scholarly journals The Effect of Internal / External Attention and Related / Unrelated on Quiet Eye Changes and Accuracy Free Throwing of Skilled Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
hamid zahedi ◽  
Forogh Tabatabaei ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Basketball Players ◽  
Quiet Eye

The Role of Quiet Eye Duration and Its Components in a Complex Far-Aiming Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-527
Author(s):  
Samira Moeinirad ◽  
Behrouz Abdoli ◽  
Alireza Farsi ◽  
Nasour Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
And Performance

The quiet eye is a characteristic of highly skilled perceptual and motor performance that is considered as the final fixation toward a target before movement initiation. The aim of this study was to extend quiet eye–related knowledge by investigating expertise effects on overall quiet eye duration among expert and near-expert basketball players, as well as to determine the relative contribution of early and late visual information in a basketball jump shot by comparing the timing components of quiet eye duration (early and late quite eye). Twenty-seven expert and near-expert male basketball players performed the jump shots. Gaze was recorded with the SensoMotoric Instruments eye tracking glasses and shooting performance accuracy was evaluated by scoring each shot on a scale of 1–8. Six infrared cameras circularly arranged around the participants were used to collect the kinematic information of the players. The performance accuracy, gaze behavior, and kinematic characteristics of the participants during the test were calculated. The experts with longer quiet eye duration had better performance in a basketball jump shot compared to the near-experts. Also the experts had longer early and late quiet eye duration than the near-experts. The results revealed a relationship between quiet eye duration and performance. The combined visual strategy is a more efficient strategy in complex far-aiming tasks such as a basketball jump shot.

The Influence of Anxiety on Visual Attentional Control in Basketball Free Throw Shooting

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Wilson ◽  
Samuel J. Vine ◽  
Greg Wood
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Attentional Control Theory ◽  
And Performance

The aim of this study was to test the predictions of attentional control theory using the quiet eye period as an objective measure of attentional control. Ten basketball players took free throws in two counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the anxiety they experienced. Point of gaze was measured using an ASL Mobile Eye tracker and fixations including the quiet eye were determined using frame-by-frame analysis. The manipulation of anxiety resulted in significant reductions in the duration of the quiet eye period and free throw success rate, thus supporting the predictions of attentional control theory. Anxiety impaired goal-directed attentional control (quiet eye period) at the expense of stimulus-driven control (more fixations of shorter duration to various targets). The findings suggest that attentional control theory may be a useful theoretical framework for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in visuomotor sport skills.

Training Quiet Eye Improves Accuracy in the Basketball Free Throw

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawnee K. Harle ◽  
Joan N. Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Experimental Accuracy ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Single Location ◽  
And Training

University basketball players (Team A) received quiet eye (QE) training over two seasons of league play, compared to two control teams (Team B and Team C), who competed at the top of the same league but did not receive similar training. QE was defined as the player’s final fixation on the hoop or backboard prior to the shooting action. In Season 1, Team A improved significantly, Pre to Post, in experimental accuracy, QE duration, and relative shot timing but did not transfer these improvements to league play during the season. At the conclusion of Season 2, Team A improved their free throw shooting accuracy by 22.62% to 76.66%, more than Team A (66.18%) or B (74.05%). The results highlight the importance of training a sustained duration of QE on a single location on the hoop prior to the execution of the shooting action. Theoretical and applied implications of training QE are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research and training.

Retention of Quiet Eye in Older Skilled Basketball Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Fischer ◽  
Rebecca Rienhoff ◽  
Judith Tirp ◽  
Joseph Baker ◽  
Bernd Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basketball Players ◽  
Quiet Eye

scholarly journals The 'Quiet Eye' and motor performance in basketball free throw shooting

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Ece Ayaz Kanat ◽  
Deniz Şimşek
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Visual Tracking ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
University Student ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Fixation Durations

Background and Study Aim. This study investigates expert and amateur basketball players' visual tracking strategies accuracy and inaccuracy free throws. Material and Methods. A total of 22 university student, 11 of whom were experts (n = 5 females, n = 6 males) and 11 amateurs (n = 5 females, n = 6 males), without visual impairment, participated the study. Each athlete performed a total of 10 throws. The normal distribution of data recorded in both accurate and inaccurate throws was checked with the Shapiro-Wilk test. All of the data received on accurate and inaccurate throws were analyzed by independent samples t-test. Results. Expert basketball players were recorded to have an average of 78% accurate throws out of 10, and as for amateur basketball players, they were recorded to have 34%. During accurate throws, the quiet eye durations of expert basketball players were identified as ~886ms, and quiet eye durations during inaccurate throws were as ~570ms. During accurate throws, the quiet eye durations of amateur basketball players were identified as ~612ms, and quiet eye durations during inaccurate throws were as ~388ms. The study's findings reveal that expert basketball players develop statistically longer quiet eye and fixation durations than amateur basketball players. Conclusion. The study's findings have supported the phenomenon of longer quiet eye durations during expert athletes' specific motor skills. The knowledge obtained from the study's findings is thought to have the utmost significance in identifying the quiet eye durations of expert basketball players and teaching their visual strategies to amateur level athletes to improve their performance.

scholarly journals Visual Fixation in NBA Free-Throws and the Relationship to On-Court Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e1-e7
Author(s):  
Daniel Laby
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Visual Fixation ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocular Fixation ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
Court Performance

Purpose Although hitting a baseball is often described as the most difficult task in all of sports, shooting baskets during a game likely ranks a close second. Previous studies have described the role of vision in basketball and more specifically a concept termed the “quiet eye” has been shown to be related to basketball performance. How a shooter visualizes the target, how consistent their visual fixation is, and how long they maintain that fixation has been correlated to shooting success. Although the majority of previous reports have included non-professional basketball shooters, we evaluated NBA (National Basketball Association) players to determine if this skill was significant at the professional level. Materials and Methods We evaluated 16 professional NBA players prior to the 2018-2019 NBA season. All players shot 30 consecutive free-throws while wearing Tobii Pro eye-tracking glasses. Following the completion of the task, several metrics were calculated including shooting success rate, as well as four measures of the position and duration of ocular fixation just prior to, during, and immediately after ball release for each shot of each player. Additionally, player performance statistics from the 2018-2019 season were recorded and compared to the visual fixation data. Descriptive statistics as well as correlations between the visual fixation metrics and on-court performance metrics were calculated. Results NBA shooters averaged a 79% success rate in free throw shooting (SD = 14%, min = 56%, max=100%) during the study. Moderate statistically significant correlations were found between the percentage of successful free throws and the four measures of visual fixation (r=0.539 to 0.687). In addition, visual fixation measures were found to be corelated with on-court metrics suggesting that shooters who had more frequent, as well as longer, fixations on the rim where more likely to have lower USG%, and ORB% as well as higher FG3%. The percentage of successful shots in the study was compared to the on-court FT% and found to be moderately correlated (r=0.536). Conclusions The need to maintain ocular fixation on the rim as one shoots seems elementary, but in fact varies greatly among NBA players, as noted in these results. Our data suggests that players who visually fixate longer and more frequently on the rim are more likely to be successful in free throws, as well as more successful in 3-point goals. Likely due to their likely distance from the basket, they do not make as many offensive rebounds. This data set appears to describe basketball guards in contrast to forwards/centers and supports previous research on non-professional basketball players.

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