scholarly journals Ambartsumian’s vision and further insight to key puzzles of ultra-high energy astrophysics

2021 ◽  
pp. 236-310
Author(s):  
G. Ter-Kazarian
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Theory ◽  
Vacuum State ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Spontaneous Breaking ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Superdense Matter ◽  
Equilibrium Configurations ◽  
Accretion Physics ◽  
Stellar Masses

We review the Ambartsumian’s cosmogony, which involves his fundamental ideas on Stellar Associations and eruptive Activity of Galactic Nuclei, where the creation process is at work. Itis caused by the violent outburst events of transformations of superdense matter in supermassive compact bodies in galaxies, away from the accretion physics. We discuss the pioneering works of V.A. Armbartsumyan and G.S. Saakyan carried out at Byurakan Observatory in the earlier of 1960’s towards the physics of equilibrium configurations of degenerate superdense gas of elementary particles, particularity, the hyperon configurations of stellar masses. These issues have been comprehensively developed later on by G. Ter-Kazarian in the proposed theory of distortion of space-time continuum(DSTC) at huge energies (respectively, at short distances < 0.4fm), which underlies the microscopic theory of black hole (MTBH). The MTBH has further proved to be quite fruitful for ultra-high energy astrophysics. The MTBH explores the most important process of spontaneous breaking of gravitation gauge symmetry at huge energies, and thereof for that of re-arrangement of vacuum state. As a corollary, MTBH has smeared out the central singularities of BHs, and makes room for their growth and merging behavior, with implications of vital interest for high energy astrophysics.

scholarly journals SPONTANEOUS VIOLATION OF LORENTZ INVARIANCE AND ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (07) ◽  
pp. 1279-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. MOFFAT
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Lorentz Invariance ◽  
Vacuum Expectation ◽  
Vacuum Expectation Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Spontaneous Breaking ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Local Lorentz Invariance

We propose that local Lorentz invariance is spontaneously violated at high energies, due to a nonvanishing vacuum expectation value of a vector field ϕμ, as a possible explanation of the observation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with an energy above the GZK cutoff. Certain consequences of spontaneous breaking of Lorentz invariance in cosmology are discussed.

scholarly journals On the characteristics of neutrino events in (ultra-)high energy astrophysics experiments from the view point of energy estimation

2008 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 062014
Author(s):  
N Takahashi ◽  
E Konishi ◽  
N M Budnev ◽  
I Nakamura ◽  
A A Kochanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
View Point ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Energy Estimation

scholarly journals Growth of Accreting Supermassive Black Hole Seeds and Neutrino Radiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagik Ter-Kazarian
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Microscopic Theory ◽  
Vacuum State ◽  
Spontaneous Breaking ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Mass Assembly ◽  
Neutrino Fluxes

In the framework of microscopic theory of black hole (MTBH), which explores the most important processes of rearrangement of vacuum state and spontaneous breaking of gravitation gauge symmetry at huge energies, we have undertaken a large series of numerical simulations with the goal to trace an evolution of the mass assembly history of 377 plausible accreting supermassive black hole seeds in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to the present time and examine the observable signatures today. Given the redshifts, masses, and luminosities of these black holes at present time collected from the literature, we compute the initial redshifts and masses of the corresponding seed black holes. For the present masses MBH/M⊙≃1.1×106 to 1.3×1010 of 377 black holes, the computed intermediate seed masses are ranging from MBHSeed/M⊙≃26.4 to 2.9×105. We also compute the fluxes of ultrahigh energy (UHE) neutrinos produced via simple or modified URCA processes in superdense protomatter nuclei. The AGNs are favored as promising pure UHE neutrino sources, because the computed neutrino fluxes are highly beamed along the plane of accretion disk, peaked at high energies, and collimated in smaller opening angle (θ≪1).

scholarly journals UVscope and its application aboard the ASTRI-Horn telescope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Concetta Maccarone ◽  
Giovanni La Rosa ◽  
Osvaldo Catalano ◽  
Salvo Giarrusso ◽  
Alberto Segreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Light Flux ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Photon Counting Mode

AbstractUVscope is an instrument, based on a multi-pixel photon detector, developed to support experimental activities for high-energy astrophysics and cosmic ray research. The instrument, working in single photon counting mode, is designed to directly measure light flux in the wavelengths range 300-650 nm. The instrument can be used in a wide field of applications where the knowledge of the nocturnal environmental luminosity is required. Currently, one UVscope instrument is allocated onto the external structure of the ASTRI-Horn Cherenkov telescope devoted to the gamma-ray astronomy at very high energies. Being co-aligned with the ASTRI-Horn camera axis, UVscope can measure the diffuse emission of the night sky background simultaneously with the ASTRI-Horn camera, without any interference with the main telescope data taking procedures. UVscope is properly calibrated and it is used as an independent reference instrument for test and diagnostic of the novel ASTRI-Horn telescope.

Ultra-high-energy lithium-ion batteries enabled by aligned structured thick electrode design

Rare Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Chao Zhou ◽  
Zhi Su ◽  
Xin-Lei Gao ◽  
Rui Cao ◽  
Shi-Chun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electrode Design ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Thick Electrode

scholarly journals Planck Neutrinos as Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Dmitri L. Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
The Standard Model

AbstractThe studied conjecture is that ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are hypothetical Planck neutrinos arising in the decay of the protons falling onto the gravastar. The proton is assumed to decay at the Planck scale into positron and four Planck neutrinos. The supermassive black holes inside active galactic nuclei, while interpreted as gravastars, are considered as UHECR sources. The scattering of the Planck neutrinos by the proton at the Planck scale is considered. The Planck neutrinos contribution to the CR events may explain the CR spectrum from 5 × 1018 eV to 1020 eV. The muon number in the Planck neutrinos-initiated shower is estimated to be larger by a factor of 3/2 in comparison with the standard model that is consistent with the observational data.

scholarly journals Broadband RF Phased Array Design with MEEP: Comparisons to Array Theory in Two and Three Dimensions

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Jordan C. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Phased Array ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Array Design ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Array Detectors ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
Future Work

Phased array radar systems have a wide variety of applications in engineering and physics research. Phased array design usually requires numerical modeling with expensive commercial computational packages. Using the open-source MIT Electrogmagnetic Equation Propagation (MEEP) package, a set of phased array designs is presented. Specifically, one and two-dimensional arrays of Yagi-Uda and horn antennas were modeled in the bandwidth [0.1–5] GHz, and compared to theoretical expectations in the far-field. Precise matches between MEEP simulation and radiation pattern predictions at different frequencies and beam angles are demonstrated. Given that the computations match the theory, the effect of embedding a phased array within a medium of varying index of refraction is then computed. Understanding the effect of varying index on phased arrays is critical for proposed ultra-high energy neutrino observatories which rely on phased array detectors embedded in natural ice. Future work will develop the phased array concepts with parallel MEEP, in order to increase the detail, complexity, and speed of the computations.

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