Near-Ground-Based Optical Plant Phenology Measurements at China Ecological Meteorology Sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasheng Yang ◽  
Shilin Cui ◽  
Benzhi Zhang ◽  
Dongli Wu ◽  
Yong Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Plant Phenology ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Meteorological Observation ◽  
Phenological Model ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Observation Network

<p><strong>Abstract</strong> Climate change is a hot issue in the global scale. The some varieties of phenological phase of plants (trees, grasslands and crops et al.) can directly and objectively reflected climate change and Commonly, the response of plant phenology to climate change is sensitive, especially to climatic factors such as precipitation, temperature, soil characteristics in the growing environment, and sometimes can be considered as an indicator of climate change. Those meteorology and soil factors must be taken into account when we build phenological model so as to quantitatively study the relationship between climate change and plant phenology. Beside of those factors, the high frequency and multi-scale acquisition of phenological observation data is also the basis for phenological model researches. Since February of 2020, China Meteorological Administration (CMA) has established 25 vegetation ecological observation sites in Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Shaanxi, Hebei, Sichuan, Guangxi, Fujian and Anhui provinces. The automatic vegetation eco-meteorological observation instruments, whichi are composed of image sensor (digital camera), multispectral sensor, laser altimeter, point cloud laser radar and sound sensor, have been installed in the sites. They can provide so much products as image of plant community, normal difference vegetation index (NDVI), plant height, canopy height and animal sound at present. Of all these products, image data of plant community can be further retrieved to generate the greenness chromatic coordinate (Gcc) data, which can be widely applied into the phenological studies and the validations of satellite terrestrial vegetation products. After months of experimental operation, these equipments show the great ability to monitor the growth and development of terrestrial plants in China. This ability also lays a foundation for the establishment of the plant ecological observation network in China (China Vegetation Ecological Meteorological Observation Network).</p><p><strong>KEYWORDS</strong>：Plant phenology, near-surface-based measurement, observation network</p>

scholarly journals High-Resolution Urban Observation Network for a User-Specific Meteorological Information Service in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon-Soo Park ◽  
Sung-Hwa Park ◽  
Jung-Hoon Chae ◽  
Min-Hyeok Choi ◽  
Yunyoung Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Meteorological Observation ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Quality Check ◽  
Meteorological Models

Abstract. To improve our knowledge of urban meteorology, including those processes applicable to high-resolution meteorological models in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, a Weather Information Service Engine urban meteorological observation system network (UMS-Seoul) has been designed and installed. The network incorporates 14 surface energy balance (EB) systems, 7 surface-based 3-dimensional meteorological observation (3D) systems, and applied meteorological observation (AP) systems, as well as the existing surface-based meteorological observation network. The EB system consists of a radiation balance system, sonic anemometers, infrared CO2/H2O gas analyzers, and many sensors to measure wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, precipitation, and air pressure, etc. The EB-produced radiation, meteorological, and turbulence data will be used to quantify the surface energy balance according to land use, and improve the boundary layer and surface processes in meteorological models. The 3D system, composed of wind lidar, a microwave radiometer, an aerosol lidar, or a ceilometer, produces vertical profiles of backscatter by aerosols or water vapor, cloud height, wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity, and liquid water content. It will be used for high-resolution reanalysis data based on observations as well as for improvement of the boundary layer, radiation, and microphysics processes in meteorological models. The AP system includes road weather information, mosquito activity, and water quality observation instruments. The standardized metadata for networks and stations are documented and renewed periodically to provide a detailed observation environment. The UMS-Seoul data are designed to support real-time acquisition, as well as display and automatically quality check the data within 10 minutes of observation. After the quality check, data can be distributed to relevant potential users such as researchers and policy makers.

Toward a Mesoscale Hydrological and Marine Meteorological Observation Network in the South China Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1117-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Dongxiao Wang ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Lili Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Meteorological Observation ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Observation Network

Abstract Air–sea interaction in the South China Sea (SCS) has direct impacts on the weather and climate of its surrounding areas at various spatiotemporal scales. In situ observation plays a vital role in exploring the dynamic characteristics of the regional circulation and air–sea interaction. Remote sensing and regional modeling are expected to provide high-resolution data for studies of air–sea coupling; however, careful validation and calibration using in situ observations is necessary to ensure the quality of these data. Through a decade of effort, a marine observation network in the SCS has begun to be established, yielding a regional observatory for the air–sea synoptic system. Earlier observations in the SCS were scarce and narrowly focused. Since 2004, an annual series of scientific open cruises during late summer in the SCS has been organized by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (SCSIO), carefully designed based on the dynamic characteristics of the oceanic circulation and air–sea interaction in the SCS region. Since 2006, the cruise carried a radiometer and radiosondes on board, marking a new era of marine meteorological observation in the SCS. Fixed stations have been established for long-term and sustained records. Observations obtained through the network have been used to study regional ocean circulation and processes in the marine atmospheric boundary layer. In the future, a great number of multi-institutional, collaborative scientific cruises and observations at fixed stations will be carried out to establish a mesoscale hydrological and marine meteorological observation network in the SCS.

scholarly journals High-resolution urban observation network for user-specific meteorological information service in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1575-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon-Soo Park ◽  
Sung-Hwa Park ◽  
Jung-Hoon Chae ◽  
Min-Hyeok Choi ◽  
Yunyoung Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Meteorological Observation ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Observation Systems ◽  
Quality Check ◽  
Meteorological Models

Abstract. To improve our knowledge of urban meteorology, including those processes applicable to high-resolution meteorological models in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), the Weather Information Service Engine (WISE) Urban Meteorological Observation System (UMS-Seoul) has been designed and installed. The UMS-Seoul incorporates 14 surface energy balance (EB) systems, 7 surface-based three-dimensional (3-D) meteorological observation systems and applied meteorological (AP) observation systems, and the existing surface-based meteorological observation network. The EB system consists of a radiation balance system, sonic anemometers, infrared CO2/H2O gas analyzers, and many sensors measuring the wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, precipitation, and air pressure. The EB-produced radiation, meteorological, and turbulence data will be used to quantify the surface EB according to land use and to improve the boundary-layer and surface processes in meteorological models. The 3-D system, composed of a wind lidar, microwave radiometer, aerosol lidar, or ceilometer, produces the cloud height, vertical profiles of backscatter by aerosols, wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity, and liquid water content. It will be used for high-resolution reanalysis data based on observations and for the improvement of the boundary-layer, radiation, and microphysics processes in meteorological models. The AP system includes road weather information, mosquito activity, water quality, and agrometeorological observation instruments. The standardized metadata for networks and stations are documented and renewed periodically to provide a detailed observation environment. The UMS-Seoul data are designed to support real-time acquisition and display and automatically quality check within 10 min from observation. After the quality check, data can be distributed to relevant potential users such as researchers and policy makers. Finally, two case studies demonstrate that the observed data have a great potential to help to understand the boundary-layer structures more deeply, improve the performance of high-resolution meteorological models, and provide useful information customized based on the user demands in the SMA.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OCEANOGRAPHIC MODELING AND OBSERVATION NETWORK (REMO) FOR PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY STUDIES AND OCEAN FORECASTING

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Moreira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Height Anomaly ◽  
The North ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Ocean Forecasting

This paper is concerned with the planning, implementation and some results of the Oceanographic Modeling and Observation Network, named REMO, for Brazilian regional waters. Ocean forecasting has been an important scientific issue over the last decade due to studies related to climate change as well as applications related to short-range oceanic forecasts. The South Atlantic Ocean has a deficit of oceanographic measurements when compared to other ocean basins such as the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean. It is a challenge to design an ocean forecasting system for a region with poor observational coverage of in-situ data. Fortunately, most ocean forecasting systems heavily rely on the assimilation of surface fields such as sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) or sea surface temperature (SST), acquired by environmental satellites, that can accurately provide information that constrain major surface current systems and their mesoscale activity. An integrated approach is proposed here in which the large scale circulation in the Atlantic Ocean is modeled in a first step, and gradually nested into higher resolution regional models that are able to resolve important processes such as the Brazil Current and associated mesoscale variability, continental shelf waves, local and remote wind forcing, and others. This article presents the overall strategy to develop the models using a network of Brazilian institutions and their related expertise along with international collaboration. This work has some similarity with goals of the international project Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment OceanView (GODAE OceanView).

Topology detection of a distribution network based on adaptive state observer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yong Xiao ◽  
Yonggang Zeng ◽  
Yun Zhao ◽  
Yuxin Lu ◽  
Weibin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
State Observer ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
State Observation ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Topology Information ◽  
Adaptive State Observer

The traditional distribution network lacks real-time topology information, which makes the implementation of smart grid complicated. The smart grid needs to monitor and dispatch the grid to maintain the economic and safe operation of the system. In this paper, we propose a topology detection algorithm of the distribution network based on adaptive state observer. Based on the transient dynamic model of the distribution network, the line states of the distribution network are regarded as unknown parameters, a virtual adaptive state observation network is built, and the topology can be inferred by the changes of adaptive state parameters. Finally, the effectiveness of our algorithm is verified by the MATLAB simulation experiments.

scholarly journals A Computational Methodology for the Calibration of Tephra Transport Nowcasting at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Alexandros P. Poulidis ◽  
Atsushi Shimizu ◽  
Haruhisa Nakamichi ◽  
Masato Iguchi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Sakurajima Volcano ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Complementary Strategy ◽  
Physical Quantities ◽  
Do So

Ground-based remote sensing equipment have the potential to be used for the nowcasting of the tephra hazard from volcanic eruptions. To do so raw data from the equipment first need to be accurately transformed to tephra-related physical quantities. In order to establish these relations for Sakurajima volcano, Japan, we propose a methodology based on high-resolution simulations. An eruption that occurred at Sakurajima on 16 July 2018 is used as the basis of a pilot study. The westwards dispersal of the tephra cloud was ideal for the observation network that has been installed near the volcano. In total, the plume and subsequent tephra cloud were recorded by 2 XMP radars, 1 lidar and 3 optical disdrometers, providing insight on all phases of the eruption, from plume generation to tephra transport away from the volcano. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and FALL3D models were used to reconstruct the transport and deposition patterns. Simulated airborne tephra concentration and accumulated load were linked, respectively, to lidar backscatter intensity and radar reflectivity. Overall, results highlight the possibility of using such a high-resolution modelling-based methodology as a reliable complementary strategy to common approaches for retrieving tephra-related quantities from remote sensing data.

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