scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Risk Factors of Rotavirus Diarrhea: Single Center 5-Year Experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekin Soydan ◽  
İlknur Çağla ◽  
Mine Düzgol ◽  
Hurşit Apa ◽  
İlker Devrim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

Objective: Acute gastroenteritis due to the rotavirus is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children under five years of age. Methods: All children between one month and 60 months old ages who were hospitalized in Health Sciences University Behçet Uz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital during September 2013 to August 2017 and diagnosed as acute gastroenteritis with rotavirus antigen test positive in feces were included in the current study. Data of the patients were collected retrospectively from medical records. Results: A total of 100 patients were evaluated.The median age of the patients was 13 months (IQR 5-45 months) and 54 patients were male and 46 were female.The highest hospitalization rate was in December, followed by November, and in October. The most common type of G9P (8) serotype was detected in rotavirus serotype analysis by PCR. Breastfeeding infants had milder clinic findings in comparison to the older ones. It was found that clinical findings were milder and Vesicari score was lower in infants who had breast milk. Vesikari score was found to be high in children with severe clinical findings. Conclusion: Rotavirus infection is important for all ages.In case of fever, increased numbers of vomiting and diarrhea, and higher Vesikari system scores may be associated with the severe clinical forms. Determination of rotavirus serotypes and clinical monitoring of genotypic changes are required.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Epidemiology of Genogroup II Noroviruses in Children with Acute Sporadic Gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2012-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Lu ◽  
Huaqing Zhong ◽  
Menghua Xu ◽  
Liyun Su ◽  
Lingfeng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Paediatric Age

Abstract Background Noroviruses (NoVs) are considered an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups, especially in children under five years of age. We investigated the epidemiology of noroviruses in outpatient children from the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Methods Stool specimens were collected between January 2012 and December 2017 from 1433 children under five years of age with acute gastroenteritis. All samples were analysed by conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for genogroup II NoVs amplifying both the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and partial capsid genes. The Norovirus Genotyping Tool v.2.0 (https://www.rivm.nl/mpf/typingtool/norovirus/) was used for genotyping the strains, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted by MEGA 6.0. Results From 2012 to 2017, GII NoVs were detected in 15.4% (220/1433) of the samples, with the highest detection rate in children aged 7-12 months (19.2%, 143/746). The seasons with the highest prevalence of GII NoVs infection were autumn and winter . Based on genetic analysis of RdRp, GII.Pe (74.5%%, 137/184) was the most predominant RdRp genotype from 2013 to 2017, while GII.P4 played a dominant role in 2012 (55.6%, 21/36). Among the capsid genotypes, the most prevalent NoV genotype from 2012 to 2017 was GII.4 (73.6%, 162/220). On the basis of genetic analysis of RdRp and capsid sequences, the strains were clustered into 19 RdRp/capsid genotypes, and 12 of them were discordant, such as GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.Pe/GII.3, and GII.P16/GII.2. Starting with 2013, GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012 had completely replaced the pandemic GII.P4-2006b/GII.4-2006b subtype and was detected in children across all age groups. Conclusions The present study shows high detection rates and the genetic diversity of circulating NoV GII genotypes in paediatric AGE samples from Shanghai. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of emerging NoV strains.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Epidemiology of Genogroup II Noroviruses in Children with Acute Sporadic Gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2012-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Lu ◽  
Huaqing Zhong ◽  
Menghua Xu ◽  
Liyun Su ◽  
Lingfeng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Paediatric Age

Abstract Background Noroviruses (NoVs) are considered an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups, especially in children under five years of age. We investigated the epidemiology of noroviruses in outpatient children from the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Methods Stool specimens were collected between January 2012 and December 2017 from 1433 children under five years of age with acute gastroenteritis. All samples were analysed by conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for genogroup II NoVs amplifying both the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and partial capsid genes. The Norovirus Genotyping Tool v.2.0 (https://www.rivm.nl/mpf/typingtool/norovirus/) was used for genotyping the strains, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted by MEGA 6.0. Results From 2012 to 2017, GII NoVs were detected in 15.4% (220/1433) of the samples, with the highest detection rate in children aged 7-12 months (19.2%, 143/746). The seasons with the highest prevalence of GII NoVs infection were autumn and winter . Based on genetic analysis of RdRp, GII.Pe (74.5%%, 137/184) was the most predominant RdRp genotype from 2013 to 2017, while GII.P4 played a dominant role in 2012 (55.6%, 21/36). Among the capsid genotypes, the most prevalent NoV genotype from 2012 to 2017 was GII.4 (73.6%, 162/220). On the basis of genetic analysis of RdRp and capsid sequences, the strains were clustered into 19 RdRp/capsid genotypes, and 12 of them were discordant, such as GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.Pe/GII.3, and GII.P16/GII.2. Starting with 2013, GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012 had completely replaced the pandemic GII.P4-2006b/GII.4-2006b subtype and was detected in children across all age groups. Conclusions The present study shows high detection rates and the genetic diversity of circulating NoV GII genotypes in paediatric AGE samples from Shanghai. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of emerging NoV strains. Keywords: Norovirus, RdRp/capsid genotypes, Epidemiology, Children, Acute gastroenteritis

Clinical predictors of malaria and other febrile illnesses in children under five on Pemba Island, Tanzania

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Yacoub ◽  
Mohammed Juma Mohammed ◽  
Mahdi Ramsan ◽  
Marco Albonico
Keyword(s):  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Presumptive Treatment ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Clinical Algorithms

Under the current guidelines of presumptive treatment of all children with reported fever, the risk of over-prescribing antimalarial drugs and missing other important causes of fever, like acute respiratory tract infection (ARI), is substantial. Clinical algorithms have been shown to be useful in diagnosing malaria, but often with differing results, due to regional variations. We set out to explore the clinical features associated with malaria compared with other febrile illnesses and specifically severe malaria with ARI in children under five in Pemba. Two hundred and seven children aged six months to five years presenting to a hospital clinic with fever were studied in Pemba. Clinical findings were related to the presence of malaria parasitaemia. Malaria accounted for 67.7% of the febrile episodes investigated. Five symptoms and signs, including pallor, drowsiness, splenomegaly, fever duration and no chest crackles, could accurately predict a case of malaria with a sensitivity of 91.3% and specificity of 53% and positive predictive value of 80.3%. Several clinical features were found to differentiate severe malaria from ARI. These results confirm that clinical algorithms can increase the diagnostic accuracy of malaria, although not sufficiently to replace microscopy, and by promoting the use of clinical skills other treatable causes of febrile illnesses may be identified. These findings could have implications in optimizing treatment and malaria control in children on Pemba.

Exclusive History Of Asi With Stunting Events In A Childhood

Academia Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elma Nur Alfian ◽  
Cholifah
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
The Public ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Method

Stunting is a condition in which a toddler’s growth and development does not match hias age. Meanwhile, exclusive breastfeeding without adding or replacing it with other foods or drinks given to babies from birth to 6 monts of age. The incidence prevalence data in Sidoarjo, precisely in Terik village, is (0,8%) of the 226 children under five who are stunting. This shows the hugh incidence of stunting in Terik Village, so it is necessary to carry out further studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the history of exclusive breasfeeding with the incidence of stunting in children under five.The research design used is a descriptive method and a questionnaire data collection instrument. The total population of 20 chidren under five who participated in the posyandu in Terik village was the subject of the study. Data presented in the form of frequency distribution tables and analyzed descriptively without statistical tests.The result showed that majority (55%) of children under five were not exclusively breastfed, a small proportion (10%) of children under five at the Posyandu as Terik villagewere stunted. Toddlers who are exclusively breastfed are not stunted (100%) more than those who are not exclusively breastfed (81,8%).The conclusion of this study is that children who are exclusively breastfed are not stunted more than those who are not exclusively breastfed, suggest that health workers provide health information or socialization to the public for early stunting prevention.

scholarly journals PO 8524 MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF THE NOROVIRUS STRAINS RESPONSIBLE FOR ACUTE DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD HOSPITALISED IN BRAZZAVILLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A49.2-A49
Author(s):  
Vivaldie E Mikounou Louya ◽  
Félix Koukouikila-Koussounda ◽  
Christevy Vouvoungui ◽  
Simon Ch. Kobawila ◽  
Francine Ntoumi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Triple Infection ◽  
The Difference

BackgroundAcute gastroenteritis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years old worldwide. Viruses are the most common responsible agent and norovirus is second after rotavirus. There is no published data on the occurrence of this agent in Brazzaville. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of norovirus infection and’to evaluate the risk factors in hospitalised children in Brazzaville, Congo.MethodsFrom June 2012 to June 2013, stool samples were collected from children under five years old hospitalised with acute gastroenteritis at Makelekele hospital. Rotavirus and adenovirus infections were already characterised in this population. A total of 545 samples were tested for GI and GII norovirus infections using nested duplex reverse-transcription–polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. The positive samples will be sequenced and analysed to determine the corresponding genotype.ResultsThe GI and GII norovirus infection were found in 148 samples (27, 14%) in this study. Males (28, 85%) were more infected than females (25%) but the difference was not significant. Norovirus infection was detected only in children under 24 months with a higher prevalence in the age group of 7–12 months (p value=0,048). The norovirus infection was detected throughout the year, but it peaked during the dry season (August-September). Dual infection of rotavirus and norovirus was detected in 65 cases (11, 9%), rotavirus-adenovirus in 8 cases (1, 5%), norovirus-adenovirus in 4 cases (0, 73%). Triple infection was detected in 3 cases (0, 55%).ConclusionThis study suggests that norovirus infection is the second cause of gastroenteritis after rotavirus in the study area. However, further surveillance investigations need to be pursued in other sentinel sites of the country.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Rotavirus diarrhea in children under five: A hospital-based surveillance in Jakarta

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzal Kadim ◽  
Yati Soenarto ◽  
Badriul Hegar ◽  
Agus Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Rota Virus ◽  
Prospective Surveillance ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Clear Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

Background Rotavirus is still a major cause of acute diarrhea in children around the world, both in developed and developingcountries. WHO Surveillance from 2001 to 2008 showed that in children under five years of age treated for acute diarrhea, on average 40% of cases were caused by rotavirus. A previous study in Indonesia showed that the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in children ranged from 20%􀁑60% of diarrhea cases. However, there have been few studies identifying the genotypes of rotavirus strains in Indonesia. This infonnation is indispensable for manufacturing vaccines.Objective To examine the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea, including genotypes and clinical characteristics, in children under five years who were hospitalized in Jakarta.Methods This study was a prospective surveillance conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta from January to December 2007 investigating hospitalized children under five years of age who suffered from acute diarrhea.Results Ninety􀁑nine patients joined the study. The incidence of rotavirus infection in this study was 67%. The youngest was 2months of age and the oldest 54 months of age, Mth an average age of 13.6 months. As much as 92% of rota virus diarrhea was found in subjects aged 3􀁑23 months, Mth a peak age of 12􀁑23 months. Nutritional status, degree of dehydration, bloating, fever, blood in stool, and mucus in the feces were not significantly different between rotavirus and non􀁑rotavirus diarrhea. Vomiting tended to be more frequently experienced by children Mth rotavirus diarrhea than those with non􀁑rotavirus (88% vs. 67%). There was no clear, seasonal pattern for rotavirus diarrhea. Most G genotypes in this study were G1 (35%), G9 (12.5%), G2 (7.5%) and the majority of P genotypes were P6 (52.5%), P8 (17.5%) and P4 (10%).Conclusions The incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children under five years of age in Jakarta was 67%, with apredominance ofG1, G9 and G2 genotypes. 

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Epidemiology of Norovirus in Children with acute sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2012-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Lu ◽  
Huaqing Zhong ◽  
Menghua Xu ◽  
Liyun Su ◽  
Lingfeng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
High Detection

Abstract Background Noroviruses are considered the important causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups especially in children under five years. We investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of norovirus in outpatient children from Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Methods A total of 1433 stool specimens were collected from children under five years with acute gastroenteritis between January 2012 and December 2017. All the samples were analyzed by conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for genogroup II targeting both the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and partial capsid genes. Norovirus Genotyping Tool v.2.0 (https://www.rivm.nl/mpf/typingtool/norovirus/) was used for genotyping strains, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted by MEGA 6.0. Results During 2012 to 2017, NoVs were detected in 15.4% (220/1433) of the samples, with high detection rate in children aged 7-12 months (19.2%, 143/746) and in September (27.7%, 33/119). Based on genetic analysis of RdRp, GII.Pe (74.5%%, 137/184) was the most predominating RdRp genotype from 2013 to 2017 while GII.P4 played a dominant role in 2012 (55.6%, 21/36). The most prevalent NoVs genotype was GII.4 (73.6%, 162/220) during 2012 to 2017 among the capsid genotypes. According to genetic analysis of RdRp and capsid sequences, the strains were clustered into 19 RdRp/capsid genotypes, and 12 of them were discordant RdRp and capsid genotypes, such as GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.Pe/GII.3, GII.P16/GII.2. GII.Pe/GII.4-Sydney_2012 was completely instead of the pandemic of GII.P4-2006b/GII.4-2006b since 2013 and distributed across all age groups in children. Conclusions The present study shows high detection rates and genetic diversity of circulating NoVs genotypes in paediatric AGE samples from Shanghai. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of emerging NoVs strains.

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