scholarly journals Peran Politik dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 232-248
Author(s):  
Moh. Hudi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Asian Nation ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asian Pacific

Indonesia is a developing country which is one of the countries that are members of the group of world countries, including the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Asian Pacific Economic Corporation (APEC), Southeast Asia Association of South East Of Asian Nation (ASEAN) and others. Even though until now the Indonesian state in its level of economic development is not very well established. Even among ASEAN countries, Indonesia is still lagging behind other ASEAN countries. This will hamper Indonesia's growth in the medium and long term if the quality of the economy is not immediately improved.

Sovereignty and Developing Countries: Current Status and Future Prospects at the WTO

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-409
Author(s):  
HANS MAHNCKE
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Powers

Globalization, as evidenced in increased trade, economic development, and the emergence of new global powers, has meant that the world economy has undergone significant changes over the past two decades. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is more than a potent representation of these developments, it is often seen, along with its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), as having enabled the process of globalization. However, there are profound concerns about what lies ahead in an increasingly complex economic and regulatory setting, in particular for developing countries (DCs).

scholarly journals Free Trade Agreements: WTO and ASEAN Implications

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
Jose L. Tongzon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Negotiations ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Asean Countries

The World Trade Organization (WTO) (formerly GATT) was established primarily to achieve free trade across the globe based on the principle of non-discrimination and the process of multilateral trade negotiations. The fact that most countries are members of WTO reflects the worldwide belief in the benefits of a global free trade. Despite its achievements since the first round of multilateral trade negotiations was held, the effectiveness of the process has been called into question. Most WTO members are now proposing new regional trading arrangements (RTAs), such as free trade agreements (FTAs). What implication does these RTAs have for the WTO and ASEAN countries? Should ASEAN countries give regionalism priority over the WTO-based multilateral approach? To answer this questions, this paper will first summarize the motivations behind the formation of RTAs before presenting the merits and demerits of RTAs as an approach to achieve universal free trade and maximize developing countries' welfare. It is argued that despite its inherent limitations it is important for ASEAN countries to remain primarily committed to the principles of WTO and the process of multilateral trade negotiations.

scholarly journals Multilateralism versus Regionalism in Eurasia: Theoretical Reasons of Choosing Sides for Kyrgyzstan

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zamirbek Manasov
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Custom Union ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

This paper asks whether Kyrgyzstan should take part in the newly established Customs Union among Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia or in the World Trade Organization (WTO). From the start of the foundation of the new Customs Union there have been deep discussions among the proponents and opponents of organization. This issue attracted extra attention and interest because the new Customs Union includes non-members of the World Trade Organization such as Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. In Addition, the new Customs Union, unlike previous regional trade agreements, has formed a supranational body –the Custom Union Commission - which will decide on Common External Tariffs. Kyrgyzstan is already a member country of WTO and is going to join the new Customs Union. How will this membership work for Kyrgyzstan in short and long-term period? Will the new Customs Union be substitutive or complementary to the WTO in the development of international trade of Kyrgyzstan? Which side would be more beneficial for Kyrgyzstan: membership to a regional Customs Union or to a multilateral WTO? This paper hopes to answer these main questions. This paper will have five sections. Section one will provide a brief introduction. Section two will analyze the development of regionalism and multilateralism in the region. In section three, theoretical compatibility of regionalism and multilateralism will be discussed. Section four will determine what can be proposed for the current situation of Kyrgyzstan according to selected theoretical literature. Concluding remarks will be given in last section.

WTO Dispute Settlement: Praise and Suggestions for Reform

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Schoenbaum
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Uruguay Round ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Objective Standard ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
The World ◽  
Appeal Process

We have now had three years' experience with the dispute-settlement process of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which came into existence as a result of the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations on 1 January 1995. By any objective standard, this system of dispute settlement is a resounding success. Well over 100 cases have been brought to the WTO, and, as at the end of 1997,25cases had been settled at the consultation stage, 61 were under consultations and 36 were in or beyond the panel-appeal process. The newly created Appellate Body has decided nine cases, the quality of its opinions as well as those of the dispute-settlement panels is generally excellent. Member States of the WTO are complying with the rulings and recommendations adopted by the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO.

scholarly journals The Inconveniences of Transnational Democracy

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
World Trade ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
The World ◽  
Transnational Democracy

Despite some limited moves toward openness and accountability, suprastate policy formation in such bodies as the World Trade Organization remains fundamentally exclusive of individuals within states. This article critiques the “don't kill the goose” arguments commonly offered in defense of such exclusions. It highlights similarities between those arguments and past arguments for elitist forms of democracy, where strict limitations are advocated on the participation of nonelites in the name of allowing leaders to act most effectively in the broad public interest. Advocated here is movement toward a strongly empowered WTO parliamentary body that would be guided in practice by a principle of democratic symmetry, attempting to match input to the increasing impacts of WTO governance. A parliament with codecision powers broadly similar to those of the European Parliament is offered as a long-term institutional ideal.

scholarly journals LABOUR AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: TOWARDS A RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LINKAGE DISCOURSE

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUKE L ARNOLD
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Title Page ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Right

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>As the World Trade Organization approaches its ten-year anniversary, the long-discussed issue of linking the right to trade with the enforcement of cer- tain labour standards continues to persist. However, the discourse on the is- sue has hit a stalemate of late. In the hope of overcoming the stalemate and moving toward effective solutions on the issue, this paper explains and ex- amines four types of “conceptual differentiations” that currently underpin a significant portion of the labour linkage discourse. The “conceptual differ- entiations” examined are trade/non-trade; north/south; liberalisa- tion/protectionism; economic development/poverty; consumption/ production; universalist/relativist; WTO/ILO; and sanctions/welfare. A pol- icy proposal for further discussion on the issue is then presented, based on </span></p><p><span>a re-conceptualisation of the “conceptual differentiations” discussed</span><span>.] </span></p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Development and management of government human resources: A shortcut to economic development

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Bin Song
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Development And Management

To strengthen the overall developmen and management of government human resources is not only of vital importance to the development of China's government and nation, but also plays an important role in meeting the nees of digital development and management after China's entry into the World Trade Organization. Therefore, beginning with the transformation from government personnel administrtion to a philosophy pursuing the development of government human resources, this article discusses the peculiarities, the contents, the trends of development, and the construction of twenty informational Lcoal Area Networks.

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