scholarly journals Sevoflurane anesthesia: impact on postoperative cognitive dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Victoria Rusu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Inhalational Anesthetic ◽  
Long Time

Background: Sevoflurane is the inhalational anesthetic agent that is used widely in operating room. It is currently the most commonly used inhalation anesthetic in operating rooms. A series of studies on animal and human model detected the association of intraoperative use of sevoflurane and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) manifestation. On the other hand other studies demonstrate the same POCD associated with intravenous agents. Relevant multicentric trials got the reasons to suspect other key factors in developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions: The intra-anesthetic use of sevoflurane has been associated for a long time with the higher incidence of POCD. The mechanism was not identified, and the theory of neuroinflammation remained the main key of pathophysiological reaction that leads to cognitive dysfunction. Recent multicentre trial gives reliable information that the use of intravenous anesthetic agents is associated with the same POCD. Neuroinflammation remains to be the mediator of cognitive disorders, and apparently IL-6 keeps a major role in them. Future studies are needed to be conducted to identify the role of anesthetic agents in determining the neuroinflammation.

scholarly journals Anesthesiology and cognitive impairment: a narrative review of current clinical literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian C. Belrose ◽  
Ruediger R. Noppens
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The impact of general anesthesia on cognitive impairment is controversial and complex. A large body of evidence supports the association between exposure to surgery under general anesthesia and development of delayed neurocognitive recovery in a subset of patients. Existing literature continues to debate whether these short-term effects on cognition can be attributed to anesthetic agents themselves, or whether other variables are causative of the observed changes in cognition. Furthermore, there is conflicting data on the relationship between anesthesia exposure and the development of long-term neurocognitive disorders, or development of incident dementia in the patient population with normal preoperative cognitive function. Patients with pre-existing cognitive impairment present a unique set of anesthetic considerations, including potential medication interactions, challenges with cooperation during assessment and non-general anesthesia techniques, and the possibility that pre-existing cognitive impairment may impart a susceptibility to further cognitive dysfunction. Main body This review highlights landmark and recent studies in the field, and explores potential mechanisms involved in perioperative cognitive disorders (also known as postoperative cognitive dysfunction, POCD). Specifically, we will review clinical and preclinical evidence which implicates alterations to tau protein, inflammation, calcium dysregulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. As our population ages and the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia continues to increase, we require a greater understanding of potential modifiable factors that impact perioperative cognitive impairment. Conclusions Future research should aim to further characterize the associated risk factors and determine whether certain anesthetic approaches or other interventions may lower the potential risk which may be conferred by anesthesia and/or surgery in susceptible individuals.

The role of global cerebral hypoperfusion in the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement 43) ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
S. M. Moritz ◽  
A. M Arlt ◽  
V. S. Völkel ◽  
R. L. Rupprecht ◽  
H. J. Hobbhahn
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion

scholarly journals Dysfunction of EAAT3 Enhances LPS-induced Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Yulong Ma ◽  
Aisheng Hou ◽  
Yuxiang Song ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Membrane Protein Expression

Abstract Background: Studies have shown that excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) function inhibition is related to several neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous studies also found that the EAAT3 function is intimately linked to learning and memory. In this study, we examined the role of EAAT3 in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and explored the potential benefit of riluzole against POCD. Methods: We measured EAAT3 protein expression in hippocampus of male mice at different ages. Next, we established a recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV)-mediated shRNA to knockdown EAAT3 expression in the hippocampus of adult male mice. And then the mice received 2μg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intracerebroventricular microinjection to construct the POCD model. In addition, we intraperitoneally injected 4mg/kg of riluzole 2 days before LPS microinjection for consecutive 3 days in elderly male mice. Cognitive function was assessed using a Morris water maze 24h after LPS microinjection. Animal behavioral tests, as well as pathological and biochemical assays, were performed to clarify the role of EAAT3 function in POCD and evaluate the effect of activation of EAAT3 function by riluzole. Results: We found that the expression of EAAT3 was significantly decreased in old mice and EAAT3 knockdown in hippocampus aggravated LPS-induced learning and memory deficits in adult male mice. LPS significantly inhibited hippocampal EAAT3 membrane protein expression and GluA1 protein phosphorylation level in adult male mice. Moreover, riluzole pretreatment significantly increased hippocampal EAAT3 membrane protein expression and ameliorated LPS-induced cognitive impairment in old male mice. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the dysfunction of EAAT3 is an important risk factor for POCD susceptibility and riluzole may be a promising strategy for prevention and treating of POCD in the elderly people.

scholarly journals Development and Prospect of Nanoarchitectured Solar Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Wenxu Xie ◽  
Yong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Quantum Effect ◽  
Photovoltaic Device ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Lower Production

This paper gives an overview of the development and prospect of nanotechnologies utilized in the solar cell applications. Even though it is not clearly pointed out, nanostructures indeed have been used in the fabrication of conventional solar cells for a long time. However, in those circumstances, only very limited benefits of nanostructures have been used to improve cell performance. During the last decade, the development of the photovoltaic device theory and nanofabrication technology enables studies of more complex nanostructured solar cells with higher conversion efficiency and lower production cost. The fundamental principles and important features of these advanced solar cell designs are systematically reviewed and summarized in this paper, with a focus on the function and role of nanostructures and the key factors affecting device performance. Among various nanostructures, special attention is given to those relying on quantum effect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document