽  
Bruce A. Stone ◽  
Trevor Norris
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Vitreous Silica ◽  
Silica Column ◽  
Bonded Phase ◽  
Alditol Acetates ◽  
High Polarity
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