Toxicity and Effects of Nimolcine (Neem Compound) and Acorus calamus on Cholinesterase Enzyme of Callosobruchus analis in Comparison with Chemical Pesticides

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-383
Author(s):  
Nighat Gul Nighat Gul ◽  
M Farhanullah Khan M Farhanullah Khan ◽  
Saif Ud Din and Maisoor Ahmed Nafees Saif Ud Din and Maisoor Ahmed Nafees
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Callosobruchus Analis ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

In the present research study Nimolicine (neem compound), Acorus calamus(crude extract) Cypermethrin (pyrethroid) and Methamidophos (organophosphate) were examined against Callosobruchus analis (F) by Filter paper impregnation method. Presently, LC50 values were found as 19, 5.1, 2.2 and 16and#181;g/cm2 for nimolicine, Acorus calamus crude extract, cypermethrin and methamidopos respectively after 24 hours of treatment. The order of effectiveness was observed as cypermethrin andgt;Acorus calamus andgt; methamidophos andgt;Nimolicine. The cholinesterase % inhibition was observed as 37.5, 40, 12 and 65% for Nimolicine, Acorus calamus, cypermethrin and methamidopos respectively. This research determines that Acorus calamus and Nimolicine both have a valuable potential against the Callosobruchus analis. However, further investigation is indispensable to see the effectiveness of these compounds for the positive pest control acceptable by integrated pest management (IPM) in economic, environmental and social means.

scholarly journals Toxicity of isolated phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus L. to control Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phatcharaphon Wiwattanawanichakun ◽  
Siriwan Saehlee ◽  
Thitaree Yooboon ◽  
Nutchaya Kumrungsee ◽  
Saksit Nobsathian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Tobacco Cutworm ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the tobacco cutworm, is an prominent agricultural pest. To reduce the use of chemical pesticides that cause health problems and that leave residue in the environment, some botanical pesticides have been developed. Our research aimed to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of Acorus calamus L. extract for the control of S. litura under laboratory conditions. Results After 24 h of topical application, the A. calamus methanolic crude extract showed toxicity against secondary instar S. litura larvae (LD50 ~ 7.438 µg/larva). Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxy flavone), one of the isolated phenolic compounds, showed optimal control efficiency (LD50 ~ 2.752 µg/larva) and showed a reduction in carboxylesterase activities, which have detoxification reduction roles in larvae. Conclusion Chrysin in the crude extract of A. calamus may be an active compound to control this pest, and it may be applied as an alternative to minimize the usage of chemical insecticides. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals A Study on Biopesticides Market in Telangana

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Kommoju Nagendra Kumar ◽  
P. Radhika ◽  
. Seema ◽  
D. Srinivasa Chary
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Price Difference ◽  
Biotech Company ◽  
Bcg Matrix ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Biopesticides are a crucial component of integrated pest management programs for pest control. In India, so far only 12 types of biopesticides have been registered under the Insecticide Act, 1968. The present study entitled 'A study on biopesticides market in Telangana’ was intended to examine the marketing mix and BCG Matrix for selected biopesticide companies, awareness towards biopesticides. The results revealed that K N Bioscience company, Pratibha Biotech company and Varsha Bioscience company biopesticide products are useful for all crops and these companies products are mostly available in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Gujarat region. The prices of chemical pesticides in all categories are more than the price of biopesticides whereas the price difference ranges between Rs 230 to Rs 680. The BCG analysis shows that Verchi power and Paci-N power products of K N Bioscience company fall in the stars quadrant, Biostrom and Shock products of Varsha Bioscience company fall under the question marks quadrant, CID, Pro-kill and De-bug are the products of Pratibha Biotech company fall in cash cow quadrant. VBT and Toxin products of Varsha Bioscience company fall under the dog's quadrant.

Research and Development of Biopesticides: Challenges and Prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Ndolo ◽  
Elizabeth Njuguna ◽  
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji ◽  
Chioma Harbor ◽  
Arielle Rowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Even though pesticides have greatly contributed to boosting agricultural productivity and farmer income over the years, there have been concerns about the safety of some of these pest control products. Besides, there has been a growing demand for good quality and safe food in the recent past – as reflected in the stringent regulations on pesticide residue levels in produce. Biopesticides in comparison with conventional synthetic chemical pesticides are usually less toxic, generally affect only the target pest and closely related organisms, are often effective in relatively small quantities and decompose faster, resulting in lower exposure. Consequently, over the last few years, biopesticides have attracted global attention as a safer pest control strategy for incorporation into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes. Besides, in the last decade, adoption of IPM programmes has significantly enhanced pest management practices and, in some cases, reduced pesticide use, consequently reducing the rise in demand for synthetic chemical pesticides. Also, the development of new synthetic chemical pesticides has declined considerably in the recent past, as regulations have become tighter, with products being withdrawn from the market, resulting in a more limited choice of chemical solutions such that biopesticides have become a more feasible option. Many countries have also increasingly lowered chemical Maximum Residue Levels for agricultural imports which have made it increasingly necessary to explore pest control options which would ensure reduced reliance on the use of synthetic chemical pesticides. In this paper, avenues of addressing challenges to biopesticide research and development are evaluated by seeking the inputs of a wide range of stakeholders, building on a recent international workshop with biopesticides practitioners from across the globe. Prospects for biopesticide application are detailed using a case study on the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Africa.

scholarly journals Complex dynamics and coexistence of period-doubling and period-halving bifurcations in an integrated pest management model with nonlinear impulsive control

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changtong Li ◽  
Sanyi Tang ◽  
Robert A. Cheke
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Solution ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Impulsive Control ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Period Doubling Bifurcation ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model

Abstract An expectation for optimal integrated pest management is that the instantaneous numbers of natural enemies released should depend on the densities of both pest and natural enemy in the field. For this, a generalised predator–prey model with nonlinear impulsive control tactics is proposed and its dynamics is investigated. The threshold conditions for the global stability of the pest-free periodic solution are obtained based on the Floquet theorem and analytic methods. Also, the sufficient conditions for permanence are given. Additionally, the problem of finding a nontrivial periodic solution is confirmed by showing the existence of a nontrivial fixed point of the model’s stroboscopic map determined by a time snapshot equal to the common impulsive period. In order to address the effects of nonlinear pulse control on the dynamics and success of pest control, a predator–prey model incorporating the Holling type II functional response function as an example is investigated. Finally, numerical simulations show that the proposed model has very complex dynamical behaviour, including period-doubling bifurcation, chaotic solutions, chaos crisis, period-halving bifurcations and periodic windows. Moreover, there exists an interesting phenomenon whereby period-doubling bifurcation and period-halving bifurcation always coexist when nonlinear impulsive controls are adopted, which makes the dynamical behaviour of the model more complicated, resulting in difficulties when designing successful pest control strategies.

scholarly journals Intercropping Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) with Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum) Reduces Major Pest Population Densities without Impacting Natural Enemy Populations

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Xiao-wei Li ◽  
Xin-xin Lu ◽  
Zhi-jun Zhang ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Jin-ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Population Suppression

Intercropping of aromatic plants provides an environmentally benign route to reducing pest damage in agroecosystems. However, the effect of intercropping on natural enemies, another element which may be vital to the success of an integrated pest management approach, varies in different intercropping systems. Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), has been reported to be repellent to many insect species. In this study, the impact of sweet pepper/rosemary intercropping on pest population suppression was evaluated under greenhouse conditions and the effect of rosemary intercropping on natural enemy population dynamics was investigated. The results showed that intercropping rosemary with sweet pepper significantly reduced the population densities of three major pest species on sweet pepper, Frankliniella intonsa, Myzus persicae, and Bemisia tabaci, but did not affect the population densities of their natural enemies, the predatory bug, Orius sauteri, or parasitoid, Encarsia formosa. Significant pest population suppression with no adverse effect on released natural enemy populations in the sweet pepper/rosemary intercropping system suggests this could be an approach for integrated pest management of greenhouse-cultivated sweet pepper. Our results highlight the potential of the integration of alternative pest control strategies to optimize sustainable pest control.

scholarly journals Konsep dan Implementasi Teknologi Budi Daya Ramah Lingkungan pada Tanaman Tembakau, Serat, dan Minyak Industri Concept and Implementation of Environmentally-Friendly Technologies in Cultivation of Tobacco, Fiber, and Industrial Oil Crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
. Nurindah
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Land Conservation ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Industrial Oil ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

<p>Penerapan teknologi ramah lingkungan budi daya tanaman pada suatu lahan akan dapat mempertahankan kelestarian lingkungan. Penciptaan teknologi budi daya tanaman tembakau, serat, dan minyak industri di-arahkan pada teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutu hasil, efisiensi biaya usaha tani, dan ramah lingkungan. Teknologi ramah lingkungan difokuskan pada penemuan komponen teknologi prapa-nen yang mempunyai dampak minimal terhadap pencemaran atau perusakan lingkungan, yang meliputi va-rietas-varietas unggul, teknik pengendalian hama dan penyakit, teknik konservasi lahan tembakau. Varietas-varietas unggul tersebut adalah varietas-varietas yang mempunyai ketahanan terhadap hama dan penyakit, yaitu tembakau Prancak 95, Prancak N1, Prancak N2, Kemloko 2, dan Grompol Jatim 1; kapas: Kanesia 11–Kanesia 13; kenaf: Karangploso 14–Karangploso 15; wijen: Sumberrejo 4; dan jarak kepyar: Asembagus 81. Teknik pengendalian hama dan penyakit yang ramah lingkungan adalah teknologi pengendalian hama yang membatasi atau meniadakan penggunaan insektisida kimia sintetik dan menerapkan teknik pengendalian de-ngan memanfaatkan peran musuh alami serangga hama atau antagonis patogen penyebab penyakit, dan penggunaan pestisida nabati. Teknik konservasi lahan untuk mengendalikan erosi dan penyakit lincat dikem-bangkan pada lahan tembakau temanggung dengan menerapkan penggunaan varietas tahan penyakit, pem-buatan terassering dan penguatnya, pengolahan lahan minimal, dan aplikasi mikroba antagonis. Teknologi ramah lingkungan tersebut telah diterapkan di tingkat petani dan memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap pengembangan komoditas.</p><p>Technology innovations for tobacco, fibers, and industrial-oil crops are directed to increase production and quality of the products, efficiency, and environmentally-friendly technologies. The efficiency and environ-menttally-friendly technologies are focused on the pre-harvest technology innovations that have minimal im-pacts on environmental damages. The technologies include superior varieties, pest control, and land conser-vation. The superior varieties are those that resistant to either insect pests or diseases, i.e. tobacco: Prancak 95, Prancak N1, Prancak N2, Kemloko 2, and Grompol Jatim 1; cotton: Kanesia 11–Kanesia 13; kenaf: Ka-rangploso 14–Karangploso 15; sesame: Sumberrejo 4; and  castor: Asembagus 81.  Environmentally-friendly pest control is to limit or no use synthetic-chemical pesticides in pest control, but optimally make use the role of natural enemies and antagonists and use biopesticides. Land conservation technique to control erosi-on as well as ”lincat’ disease has been developed in fields of temanggung tobacco by using tobacco variety resistant to the disease, terracering, minimum tillage, and application of antagonist microbes. Those techno-logies has been implemented in the farmers’ fields and has a positive impacts for the commodity develop-ment.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Effects of Different Water Regimes and Spacing on Insect Pest Infestation and Efficacy of Control Measures in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. A. Oso ◽  
G. O. Awe
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
And Control

Aim: Information on the influence of water availability during different seasons of rainfed or irrigated agriculture as it relates to insect pest population build-up in crops could assist in the development of integrated pest management. A study was therefore conducted to investigate effects of spacing, pest infestation and control on cucumber under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Place and Duration of Study: At the Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria during the 2016/2017 rainy and dry seasons. Methodology: The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split-plot arrangement in five replications, with spacing (60 x 60 cm, 60 x 90 cm and 60 x 120 cm) as the main plot treatments and the sub-plot treatments were different pest control strategies. The pest control strategies include synthetic insecticide (Lambda-cyhalothrin), botanical insecticide (Anogeissus leiocarpus) and control. Growth parameters and yield attributes were recorded. Insect pest occurrence, their build-up and percentage infestation on cucumber and the efficacy of the management strategies were monitored. Results: The results showed that yield was enhanced in irrigated system with the widest spacing of 60 x 120 cm botanical treatment interaction. Bemisia tabaci was the most prominent insect pest attacking cucumber under irrigated system. Conclusion: Other cultural control practices such as the use of trap crops with little or no financial implication should also be added to botanical pesticides as an integrated pest management tactic for effective management and control of the pest.

scholarly journals Tea Field Condition and Pest Management Survey for the Development of a Hillside Tea Field Pest Control Machine

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (108) ◽  
pp. 108_81-108_89
Author(s):  
Kimiaki Murai ◽  
Shigeo Okumura ◽  
Yoshikazu Takewaka ◽  
Takuya Araki ◽  
Seiichi Yoneyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Tea Field ◽  
Control Machine

Plant health, plant protection and abiotic factors.

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-195
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Control Options

Abstract This chapter describes (i) major greenhouse pests (including insects, mites and nematodes) and pest control options focusing on integrated pest management (which involves the use of 'ofter' control options such as biological and microbial control combined with physical exclusion, pest trapping, resistant crops and other methods); (ii) selected diseases of hydroponic crops, including those caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses; and (iii) physiological disorders caused by non-living or non-infectious factors such as temperature, light, irrigation water quality and salinity, chemical injury (phytotoxicity), and cultural practices.

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