Ski Rubber, Polyisoprene, Similar to Natural Rubber

1958 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
K. F. Anikanova ◽  
G. E. Betts ◽  
V. G. Zhakova ◽  
N. F. Komskaya ◽  
B. K. Karmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Basic Work ◽  
Isoprene Rubber ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract Years of research at the S. V. Lebedev All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Synthetic Rubber have provided industry with a number of methods for making synthetic rubber from isoprene. Of all the known synthetic rubbers this comes closest to natural rubber in structure and properties; it is the best available substitute of natural rubber, possessing a high degree of elasticity and strength. The present article is a brief summary of the basic work on isoprene rubber done by the Scientific Research Institute of the Tire Industry. On the basis of this work recommendations were made for the development of the production of synthetic isoprene rubber and the substitution of isoprene rubber for natural rubber in the manufacture of heavy duty truck tires. By using different polymerization processes it is possible to produce isoprene rubbers whose chain structures are very similar, but whose molecular weights, and therefore physical and technological properties, are very different. The cis structure of the 1,4 polyisoprene chains is the basic structural element of the new isoprene polymer. Therefore these synthetic isoprene rubbers (SKI) obtained through catalytic polymerization when vulcanized show a crystalline structure when x-rayed in the stretched state. The x-ray photographs also show that the geometric distribution of interference spots in SKI rubbers corresponds to the distribution of interference spots in natural rubber, but that the relative intensities of the crystalline, liquid, and amorphous scatterings in the two rubbers are different (Figure 1).

Chlorinated Isoprene Rubbers in Adhesive Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Zuev ◽  
L.R. Lyusova ◽  
N.P. Boreiko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Adhesive Materials ◽  
Isoprene Rubber

Now there is not a single area of industry that can do without adhesive elastomer materials. Composites based on synthetic rubbers comprise 75% of the total volume of adhesive materials produced, which is due to the combination of unique properties typical of the elastomer base of the adhesive. The base of many imported adhesives for the bonding of rubber to metal is chlorinated natural rubber. As an alternative, chlorinated synthetic isoprene rubber has been proposed, developed at the Scientific Research Institute for Synthetic Rubber in St Petersburg. The chlorinated isoprene rubber was compared with imported chlorinated natural rubber in adhesive composites, and the physicomechanical properties of mixes based on a blend of chlorinated rubber and nitrile butadiene rubber were investigated. The investigation was conducted on chlorinated natural rubber of grade Pergut S20, chlorinated isoprene rubber SKI-3, and nitrile butadiene rubbers of grades BNKS-28AMN and SKN-26S. The influence of the ratio of chlorinated rubber to nitrile butadiene rubber and the technological factors of mix preparation on the properties of films produced from them was established. It was shown that, in terms of the level of properties, home-produced chlorinated rubber can be used as the base for adhesives for hot bonding of rubber to metal instead of imported Pergut S20.

Ski Rubber, a New Polyisoprene

1958 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
S. A. Subbotin ◽  
V. V. Samoletova ◽  
A. K. Znamenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Industrial Synthesis ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Isoprene Rubber

Abstract It is known that the industrial synthesis of general purpose rubbers has been accomplished and has been developing on the basis of the use of divinyl as the starting monomer, taken either in the pure state (sodium-divinyl rubber) or in mixture with another monomer—styrene (divinylstyrene rubber). However, synthetic polymers of isoprene have, to this day, found no practical application despite the fact that natural rubber (NR) is a polyisoprene and the first samples of synthetic rubber were obtained from isoprene. This is explained by the circumstance that, up to the present time, it was not possible to synthesize an isoprene or a copolymer-isoprene rubber which would have substantially improved properties over a similar rubber obtained on the base of divinyl; in addition isoprene is a less plentiful raw material than divinyl. Divinyl rubbers differ from natural rubber not only in their microstructure but also in the chemical nature of the link of the polymer chain; and still, with time, they successfully replaced natural rubber in the production of a large number of rubber goods. At the same time, due to various new properties possessed by the divinyl rubbers, their application led to the improvement in the quality of certain goods and, in many cases, to a simplification and reduction in cost of production of the latter. Nevertheless even the most modern general purpose commercial rubbers, which are obtained from divinyl, possess various substantial shortcomings in comparison with natural rubber. The most significant shortcoming of the divinyl rubbers is their reduced elasticity. This shortcoming is especially significant all the more, since rubber mixes with these rubbers as a base must, because of their low strength, be prepared with a large content of carbon black. For this reason such rubbers cannot serve as an equivalent substitute for natural rubber in carcass and breaker rubbers for tires, especially truck tires, and in the manufacture of various technical and also household, highly elastic goods.

RHEUMATOLOGIC PATIENTS HOSPITALIZATION FEATURES

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
A. S. Povzun ◽  
V. I. Mazurov
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Care ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Current Structure ◽  
The City ◽  
Research Institute

The purpose of the work was to study the nosological structure of rheumatologic patients hospitalized  in emergency hospitals. The analysis of the obtained distribution and its comparison with the structure  of patients at the Scientific Research Institute of emergency care named after I. I. Djanelidze and the City  Rheumatology Center were done. Determination of the current structure of hospitalization of rheumatologic  patients can serve as a basis of its forecasting for the subsequent periods.

Metrological servicing in a scientific-research institute

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-926
Author(s):  
A. K. Mitrokhin ◽  
S. A. Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

ISSUES OF CONTINUITY OF APPROACHES TO URBAN IMPROVEMENT AND GREENING

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
S.B. Chistyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Central Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Domestic Science ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Central Scientific ◽  
Research Institute

The article has been prepared on the basis of many years of research at the Central Scientific Research Institute of Urban Development in the 1970s and 1990s and later works, including those carried out at the Central Scientific Research Institute of Construction of the Ministry of Construction of Russia. The ecological prerequisites of urban planning and the principle of the formation of the natural-ecological frame of the territories of cities as a planning basis for their improvement and landscaping are considered. Taken into account studies of 2019-2020. Since the beginning of the new century, the professional environment has been discussing the negative trends of modern urban planning and urban improvement, accompanied by the loss of their individual appearance. This takes place in the conditions of a market economy and world processes of globalization, which in our subject area are usually called "urbanism". This situation is typical for most cities, and not only for megalopolises, but also for small historical cities. It is shown that excessive unification and depersonalization of the urban environment can be overcome by relying on the fundamental achievements of domestic science and practice. It is also necessary to use systemic, socially oriented and environmentally oriented approaches to the planning and improvement of cities with the formation of interconnected systems of natural and green areas. They should include historical buildings, architectural ensembles and architectural monuments, valuable natural landscapes, historical gardens and parks.

Questions of general and private physiotherapy

1938 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
E. S. Borshipolsky
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Spa Therapy ◽  
Research Institute

Proceedings of the Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of Physiotherapy and Balneology. Issue 3, Leningrad, 1936 Price 22 rubles. (bound), 583 pp. The collection contains 60 works performed by 42 research workers of the Institute on the issues of modern physical and spa therapy. All works of this issue are divided into 4 sections.

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