scholarly journals Effect of Backpack Load Influencing the Cardio-Respiratory Changes in Stair Climbing in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Mayura P. Deshmukh ◽  
Tushar J. Palekar ◽  
Mrudula V. Sangaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Backpack Load

Postural and physiological changes are the distinct changes occurring in the adolescence which contributes fitness level of a child. The biomechanics of these children are highly affected by load carriage while climbing stairs which results in increase in cardio respiratory responses. Evaluation of the cardio respiratory changes is necessary in curbing further damage. In the study we evaluated the effect of backpack load influencing the cardio respiratory measures in stair climbing adolescents. 100 adolescents subjects aged 13-16 yrs were selected for the study, with graded loading for three consecutive days. Heart rate, rate of perceived exertion and respiratory rate were measured pre and post loading. Values of all the parameters on each day were compared. With increase in load, increase in heart rate, rate of perceived exertion and respiratory rate were significant when compared with progression in load. Although the measure which is highly affected amongst these was heart rate. The backpack with 30% load produces the elevation of variables at a greater extent hence there should be curbing of weight of 30% of adolescent’s body weight. Key words: Adolescence, Backpack load, Rate of Perceived Exertion.

scholarly journals Perceived exertion and heart rate models for estimating metabolic workload in elite British soldiers performing a backpack load-carriage task

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Simpson ◽  
Scott M. Graham ◽  
Geraint D. Florida-James ◽  
Christopher Connaboy ◽  
Richard Clement ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Serial Data ◽  
Backpack Load

Identifying field measures to estimate backpack load-carriage work intensity in elite soldiers is of interest to the military. This study developed rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate models to define metabolic workload for a backpack load-carriage task valid for a population of elite soldiers using serial data. Male soldiers (n = 18) from the British Parachute or Special Air Service Regiment completed an incremental treadmill walking and (or) running protocol while carrying a 20-kg backpack. Heart rate, RPE, and oxygen uptake were recorded at each incremental stage of the protocol. Linear mixed models were used to model the RPE and heart rate data in the metric of measured peak oxygen uptake. Workload was accurately estimated using RPE alone (SE = 6.03), percentage of estimated maximum heart rate (%E-MHR) (SE = 6.9), and percentage of measured maximum heart rate (%M-MHR) (SE = 4.9). Combining RPE and %E-MHR resulted in a field measure with an accuracy (SE = 4.9) equivalent to the %M-MHR model. We conclude that RPE, %E-MHR, and %M-MHR provide accurate field-based proxy measures of metabolic workload in elite British soldiers performing a backpack load-carriage task. The model is accurate for the metabolic range measured by these serial data for the backpack load-carriage task.

scholarly journals Quantifying Accelerations and Decelerations in Elite Women Soccer Players during Regular In-Season Training as an Index of Training Load

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Tom Douchet ◽  
Allex Humbertclaude ◽  
Carole Cometti ◽  
Christos Paizis ◽  
Nicolas Babault
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Soccer Training ◽  
Stress Fatigue

Accelerations (ACC) and decelerations (DEC) are important and frequent actions in soccer. We aimed to investigate whether ACC and DEC were good indicators of the variation of training loads in elite women soccer players. Changes in the training load were monitored during two different selected weeks (considered a “low week” and a “heavy week”) during the in-season. Twelve elite soccer women playing in the French first division wore a 10-Hz Global Positioning System unit recording total distance, distance within speed ranges, sprint number, ACC, DEC, and a heart rate monitor during six soccer training sessions and rated their perceived exertion (RPE). They answered the Hooper questionnaire (sleep, stress, fatigue, DOMS) to get an insight of their subjective fitness level at the start (Hooper S) and at the end of each week (Hooper E). A countermovement jump (CMJ) was also performed once a week. During the heavy week, the training load was significantly greater than the low week when considering number of ACC >2 m·s−2 (28.2 ± 11.9 vs. 56.1 ± 10.1, p < 0.001) and number of DEC < −2 m·s−2 (31.5 ± 13.4 vs. 60.9 ± 14.4, p < 0.001). The mean heart rate percentage (HR%) (p < 0.05), RPE (p < 0.001), and Hooper E (p < 0.001) were significantly greater during the heavy week. ACC and DEC showed significant correlations with most outcomes: HR%, total distance, distance per min, sprint number, Hooper index of Hooper E, DOMS E, Fatigue E, RPE, and session RPE. We concluded that, for elite women soccer players, quantifying ACC and DEC alongside other indicators seemed to be essential for a more complete training load monitoring. Indeed, it could lead to a better understanding of the reasons why athletes get fatigued and give insight into neuromuscular, rather than only energetic, fatigue.

Energetics and Mechanics of Steep Treadmill Versus Overground Pole Walking: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nicola Giovanelli ◽  
Lara Mari ◽  
Asia Patini ◽  
Stefano Lazzer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Pole Walking

Purpose: To compare energetics and spatiotemporal parameters of steep uphill pole walking on a treadmill and overground. Methods: First, the authors evaluated 6 male trail runners during an incremental graded test on a treadmill. Then, they performed a maximal overground test with poles and an overground test at 80% (OG80) of vertical velocity of maximal overground test with poles on an uphill mountain path (length = 1.3 km, elevation gain = 433 m). Finally, they covered the same elevation gain using poles on a customized treadmill at the average vertical velocity of the OG80. During all the tests, the authors measured oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rate of perceived exertion. Results: Treadmills required lower metabolic power (15.3 [1.9] vs 16.6 [2.0] W/kg, P = .002) and vertical cost of transport (49.6 [2.7] vs 53.7 [2.1] J/kg·m, P < .001) compared with OG80. Also, oxygen uptake was lower on a treadmill (41.7 [5.0] vs 46.2 [5.0] mL/kg·min, P = .001). Conversely, respiratory quotient was higher on TR80 compared with OG80 (0.98 [0.02] vs 0.89 [0.04], P = .032). In addition, rate of perceived exertion was higher on a treadmill and increased with elevation (P < .001). The authors did not detect any differences in other physiological measurements or in spatiotemporal parameters. Conclusions: Researchers, coaches, and athletes should be aware that steep treadmill pole walking requires lower energy consumption but same heart rate and rate of perceived exertion than overground pole walking at the same average intensity.

Perceived Exertion during Physical Exercise among Individuals High and Low in Fitness

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios K. Travlos ◽  
Daniel Q. Marisi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Workload Analysis ◽  
Fitness Level

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of fitness level and gradually increased amounts of exercise on individuals' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). 20 men served as paid subjects. They were divided into groups of high (>56 ml/kg/min.) and low fitness (<46 ml/kg/min.) according to their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Participants were required to pedal on a cycle ergometer at a progressively increased workload (every 10 min.) corresponding to 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of individual VO2 max values. Heart rates, RPE, and core temperatures were recorded every 5th minute after the initiation of exercising at a specific workload. Analysis indicated that, when controlling for VO2 max values, elevations of heart rate and core temperature were not affected by fitness. However, highly fit individuals perceived themselves under less exertion than did the group low in fitness. Correlations showed that, taking into consideration fitness, there is a stronger relationship between RPE and heart rate and RPE and core temperature for the highly fit individuals than for the less fit.

scholarly journals Performance and Training Load Profiles in Recreational Male Trail Runners: Analyzing Their Interactions during Competitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8902
Author(s):  
Sérgio Matos ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Rui Silva ◽  
Joel Pereira ◽  
José María Cancela Carral
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Large Correlation ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Trail Running ◽  
And Training

Endurance sports like trail running constitute an extensive individual modality causing numerous physiological changes to occur in the athlete. In this sense, an adequate monitoring of training load appears to be essential to improve competition performance. The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to analyze trail runners’ weekly load variations in the four weeks leading up to a trail running competition, and (ii) to determine the relationship between the runners’ pacing in competitions and their physical fitness and workload parameters. Twenty-five amateur male trail runners (age: 36.23 ± 8.30 years old; minimum International Trail Running Association performance index: 600) were monitored daily for the duration of a season (52 weeks). External load (distance covered, pace) and internal load (rate of perceived exertion) were measured daily. Additionally, weekly workload measures of acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR), training monotony, and training strain were calculated. The runners were also assessed for maximal aerobic speed (MAS) every four months. No significant differences in workload measures (p > 0.05) were observed in the four weeks leading up to each short trail competition; however, leading up to the long trail, ultra-trail medium, and ultra-trail long/extra-long competitions, the differences in the runners’ workload measures were significant (p < 0.05). In the short trail, pace was found to be moderately correlated with the ACWR of total distance (r = −0.334) and with training monotony of rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (r = −0.303). In the ultra-trail, a large correlation was observed between pace and elevation accumulated (r = 0.677). We concluded that significant workload differences from one week to the next only occurred in preparation for longer-distance competitions, with sudden acute load decreases and very low ACWR values reported mainly in weeks 1 and 2 of the taper. Meaningful relationships were found between performance (pace) and MAS for longer trails and between pace and MAS for ultra-trail competitions.

Temperature effects on ventilatory rate, heart rate, and preferred pedal rate during cycle ergometry

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Leweke ◽  
K. Bruck ◽  
H. Olschewski
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Experimental Time ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Pedal Rate ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion

According to the most customary exercise protocols, core temperature (Tc) rises in parallel with workload (WL) and experimental time. Physiological variables, however, may be related to each of these factors. To investigate effects of WL independent of experimental time and body temperature, we employed four moderate WLs in 4-min steps between 35 and 65% peak O2 uptake (VO2 peak) in randomized order. To investigate independent effects of body temperature, the same work protocol was performed both after resting in comfortable ambient temperature [control test (Cont)] and after a double cold exposure [precooling test (Pret)], where Tc and the temperature set point are decreased by approximately 0.6 and 0.3 degrees C, respectively. Eight male subjects (24 +/- 1.9 yr, VO2 peak 4.9 +/- 0.5 l/min) worked on a cycle ergometer in a climatic chamber. Heart rate (HR) and breathing frequency (BF), but not preferred pedal rate (PR), were positively correlated to Tc, the slopes amounting to 17 and 3.75 min-1/degree C for HR and BF, respectively. The regression appeared linear over the whole temperature range, and the regression lines were not shifted by precooling. PR was increased by time, but Pret-Cont differences of PR and Tc were inversely correlated (r = -0.50, P < 0.01). The effects of WL were highly significant on HR, O2 uptake, and rate of perceived exertion but not on BF, PR, and sweat rate. The relation of rate of perceived exertion to HR was shifted by precooling.

The Effects of Caffeine in Women during Aerobic-Dance Bench Stepping

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Ahrens ◽  
Lisa K. Lloyd ◽  
Sylvia H. Crixell ◽  
John L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Aerobic Dance ◽  
Control Body ◽  
And Control

People of all ages and fitness levels participate regularly in aerobic-dance bench stepping (ADBS) to increase fitness and control body weight. Any reasonable method for enhancing the experience or effectiveness of ADBS would be beneficial. This study examined the acute effects of a single dose of caffeine on physiological responses during ADBS in women. When compared with a placebo, neither a 3- nor a 6-mg/kg dose of caffeine altered physiological responses or rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in 20 women (age 19–28 y) of average fitness level, not habituated to caffeine, while they performed an ADBS routine. Since neither dose of caffeine had any effect on VO2, Vco2, minute ventilation, respiratory-exchange ratio, rate of energy expenditure, heart rate, or RPE during ADBS exercise, it would not be prudent for a group exercise leader to recommend caffeine to increase energy cost or decrease perception of effort in an ADBS session. Furthermore, caffeine ingestion should not interfere with monitoring intensity using heart rate or RPE during ADBS.

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