Filler-Elastomer Interactions. Part VII. Study on Bound Rubber

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Wolff ◽  
Meng-Jiao Wang ◽  
Ewe-Hong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Critical Loading ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Bound Rubber

Abstract SBR compounds were filled with 17 carbon blacks covering the whole range of rubber grades and tested for bound-rubber content. It was found that the bound-rubber content of a polymer at high loadings is higher for large surface-area carbon blacks. On the other hand, the bound-rubber content per unit of interfacial area in the compound (specific bound-rubber content) decreases with increasing specific surface area and filler loading. This observation was interpreted in terms of interaggregate multiple molecular adsorption, filler agglomeration, and change of molecular weight of rubber during mixing. When the comparison was carried out at critical loading of a coherent mass, the specific bound-rubber content was found to be higher for the high-surface-area products which are characterized by high surface energies. The critical loading of coherent mass of bound rubber also shows a strong surface-area dependence, indicating that large particle carbon blacks give high critical loadings. The measurements of bound rubber at high temperatures for carbon-black-filled compounds and in an ammonia atmosphere for silica-filled compounds suggest that bound rubber is caused essentially by physical adsorption.

4374113 Production of high surface area carbon blacks

Carbon ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. ii
Author(s):  
Barrie Yate ◽  
Ronald Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Blacks

Epoxy composite sheets with a large interfacial area from a high surface area-supplying single-walled carbon nanotube scaffold filler

Carbon ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 5090-5098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazufumi Kobashi ◽  
Hidekazu Nishino ◽  
Takeo Yamada ◽  
Don N. Futaba ◽  
Motoo Yumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Single Walled Carbon

Performance of Carbon Blacks. Influence of Surface Roughness and Porosity

1955 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-890
Author(s):  
E. M. Dannenberg ◽  
B. B. S. T. Boonstra
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Direct Process ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
High Area ◽  
Furnace Black ◽  
Bound Rubber

Abstract Porous blacks of high surface area can be produced without changing particle size either directly, in the normal furnace black process, or indirectly, in the laboratory by the air oxidation of a normal commercial and essentially nonporous HAF black raw material. Blacks of high surface area produced by the direct process are characterized by a retardation of rate of vulcanization, lower rebound resilience, and high electrical conductivity. Laboratory-prepared products of high area show cure retardation, but their electrically conductive and resilience properties show relatively little dependence on the degree of porosity and surface area. Bound rubber measurements, modulus, tensile strength, and abrasion properties of the laboratory-oxidized samples indicate an increase of reinforcement with increasing surface area.

Palladium Carbide Formation in Pd/C Catalysts and its Effect on Adsorption, Absorption and Catalytic Behavior

1994 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalini Krishnankutty ◽  
M. A. Vannice
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbide Phase ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
Carbide Formation ◽  
Lattice Expansion ◽  
Catalytic Behavior ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Hydride Formation

ABSTRACTThe presence of PdCx, a metastable palladium carbide phase, was detected in Pd dispersed on high surface area carbon blacks using a Pd acetylacetonate precursor. TEM and XRD measurements indicated well dispersed Pd after reduction at 573 K; however, hydride formation and chemisorption of gases was suppressed on these catalysts and this was accompanied by lattice expansion of Pd as seen from XRD. Cleaning pretreatments with O2 slightly contracted the Pd lattice and enhanced hydride formation and chemisorption, while a 673 K reduction gave normal hydride ratios and Pd lattice parameters although chemisorption was still suppressed. Pd lattice expansion and suppression of hydride formation and chemisorption are attributed to carbon atoms present both in the bulk and on the Pd surface. The performance of these catalysts in probe reactions was consistent with this model of C contamination of the Pd surface and bulk.

Tenacious Mass Transfer Limitations Drive Catalytic Selectivity during Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailun Yang ◽  
Recep Kas ◽  
Wilson A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Local Current

<p>This study evaluated the performance of the commonly used strong buffer electrolytes, i.e. phosphate buffers, during CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction in neutral pH conditions by using in-situ surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Unfortunately, the buffers break down a lot faster than anticipated which has serious implications on many studies in the literature such as selectivity and kinetic analysis of the electrocatalysts. Increasing electrolyte concentration, surprisingly, did not extend the potential window of the phosphate buffers due to dramatic increase in hydrogen evolution reaction. Even high concentration phosphate buffers (1 M) break down within the potentials (-1 V vs RHE) where hydrocarbons are formed on copper electrodes. We have extended the discussion to high surface area electrodes by evaluating electrodes composed of copper nanowires. We would like highlight that it is not possible to cope with high local current densities on these high surface area electrodes by using high buffer capacity solutions and the CO<sub>2</sub> electrocatalysts are needed to be evaluated by casting thin nanoparticle films onto inert substrates as commonly employed in fuel cell reactions and up to now scarcely employed in CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction. In addition, we underscore that normalization of the electrocatalytic activity to the electrochemical active surface area is not the ultimate solution due to concentration gradient along the catalyst layer.This will “underestimate” the activity of high surface electrocatalyst and the degree of underestimation will depend on the thickness, porosity and morphology of the catalyst layer. </p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals Rugae-like FeP nanocrystal assembly on a carbon cloth: an exceptionally efficient and stable cathode for hydrogen evolution

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 10974-10981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiulin Yang ◽  
Ang-Yu Lu ◽  
Yihan Zhu ◽  
Shixiong Min ◽  
Mohamed Nejib Hedhili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Nanocrystal Assembly

High surface area FeP nanosheets on a carbon cloth were prepared by gas phase phosphidation of electroplated FeOOH, which exhibit exceptionally high catalytic efficiency and stability for hydrogen generation.

High Surface Area NiCoP Nanostructure as Efficient Water Splitting Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 111312
Author(s):  
Sisir Maity ◽  
Dheeraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Divya Bhutani ◽  
Suchitra Prasad ◽  
Umesh V. Waghmare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area

scholarly journals Fast synthesis of high surface area bio-based porous carbons for p-nitrophenol removal

MethodsX ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101464
Author(s):  
Yichen Wu ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Charles-François de Lannoy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Fast Synthesis

Synthesis of high surface area and functionalized nanoporous biocarbons and their efficiency for CO2 capture and supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurwinder Singh ◽  
Rohan Bahadur ◽  
Ajanya Maria Ruban ◽  
Jefrin Marykala Davidraj ◽  
Dawei Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Significant Attention

Nanoporous biocarbons derived from waste biomass have created significant attention owing to their great potential for energy storage and conversion and water purification. However, the fabrication technology for these materials...

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