EFFECTS OF MIXING PARAMETERS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS ON PROPERTIES OF CARBON BLACK FILLED STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirawat Narongthong ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽  
Chakrit Sirisinha
Keyword(s):  
Fill Factor ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Dispersion Index ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Mixing Parameters ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

ABSTRACT The effects of various mixing parameters on state-of-mix and vulcanizate properties of carbon black filled styrene-butadiene rubber prepared by an intermeshing-rotor internal mixer were observed. The parameters studied include mixing time, rotor speed, fill factor, and filler loading. The interactions between these parameters are also focused. To do this, the mixing parameters are changed simultaneously, and the data are analyzed using response surface methodology. Results reveal that the dispersion index, Payne effect, and tensile properties are not linearly related to mixing time and filler loading but are linearly related to rotor speed and fill factor. The effect of mixing time on dispersion index and Payne effect depends strongly on the levels of rotor speed and filler loading. Increasing the rotor speed or filler loading reduces the effect of mixing time on dispersion index and, thus, on the Payne effect. Among the four parameters, filler loading shows the strongest effect on tensile strength (TS) and modulus at 100% elongation (M100). In addition, the effect of filler loading on the tensile properties depends mainly on the levels of mixing time and fill factor, for example, increasing of fill factor reduces the effect of filler loading on both TS and M100.

scholarly journals Insights into the Payne Effect of Carbon Black Filled Styrene-butadiene Rubber Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
An Zhao ◽  
Xuan-Yu Shi ◽  
Shi-Hao Sun ◽  
Hai-Mo Zhang ◽  
Min Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Payne effect in silica-filled styrene–butadiene rubber: Influence of surface treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ramier ◽  
C. Gauthier ◽  
L. Chazeau ◽  
L. Stelandre ◽  
L. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

PHASE SELECTIVE LOCALIZATION OF FILLER IN TERNARY RUBBER BLENDS

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Le ◽  
S. Ilisch ◽  
D. Heidenreich ◽  
K. Osswald ◽  
H-J. Radusch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Selective Localization ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract The present work introduces a new concept based on the analysis of the rubber–filler gel for the determination of the phase selective filler localization in ternary rubber blends. Natural rubber (NR)/styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)/ethylene–propylene rubber (EPDM) blends filled with silica were the focus of the experimental investigations. Because of the higher wetting rate of the NR component to silica, in the first stage of the preparation of SBR/NR/EPDM blends, more silica is found in the NR phase than in the SBR and EPDM phase. In the subsequent stage, silica is transferred from the NR phase to the SBR phase until the loosely bound NR-layer at the silica surface is fully replaced by SBR molecules. An extremely low amount of silica was found in the EPDM phase because of the poor EPDM–silica interaction. After a long mixing time, a large amount of silica whose surface was not yet wetted by any rubber phase could be found in the composites that can lead to fatal effects on the mechanical performance of the composites.

Effect of Nanoclay on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Styrene Butadiene and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizates

2005 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Sadhu ◽  
Anil K. Bhowmick
Keyword(s):  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Montmorillonite Clays ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Nanocomposites based on Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) with varying acrylonitrile contents (19%, 34% and 50%, respectively) and octadecyl amine modified and unmodified Na-Montmorillonite clays were prepared. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was performed on these composites over a range of temperatures (−80 °C to +80 °C), frequencies (0.032 Hz to 32 Hz) and strains (0.001% to 10%). The results showed that there were significant changes in tan delta peak temperature and height and storage modulus with the addition of small amount (4 phr) of the modified and the unmodified fillers. These were magnified with the increase of filler loading. The tan delta peak heights decreased and the storage modulus increased in general. With increasing strain, the nanocomposites showed lowering of storage modulus, because of the breakdown of the agglomerated structures. The torage modulus increased with increasing frequency, and the modified filler loaded samples registered higher E' values compared to those of the gum rubber.

The Effects on the Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Bamboo Activated Carbon Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
N.R. Munirah ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
M.Z. Salihin ◽  
H. Kamarudin ◽  
M.H. Fatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The role of activated carbon (AC) in rubber compounds was investigated to better understand the reinforcing mechanism. The activated carbon filled styrene butadiene rubber vulcanizates (SBR-AC) using bamboo activated carbon as filler were prepared by using two-roll mill and cured at 160 °C. AC filler loading from 10 to 50 phr (part per hundred rubber) were used in this study. Study into the influences of filler loading on the cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and physical properties (hardness and resilience) of SBR-AC vulcanizates were carried out. It was observed that SBR-AC vulcanizates has better cure characteristics compared to the styrene butadiene rubber gum vulcanizate (SBR-GV) which is a non-filled vulcanizate. The results showed that the scorch time (ts2) decreased with increasing filler loading. The cure time (tc90) slightly decreased up to 20 phr before a rise as the filler loading increased. The minimum torque (ML) of SBR vulcanizate increased and the maximum torque (MH) decreased up to 20 phr but then increased with increasing filler loading. The cure rate index (CRI) of SBR-GV vulcanizate was higher than that of all SBR-AC vulcanizates. Up to 20 phr of filler loading, the CRI increased before a decline occurred as the filler loading increased. As expected, the hardness value of SBR-AC vulcanizates was higher compared to SBR-GV vulcanizate which has lower resilience. The hardness and crosslink density showed an increasing trend meanwhile the resilience was adversely affected by the increase in filler loading. Bamboo activated carbon showed some potential enhancement on the reinforcing and physical properties of the vulcanizates.

Effect of Hydrocarbon and Amine Diluents on the Properties of Dicumyl Peroxide Cured Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, Part I: Gum Compositions

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Hamed ◽  
Jing-Ming Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Rubber Part ◽  
Strain Storage ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Gum SBR compositions containing dicumyl peroxide and either alkane (nonadecane) or amine (octadecylamine or oleylamine) diluent were prepared. Dilution caused a reduction in rheometer torque upon curing and in the resulting crosslink density based on solvent swelling. Results for each diluent were indistinguishable. However, tensile strengths and especially storage moduli were different for nonadecane- and octadecylamine-diluted vulcanizates. Added octadecylamine mildly reinforced the gum, while nonadecane lowered strength and stiffness. Furthermore, quite strikingly, octadecylamine-diluted samples had a large, low-strain storage modulus, which decreased markedly with strain amplitude (Payne effect), while vulcanizates diluted with nonadecane showed no Payne effect.

Payne effect of silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber

Polymer ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 304-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiquan Yang ◽  
Yihu Song ◽  
Qiang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The effects of a compatibiliser on processing, tensile properties and morphology of polystyrene (PS)/styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)/wollastonite composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fikri Abdul Karim ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Thermoplastic elastomer composites of polystyrene (PS) blended with styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)–filled wollastonite were prepared using a laboratory scale internal mixer. The compatibiliser used in this study was maleic anhydride (MAH). The torque developments, morphology, and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus and impact strength were studied. PS/SBR/wollastonite composites with the addition of MAH had higher torque than PS/SBR/wollastonite composites without MAH. Tensile strength, impact strength and elongation at break were reduced by increasing filler loading, both for composites with and without MAH. Composites with MAH had higher tensile strength but lower impact strength and elongation at break as compared with composites without MAH. The Young’s modulus increased with the wollastonite loading, whereas at a similar wollastonite loading, composites with MAH exhibited higher values of Young’s modulus than composites without MAH. Scanning electron microscopy on fracture surfaces showed better filler–matrix adhesion for composites with MAH.

Ternary NR/BR/SBR rubber blend nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slaviša Jovanović ◽  
Suzana Samaržija-Jovanović ◽  
Gordana Marković ◽  
Vojislav Jovanović ◽  
Tijana Adamović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Rubber Blend ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The goal of this work was to synthesize and characterize ternary rubber blends based on polyisoprene (natural rubber (NR)), polybutadiene rubber (BR), and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) (NR/BR/SBR = 25/25/50) reinforced with different loading silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (0–100 part per hundred parts of rubber (phr)). The specimens were subjected to thermooxidative aging at 100°C, for two times: at 72 and 168 h, respectively, and then mechanically stretched to fracture by tension with a Zwick 1425 (Zwick GmbH, Ulm, Germany) universal tensile testing machine. Rheological and mechanical properties were used as characterization of the ternary rubber blends. The reinforcing performance of the filler was investigated using rheometric, mechanical, and swelling measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance. Hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, and swelling degree were assessed before and after thermal aging. There was a remarkable decrease in the optimum cure time ( tc90) and the scorch time ( ts2), which was associated with a decrease in the cure rate index of (NR/BR/SBR = 25/25/50) ternary rubber blend with 60 phr of filler loading. Interaction between rubber blend and SiO2 nano-filler is confirmed by moving absorption band from 1450 cm−1 to 1480 cm−1.

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