AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO AMBIENTAL NA UTILIZAÇÃO DE TELHADOS VERDES EXTENSIVOS EM ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DO PARANÁ

RESUMO: Em um contexto onde a arquitetura discute seu papel na busca por um mundo mais sustentável, destaca-se a presença destes aspectos no edifício escolar. No Brasil as condições de projeto e manutenção deste tipo de construção não são as mais adequadas. Dentre os problemas que mais afligem esta tipologia arquitetônica estão às más condições das coberturas, que além de prejudicar sua utilização pelos usuários comprometem a edificação, diminuindo sua vida útil. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é avaliar índices de Energia Embutida EE e emissão de CO2 entre o sistema de cobertura tradicional e o sistema de telhado verde extensivo proposto para substituição das coberturas originalmente implementadas nas escolas da rede pública do Paraná. A pesquisa tem natureza exploratória com aplicação em estudo de caso. Para estes estudos foi utilizada a formatação em planilhas, cuja estratégia é avaliar a substituição das coberturas convencionais por telhados verdes, atendendo orientações da legislação de licitações, administração pública e convênios com a participação de instituições estatais. Os dados de Energia Embutida EE e emissão de CO2 avaliados apontam para a viabilidade na implementação da readequação por telhados verdes extensivos. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é a implementação de uma técnica mais sustentável em edificações públicas escolares podendo inclusive apontar para novas posturas na concepção e execução de obras desta natureza ABSTRACT: In a context where the architecture discusses its role in the search for a more sustainable world, there is the presence of these aspects in the school building. In Brazil design conditions and maintenance of this type of construction are less suitable. Among the problems that afflict most school buildings are to poor coverage, which in addition to discomfort for users to undertake the life of the building. The objective of this research is to evaluate rates of EE embedded energy and CO2 emissions between traditional roofing system and extensive green roof system proposed to replace the covers originally implemented in Paraná public schools. The research is exploratory in nature with application case study. For these studies we used the formatting in spreadsheets, thus meeting guidelines bidding law, public administration and agreements with the participation of state institutions. The strategy is to evaluate through simulation tables, replacing the conventional covers for green roofs. Data assessed in these simulations indicate the feasibility for implementation by readjusting the extensive green roofs, thus using more sustainable technology. It is also observed the feasibility of a standard design change currently in effect.

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Identification of Cost-Optimal Measures for Energy Renovation of Thermal Envelopes in Different Types of Public School Buildings in the City of Valencia

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5108

Author(s):

María Esther Liébana-Durán ◽

Begoña Serrano-Lanzarote ◽

Leticia Ortega-Madrigal

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Public Administration ◽

School Buildings ◽

Regulatory Requirements ◽

Building Stock ◽

Eu Directive ◽

Global Cost ◽

The City ◽

The Eu

In order to achieve the EU emission reduction goals, it is essential to renovate the building stock, by improving energy efficiency and promoting total decarbonisation. According to the 2018/844/EU Directive, 3% of Public Administration buildings should be renovated every year. So as to identify the measures to be applied in those buildings and obtain the greatest reduction in energy consumption at the lowest cost, the Directive 2010/31/EU proposed a cost-optimisation-based methodology. The implementation of this allowed to carry out studies in detail in actual scenarios for the energy renovation of thermal envelopes of public schools in the city of Valencia. First, primary school buildings were analysed and classified into three representative types. For each type, 21 sets of measures for improving building thermal envelopes were proposed, considering the global cost, in order to learn about the savings obtained, the repayment term for the investment made, the percentage reduction in energy consumption and the level of compliance with regulatory requirements. The result and conclusions will help Public Administration in Valencia to draw up an energy renovation plan for public building schools in the city.

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The biodiversity of temperate extensive green roofs – a review of research and practice

Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1080/15659801.2015.1091190 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (1-2) ◽

pp. 44-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Christine Thuring ◽

Gary Grant

Keyword(s):

Green Roof ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Ecological Design ◽

Ecological Research ◽

Extensive Green Roof ◽

Research And Practice ◽

Climatic Regions ◽

History Of ◽

Research To Policy ◽

Extensive Green Roofs

From its beginnings in Germany in the twentieth century, a thriving extensive green roof industry has become established in many countries in temperate climates. Based upon the success of the industry, and with an expectation that this technology will be adopted in other climates, this review of the ecological research of extensive green roofs aims to evaluate the application of this knowledge. The modern extensive green roof is the product of research in the 1970s by German green roof pioneers; the selection of suitable species from analogue habitats led to green roof vegetation dominated by drought tolerant taxa. The commercial success of extensive green roof systems can be attributed to engineering and horticultural research, to policy mechanisms in some places, and to a market that encourages innovation, and the origins in ecological design are now easily overlooked. Some of the work reviewed here, including the classification of spontaneous roof vegetation into plant communities, is not widely known due to its confinement to the German literature. By re-visiting the history of the extensive green roof and reviewing the ecological research that has contributed to our understanding of it, the intention is, for this paper, to inform those considering green roofs in other climatic regions, to apply an ecologically informed approach in using local knowledge for developing installations that are suited to the bioregion in which they occur. Finally the paper considers some future directions for research and practice.

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Applications of Extensive Green-roof Systems in Contributing to Sustainable Development in Densely Populated Cities: a Hong Kong Study

Construction Economics and Building ◽

10.5130/ajceb.v11i1.1751 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 15-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vivian W. Y. Tam ◽

Xiaoling Zhang ◽

Winnie Lee ◽

LY Shen

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Current Practice ◽

Green Roof ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Existing Building ◽

Extensive Green Roof ◽

High Rise ◽

Urban Greenery ◽

Extensive Green Roofs

Developed cities such as Hong Kong are usually densely populated. Since the land is limited, high-rise buildings are constructed. When the building height becomes higher, air flow is reduced and heat is trapped among high-rise buildings. Air temperature will be greatly increased and air pollution becomes a serious problem. This creates a walled building problem. To reduce air temperature caused by the wall-effects, various methods have been developed in the previous studies. One typical method is the use of green roof systems. The application of extensive green roofs on the existing building rooftops has been recommended in Hong Kong since 2001. The advantage of this practice is that no additional floor area is required and it can also improve urban greenery. Although a green roof system has been introduced and adopted in Hong Kong since 2001, the emphasis is mainly given to the application of intensive green roofs for podium garden instead of extensive green roofs. It is considered valuable and necessary of the extensive green roofs for the buildings. This paper investigates the current practice of using extensive green roofs in Hong Kong. The constraints in applying extensive green roofs are investigated, which leads to studying the solutions for mitigating these constraints and improving the future development of the implementation.

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The GREENROOF module (v7.3) for modelling green roof hydrological and energetic performances within TEB

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-6-1941-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 1941-1960 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

C. S. de Munck ◽

A. Lemonsu ◽

R. Bouzouidja ◽

V. Masson ◽

R. Claverie

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Green Roof ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Model Interaction ◽

Drainage Layer ◽

Extensive Green Roof ◽

Hydrological Characteristics ◽

Drainage Layers ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The need to prepare cities for climate change adaptation requests the urban modeller community to implement sustainable adaptation strategies within their models to be tested against specific city morphologies and scenarios. Greening city roofs is part of these strategies. In this context, the GREENROOF module for TEB (town energy balance) has been developed to model the interactions between buildings and green roof systems at the scale of the city. This module, which combines the ISBA model (Interaction between Soil Biosphere and Atmosphere) and TEB, allows for one to describe an extensive green roof composed of four functional layers (vegetation – grasses or sedums; substrate; retention/drainage layers; and artificial roof layers) and to model vegetation-atmosphere fluxes of heat, water and momentum, as well as the hydrological fluxes throughout the substrate and the drainage layers, and the thermal fluxes throughout the natural and artificial layers of the green roof. TEB-GREENROOF (SURFEX v7.3) should therefore be able to represent the impact of climate forcings on the functioning of green roof vegetation and, conversely, the influence of the green roof on the local climate. An evaluation of GREENROOF is performed for a case study located in Nancy (France) which consists of an instrumented extensive green roof with sedums and substrate and drainage layers that are typical of this kind of construction. After calibration of the drainage layer hydrological characteristics, model results show good dynamics for the substrate water content and the drainage at the green roof base, with nevertheless a tendency to underestimate the water content and overestimate the drainage. This does not impact too much the green roof temperatures, which present a good agreement with observations. Nonetheless GREENROOF tends to overestimate the soil temperatures and their amplitudes, but this effect is less important in the drainage layer. These results are encouraging with regard to modelling the impact of green roofs on thermal indoor comfort and energy consumption at the scale of cities, for which GREENROOF will be running with the building energy version of TEB – TEB-BEM. Moreover, with the green roof studied for GREENROOF evaluation being a type of extensive green roof widespread in cities, the type of hydrological characteristics highlighted for the case study will be used as the standard configuration to model extensive green roof impacts at the scale of cities.

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Moisture Content of Extensive Green Roof Substrate and Growth Response of 15 Temperate Plant Species during Dry Down

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.46.3.518 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 518-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jennifer M. Bousselot ◽

James E. Klett ◽

Ronda D. Koski

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Plant Species ◽

Green Roof ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Herbaceous Species ◽

Extensive Green Roof ◽

Dry Down ◽

Porous Soils ◽

Extensive Green Roofs

Success of extensive green roof vegetation depends primarily on associated plant species' ability to survive the low moisture content of the substrate. As a result of the well-drained nature of the substrate, plants adaptable to dry, porous soils are primarily used in extensive green roof applications. Although Sedum species have dominated the plant palette for extensive green roofs, there is growing interest in expanding the plant list for extensive green roof systems. To effectively select suitable plants, species need to be evaluated in terms of their response to gradual and prolonged dry down of the substrate. A study to determine the relative rates of dry down for 15 species was conducted in greenhouse trials. During dry downs that extended over 5 months, the substrate of succulent and herbaceous species dried down at different rates. The change in moisture content of the substrate was not consistent among succulent and herbaceous plant species during the initial 18 d of dry down. Despite differences in rate of dry down, the succulent species, as a group, maintained viable foliage for over five times longer than the herbaceous species. The revival rates of the succulent species were nearly double those of the herbaceous species. Therefore, not only are succulent species more likely to survive during periods of drought, but these species are more likely to resume growth soon after water is again made available.

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Measurement of the runoff coefficient of extensive greenroof

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1209/1/012034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1209 (1) ◽

pp. 012034

Author(s):

J Vystrčil ◽

O Nespešný ◽

K Šuhajda ◽

D Bečkovský ◽

P Selník

Keyword(s):

Boundary Conditions ◽

Experimental Measurement ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Measured Data ◽

Experimental Measurements ◽

Nonlinear Behaviour ◽

Runoff Coefficient ◽

Extensive Green Roof ◽

Method Of Evaluation ◽

Extensive Green Roofs

Abstract Describes the procedure of experimental measurement of the runoff coefficient C, both of individual layers and the entire composition extensive green roofs. Experimental measurements make it possible to determine the reference behaviour of runoff characteristics, namely runoff coefficient C, with emphasis on the simulation of the real behaviour of extensive green roofs. The aim is an elementary description of the structural and physical behaviour of extensive green roofs. For the needs of experimental measurement, the dimensional and shape limits of test specimens are described, the conditions for conditioning of individual specimens, the boundary conditions of execution and individual steps of the experiment. Then is specified the method of evaluation and subsequent verification of measured data. The result of the experimental measurement is the amount of drained water from the tested specimens of the extensive green roof at time t, which shows a nonlinear behaviour. From the set of measured data, it is then possible to predict the behaviour of extensive green roofs in real conditions and to determine the runoff coefficient C of the tested specimens. These data represent reference values for the subsequent design of sub-elements and structures of buildings.

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