Effect of Hydrocarbon and Amine Diluents on the Properties of Dicumyl Peroxide Cured Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, Part I: Gum Compositions

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Hamed ◽  
Jing-Ming Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Rubber Part ◽  
Strain Storage ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Gum SBR compositions containing dicumyl peroxide and either alkane (nonadecane) or amine (octadecylamine or oleylamine) diluent were prepared. Dilution caused a reduction in rheometer torque upon curing and in the resulting crosslink density based on solvent swelling. Results for each diluent were indistinguishable. However, tensile strengths and especially storage moduli were different for nonadecane- and octadecylamine-diluted vulcanizates. Added octadecylamine mildly reinforced the gum, while nonadecane lowered strength and stiffness. Furthermore, quite strikingly, octadecylamine-diluted samples had a large, low-strain storage modulus, which decreased markedly with strain amplitude (Payne effect), while vulcanizates diluted with nonadecane showed no Payne effect.

scholarly journals Insights into the Payne Effect of Carbon Black Filled Styrene-butadiene Rubber Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
An Zhao ◽  
Xuan-Yu Shi ◽  
Shi-Hao Sun ◽  
Hai-Mo Zhang ◽  
Min Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Novel modification of styrene butadiene rubber/acrylic rubber blends to improve mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and swelling behavior for oil sealing applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110313
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdel-Hakim ◽  
Soma A el-Mogy ◽  
Ahmed I Abou-Kandil
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Oil Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Blending of rubber is an important route to modify properties of individual elastomeric components in order to obtain optimum chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. In this study, a novel modification of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is made by employing acrylic rubber (ACM) to obtain blends of outstanding mechanical, dynamic, and oil resistance properties. In order to achieve those properties, we used a unique vulcanizing system that improves the crosslink density between both polymers and enhances the dynamic mechanical properties as well as its resistance to both motor and break oils. Static mechanical measurements, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness are improved together with dynamic mechanical properties investigated using dynamic mechanical analyses. We also proposed a mechanism for the improvement of crosslink density and consequently oil resistance properties. This opens new opportunities for using SBR/ACM blends in oil sealing applications that requires rigorous mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, crosslink density and tensile properties of carbon-black-filled styrene-butadiene rubber compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 12006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

By using a semi-efficient sulphur vulcanisation system, the effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, crosslink density and tensile properties of carbon black (CB)-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds were investigated. The ALK was prepared from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin and diethanolamine and added into the CB-filled SBR compounds. The ALK loadings were 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that ALK decreased the scorch and cure times of the CB-filled SBR compounds. ALK also improved the tensile modulus and tensile strength; especially up to a 5.0 phr of loading. The crosslink density measurement proved that the 5.0 phr of ALK exhibited the highest degree of crosslink density which caused the highest in tensile modulus and tensile strength. Due to its plasticity effect, ALK increased the elongation at break of the CB-filled SBR vulcanisates.

Studies on Dicumyl Peroxide Vulcanization of Styrene—Butadiene Rubber in Presence of Sulfur and 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Das ◽  
S. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Addition Reaction ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract The effect of sulfur, MBT, zinc oxide, and stearic acid on the DCP vulcanization of SBR has been studied. DCP decomposition obeys first order kinetics in all cases, but its rate constant is higher in presence of MBT. Sulfur and MBT reduce the crosslink density due to DCP. In the mixes containing sulfur, MBT, zinc oxide, and stearic acid in presence of DCP the crosslink density is initially additive. Here oxidation of some pendent vinyl groups are effected by DCP, and these groups also take part in thiol addition reaction with MBT. The thiazole accelerated sulfuration of SBR proceeds fundamentally by the same mechanism as reported for NR, but the details show slight difference chiefly due to the presence of pendent vinyl groups and styrene units in the chain and due to the absence of pendent methyl groups in SBR.

Dynamic Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Nanocomposites of Natural Rubber (NR), Carboxylated Styrene Butadiene Rubber (XSBR) Latices and their Blends

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranimol Stephen ◽  
Sabu Thomas ◽  
K. V. S. N. Raju ◽  
Siby Varghese ◽  
Kuruvilla Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Volume Resistivity ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Carboxylated Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract The viscoelastic and dielectric properties of nano structured layered silicates reinforced natural rubber (NR), carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) and their blends have been analyzed. The viscoelastic properties such as storage modulus, loss modulus, damping behavior and glass transition temperature of nano filled latices have been investigated. Upon the addition of filler, the storage modulus of nanocomposites was found to increase due to the enhancement in stiffness of the material. Due to the restricted mobility of polymer chain segments, the damping values decreased as a function of filler loading. An investigation of the viscoelastic properties revealed that there was a strong interaction between the polymer and the filler. Latex nanocomposites was characterized by X-ray diffraction technique. The enhanced d values indicated the intercalation of polymer chain into the layers of silicates. The dielectric properties of nanocomposites have been investigated as a function of frequency in the range of 50Hz–100KHz. The effect of frequency on dielectric permittivity (Ε′), dielectric loss (Ε″), dissipation factor (tan δ) and volume resistivity (ρv) of latex nanocomposite have been measured under alternating current. The dielectric permittivity of the samples was found to be higher upon the incorporation of nano fillers. The volume resistivity decreased due to the enhanced conductivity of filled samples.

Evaluation of silane effect as a coupling agent for metakaolin

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 593-608
Author(s):  
Alessandra de Alencar Padua Gabino ◽  
Cléverson Fernandes Senra Gabriel ◽  
Ana Maria Furtado de Sousa ◽  
Cristina Russi Guimarães Furtado ◽  
Bluma Guenther Soares
Keyword(s):  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Reference Compound ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Silica Sample ◽  
Automobile Tire ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

This study aimed at evaluating the coupling effect of silane Si69 bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide in metakaolin (MK) in automobile tire tread compounds based on a styrene–butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber blend. A reference compound of a typical tread recipe, filled with silica and carbon black, was used as a reference due to the acknowledged effect of TESPT in silica incorporation in elastomers. A silica sample without silane was also prepared. Silica was then completely substituted by MK, producing two samples, with and without silane. The samples were tested for crosslink density, rheometry, and morphology, and the vulcanization reaction parameters were determined and evaluated. Silane improved the interaction between MK and the polymer matrix, evidenced by the increase in crosslink density and vulcanization reaction rate, the same effect silane causes on silica-filled composites. Morphology also revealed that silane increased MK dispersion and adhesion to rubber. On the other hand, MK seems not to be as reinforcing as silica, considering that maximum torque is related to the stiffness of the material, with MK exhibiting lower values for this parameter.

Payne effect in silica-filled styrene–butadiene rubber: Influence of surface treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ramier ◽  
C. Gauthier ◽  
L. Chazeau ◽  
L. Stelandre ◽  
L. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Viscosity and Molecular Weight of Masticated Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

1965 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Bhatnagar ◽  
S. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Mooney Viscosity ◽  
The Times ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Changes in the value of [η], [ηm], K′, (M) and μ of SBR masticated in the cold at 25.0 ± 5.0° C in presence of oxygen with the times of mastication are reported. An empirical relation has been developed between the intrinsic viscosity [η] and Mooney viscosity [ηm] which permits molecular weight of the rubber to be determined directly from Mooney viscosity. The value of g which appears in the Flory equation connecting true crosslink density with the physically determined one has been calculated for unfilled SBR.

Effect of Epoxidized Palm Oil Loading on the Swelling and Mechanical Properties of SBR Vulcanizates

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Mohd Zaki Nurul Ayunie ◽  
Ahmad Zafir Romli ◽  
M.A. Wahab ◽  
Mohd Hanafiah Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Epoxidized Palm Oil ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The effects of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) content in carbon black filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) on tensile strength, elongation at break and crosslink density were investigated. Five different loadings of EPO in parts per hundred rubbers (phr) were used to test the tensile strength of the carbon black filled SBR which showed a decreasing trend as the content of EPO in the vulcanizates increased. In contrast, elongation at break showed the opposite trend where the elongation at break increased as the content of the EPO increased. The SBR vulcanizates with the highest content of EPO gave the highest value of elongation at break which is 2393.56%. In the case of swelling index, it was found to increase as the amount of EPO increased.

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