scholarly journals Post Chemo Lung Toxicity: A Less Visited Domain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Saeed ◽  
Abdul Majid ◽  
Zeenat Adil ◽  
Mahnoor Rehman ◽  
Anisa Sandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Lung Toxicity ◽  
Chemotherapy Cycle ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Anticancer Chemotherapy

Background: Post-anticancer chemotherapy changes in lung parenchyma is an important and challenging aetiology for radiologists presenting not uncommonly in cancer patients. Early diagnosis of post-chemotherapy lung toxicity have serious implications on patient's health.Objective: To evaluate post-chemotherapy cancer patients for pulmonary toxicity and establish their association with frequency of chemotherapy cycles and time lapse since last cycle.Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Kuwait teaching Hospital from January 2018 till December 2018. A total of 204 patients were evaluated with age ranging from 3 to 78 years including 63 male and 141 female patients. Chest CT scan had been done on16 slice Toshiba CT scanner in Radiology department of Kuwait Teaching Hospital. Images were evaluated in axial, coronal and sagittal planes and in lung and soft tissue window on workstation. Data like patient age ,gender , malignancy , number of chemotherapy cycles received , time lapse since last chemotherapy cycle, common CT manifestations of lung toxicity and CT lung findings unrelated to chemotherapy regimens ;was collected and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Out of the total 204 patients, who already had anticancer therapy, 135 patients (66.2%) did not show any pulmonary abnormality on CT chest . 11 patients (5.4%) showed chemotherapy related pulmonary findings on CT. 46 patients (22.5%) showed CT chest findings which were incidental and irrelevant to chemotherapy.12 patients (5.9%) had both chemotherapy related pulmonary toxicity changes and incidental findings. The types of post chemotherapy CT lung changes were divided into ground-glass haze, ground glass haze with bronchiectasis, ground glass haze with septal thickening giving crazy paving appearance, patches of consolidation and reticular thickening. 10 patients had sole finding of ground glass haze only (43.5%) whereas 4 patient showed ground glass haze with bronchiectatic changes(17.4 %) and 2 patients depicted a crazy paving appearance (8.7%). Significant association (p=0.00) was noted between number of chemotherapy cycles and above mentioned CT lung findings .No positive correlation was present between time lapse since last chemotherapy cycle and these CT lung findings. Conclusion: Ground glass attenuation was found to be the most profounding feature of post chemotherapy lung CT changes.

Evaluation of Pulmonary Toxicity Induced by Pepleomycin

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-432
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Villani ◽  
Lionella Pizzini ◽  
Anna Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Lung Toxicity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Preliminary Results

Spirometric parameters and transfer lung factor for carbon monoxide (TLCO) were determined in 14 cancer patients treated with pepleomycin at the dose of 10 mg twice weekly up to the cumulative dose of 200 mg. Mean values recorded after completion of therapy did not significantly differ from those recorded before treatment. Three patients pretreated with bleomycin had a fall in TLCO of more than 20 % of pretreatment values. Three patients (2 of them pretreated with bleomycin) showed radiologic signs of pulmonary toxicity without instrumental signs of lung toxicity. In patients with no risk factors, no significant modifications in the tested parameters were observed after completion of therapy. These preliminary results suggest that, in the absence of risk factors, pepleomycin, may have no significant pulmonary toxicity at least up to the cumulative dose of 200 mg.

scholarly journals Patients and Patients’ Relatives Perception of Cleanliness in Radiology Department of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abacha ◽  
Isah Mustapha Nma ◽  
Sadiq Abubakar Audu ◽  
Abubakar Umar ◽  
Mohammed Dahiru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Examination Room

Background: Cleanliness and dirt are a dichotomy to categorize a particular environment especially hospital settings in which cleanliness pave a great linkage to patient satisfaction on quality of care and reduction of infection. Dirt creates negative thought on the quality of services being rendered to patients in the hospital environment. Objectives: To assess the perception of patients and their relatives on the level of cleanliness in radiology department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto and to determine which amongst the diagnostic rooms is the cleanest (Computed Tomography (CT) room, Routine X-rays room or contrast exams room (fluoroscopy)). Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, 100 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents of which 66 in Routine xray room, 23 in CT suit and 11 in contrast examination room. Out of the 100 questionnaires nine were not returned and the remaining 91 were analysed. The questionnaire contains fifteen statements in total apart from the socio-demographic component. The count of responses was considered and for each type of response (SA, A, N, D, and SD) the percentage were calculated using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Sixty percent of the respondents were patients while 40% were relatives of patients that were critically ill. The modal age range of the respondents was 25-34years, 58% were married, while 48.4% were civil servants. The result of our study shows that the respondents have adequate knowledge on cleanliness with a mean score of 4.3, they perceived radiology department as a clean environment for diagnosis and visitation but need further improvement. According to the findings, CT room was the cleanest (87.0%) followed by contrast examination room 64.0% and routine X-rays room was the least 47.0%. It also revealed that lack of manpower is the cause of inadequate sanitation. Conclusion: Radiology Department in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital is clean and the CT suit is the cleanest.

scholarly journals Improved Survival of Cancer Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between 2002 and 2011 at a U.S. Teaching Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 973-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Martin Sauer ◽  
Jinghui Dong ◽  
Leo Anthony Celi ◽  
Daniele Ramazzotti
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Teaching Hospital

scholarly journals Scatter Radiation Dose Assessment in the Radiology Department of Cape Coast Teaching Hospital-Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
J. Owusu-Banahene ◽  
E. O. Darko ◽  
D. F. Charles ◽  
A. Maruf ◽  
I. Hanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Scatter Radiation ◽  
Radiation Dose Assessment

Sociodemographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of 249 elderly cancer patients seen at the Radiotherapy and Oncology Department, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
SundayAdeyemi Adewuyi ◽  
AdekunleOlanrewaju Oguntayo ◽  
ModupeolaOmotara Adegbemisola Samaila ◽  
ShehuAbubakar Akuyam ◽  
KehindeRoseline Adewuyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics ◽  
Elderly Cancer Patients

The Role of Metabolism in Chemical-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (4_part_1) ◽  
pp. 470-481
Author(s):  
Brian R. Smith ◽  
William R. Brian
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Lung Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Transferase Activity

The lung is a target organ for the toxic effects of several chemical agents, including natural products, industrial chemicals, pesticides, environmental agents, and occasionally, drugs. Factors that establish the lung as a target organ include selective tissue exposure, high tissue oxygenation, and the presence of bioactivating systems that can generate toxic products from initially innocuous substances. Selective pulmonary exposure most often results from the fact that the lung serves as the major portal of entry for most airborne substances, but in some cases, selective exposure is the consequence of accumulation of agents, such as certain basic amines, from the circulation. Lung tumor development following long-term exposure to cigarette smoke or diesel engine exhaust is an example of pulmonary toxicity resulting from selective external exposure. Selective internal exposure, on the other hand, is exemplified by the pulmonary uptake of the herbicide paraquat from the circulation which is in part responsible for its lung-toxic effects. Although the lung contains drug metabolizing enzymes similar to those found in the liver, the enzymatic systems in the lung are sometimes highly concentrated in specific cell types. In the rabbit, for example, the lung-selective toxicity of the natural product ipomeanol is the consequence of relatively large amounts of cytochromes P450 2B1 and 4B1 in nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells (Clara cells) of the terminal airways. These P450 enzymes are highly proficient in vitro at converting ipomeanol to reactive products. Lung tissue contains other enzymic systems which are capable of catalyzing phase I biostransformation pathways (e.g., flavin-containing amine monooxygenase, amine oxidase, and prostaglandin synthase). Examples, however, where pulmonary metabolism by these pathways results in lung toxicity are less numerous than with P450 mediated reactions. Pulmonary prostaglandin H-synthase mediated cooxygenation has been shown to activate procarcinogens such as benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol, aflatoxin B1, and monosubstituted hydrazines. The activities of pulmonary phase II (conjugation) pathways may also contribute to lung toxicity. Low glutathione transferase activity (relative to P450 mediated aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity) in lung tissue has been suggested to correlate with elevated risk of lung cancer in smokers. Other examples of lung-specific toxic agents and possible causative roles of biotransformation are also discussed.

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