Valproate-Induced “Wet Dog Shakes” – A Reproducible Animal Model of Human Compulsive Behavior : Effect of Antidepressants

AbstractRats treated chronically with the D2/D3, dopamine receptor agonist quinpirole show a pattern of behavior that meets a set of ethologically derived criteria of compulsive behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Moreover, in both quinpirole-treated rats and OCD patients, the structure of compulsive rituals appear similar in being composed of relatively few motor acts that are organized in a flexible yet recurrent manner. In addition, the development of compulsive behavior in quinpirole-treated rats is attenuated by the OCD pharmacotherapeutic drug clomipramine. These similarities support the validity of quinpirole-treated rats as a psychostimulant-induced animal model of OCD. Considering that the induction of compulsive behavior in the rat model involves chronic hyperstimulation of dopamine receptors, this raises the possibility that dopaminergic mechanisms may play a role in OCD, at least in some subtypes of this disorder.

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B.11 - PRAMIPEXOLE DISRUPTS SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN THE CA1 AREA OF THE HIPOCAMPUS OF RATS THAT DEVELOP CONTRAFREELOADING FOR WATER, AN ANIMAL MODEL OF COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR

Behavioural Pharmacology ◽

10.1097/01.fbp.0000434783.03312.07 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. e29

Author(s):

Chiara Schepisi ◽

Sonia Piccinin ◽

Salvatore Simone Doronzio ◽

Annabella Pignataro ◽

Martine Ammassari-Teule ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Synaptic Plasticity ◽

Compulsive Behavior ◽

Ca1 Area

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Effects of the 5HT2C antagonist SB242084 on the pramipexole-induced potentiation of water contrafreeloading, a putative animal model of compulsive behavior

Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00213-012-2938-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 227 (1) ◽

pp. 55-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Chiara Schepisi ◽

Lorenza De Carolis ◽

Paolo Nencini

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Compulsive Behavior

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Continuous amphetamine intoxication: an animal model of the acute psychotic episode

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329170005145x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 751-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Gaylord D. Ellison ◽

Michael S. Eison

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Slow Release ◽

Initial Period ◽

Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽

Psychotic Episode ◽

Amphetamine Administration ◽

Wet Dog Shakes ◽

Gradual Development ◽

Continuous Presence ◽

Dopamine Innervation

SynopsisWhen amphetamines are administered to humans every few hours for several days, either during the ‘speed runs’ of addicts or in controlled laboratory settings, the psychosis which reliably results is similar to paranoid schizophrenia in a number of important aspects. This unique regimen of drug intake, which involves the continuous presence of stimulants over a prolonged period of time, can be simulated in animals using subcutaneously implanted slow-release silicone pellets containing d-amphetamine base. Monkeys and rats implanted with these pellets develop stages of behavioural alterations which are somewhat similar in sequence to those observed in humans who have received frequent doses of amphetamine. An initial period of hyperactivity and exploratory behaviour is followed by the gradual development of motor stereotypies which become virtually incessant. A period of relative inactivity then appears which is followed, at 4–5 days after pellet implantation, by a late stage. This final stage is characterized by ‘wet-dog’ shakes, parasitotic-like grooming episodes, and a variety of other forms of hallucinatory-like behaviour. At about the same time there are distinctive and partially irreversible alterations in dopaminergic innervations of the caudate nucleus, but not in mesolimbic dopamine innervation of the nucleus accumbens or in several other neurotransmitter systems. Continuous amphetamine administration may reproduce some aspects of the prolonged excitation which accompanies an acute psychotic episode and may be a fruitful model for the clarification of the dopamine theory of schizophrenia.

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NS.4.2 - PRAMIPEXOLE DISRUPTS SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN THE CA1 AREA OF THE HIPOCAMPUS OF RATS THAT DEVELOP CONTRAFREELOADING FOR WATER, AN ANIMAL MODEL OF COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR

Behavioural Pharmacology ◽

10.1097/01.fbp.0000434759.60249.88 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. e21

Author(s):

Chiara Schepisi ◽

Sonia Piccinin ◽

Salvatore Simone Doronzio ◽

Annabella Pignataro ◽

Martine Ammassari-Teule ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Synaptic Plasticity ◽

Compulsive Behavior ◽

Ca1 Area

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The role of serotonin in compulsive behavior: an animal model

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/0924-977x(93)90040-s ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 227-228

Author(s):

W.H. Bridger ◽

E. Friedman ◽

E. Yadin

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Compulsive Behavior

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Clomipramine, but not haloperidol or aripiprazole, inhibits quinpirole-induced water contrafreeloading, a putative animal model of compulsive behavior

Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00213-011-2372-7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 218 (4) ◽

pp. 749-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Lorenza De Carolis ◽

Chiara Schepisi ◽

Michele S. Milella ◽

Paolo Nencini

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Compulsive Behavior

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Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100077086 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 702-703

Author(s):

D. J. McComb ◽

J. Beri ◽

F. Zak ◽

K. Kovacs

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Animal Model ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Gonadal Function ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Male And Female ◽

Reticulin Fibers ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

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Electron Microscopic Detection and Characterization of Nonhuman Primate Enteric Viruses

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054145 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 306-307

Author(s):

G. C. Smith ◽

R. L. Heberling ◽

S. S. Kalter

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Animal Model ◽

Nonhuman Primate ◽

Clinical Condition ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Enteric Viruses ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Microscopic Detection

A number of viral agents are recognized as and suspected of causing the clinical condition “gastroenteritis.” In our attempts to establish an animal model for studies of this entity, we have been examining the nonhuman primate to ascertain what viruses may be found in the intestinal tract of “normal” animals as well as animals with diarrhea. Several virus types including coronavirus, adenovirus, herpesvirus, and picornavirus (Table I) were detected in our colony; however, rotavirus, astrovirus, and calicivirus have not yet been observed. Fecal specimens were prepared for electron microscopy by procedures reported previously.

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Neurofilaments and Paired Helical Filaments

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100120357 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 740-743

Author(s):

J. Metuzals

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Posttranslational Modifications ◽

Posttranslational Modification ◽

Giant Axon ◽

Paired Helical Filaments ◽

Squid Giant Axon ◽

In Vitro Experiments ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Structural Relationships

It has been demonstrated that the neurofibrillary tangles in biopsies of Alzheimer patients, composed of typical paired helical filaments (PHF), consist also of typical neurofilaments (NF) and 15nm wide filaments. Close structural relationships, and even continuity between NF and PHF, have been observed. In this paper, such relationships are investigated from the standpoint that the PHF are formed through posttranslational modifications of NF. To investigate the validity of the posttranslational modification hypothesis of PHF formation, we have identified in thin sections from frontal lobe biopsies of Alzheimer patients all existing conformations of NF and PHF and ordered these conformations in a hypothetical sequence. However, only experiments with animal model preparations will prove or disprove the validity of the interpretations of static structural observations made on patients. For this purpose, the results of in vitro experiments with the squid giant axon preparations are compared with those obtained from human patients. This approach is essential in discovering etiological factors of Alzheimer's disease and its early diagnosis.

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