KEEFEKTIFAN DOSIS TEPUNG BIJI SRIKAYA (Annona squamosa L.) DALAM MENGENDALIKAN HAMA BUBUK KEDELAI (Callosobruchus analis F.) DI PENYIMPANAN

Soybean is an important food crop in Indonesia, which contains a lot of protein and is useful as an industrial ingredient and animal feed. Callosobruchus analis F. is a pest that causes a decrease in soybean production in storage. The suggestion recommended is to use plant based insecticides by using custard apple seed (Annona squamosa L.). This research aims to obtain a dose of custard apple seed flour (Annona squamosa) that is effective in controlling soy pest Callosobruchus analis in stored soybean seeds. The research was conducted at the Plant Pest Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, from July to October 2019. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The dose treatment of custard apple seed flour was given to each experimental unit was 0 g.100 g-1 soybean seeds, 2 g.100 g-1 soybean seeds, 4 g.100 g-1 soybean seeds, 6 g.100 g-1 soybean seed, 8 g.100 g-1 soybean seed and 10 g.100 g-1 soybean seed. The results showed that the provision of custard apple seed flour at a dose of 4 g.100 g-1 of soybean seeds was effective in killing C. analis pests. This could cause a total mortality of 80% with early death of 14.50 hours after application and LT50 34.00 hours after application with an individual increase of 19.25 C. analis pests with a percentage of weight depreciation of soybean seeds of 1.93%.

Toxicity and Effects of Nimolcine (Neem Compound) and Acorus calamus on Cholinesterase Enzyme of Callosobruchus analis in Comparison with Chemical Pesticides

In the present research study Nimolicine (neem compound), Acorus calamus(crude extract) Cypermethrin (pyrethroid) and Methamidophos (organophosphate) were examined against Callosobruchus analis (F) by Filter paper impregnation method. Presently, LC50 values were found as 19, 5.1, 2.2 and 16and#181;g/cm2 for nimolicine, Acorus calamus crude extract, cypermethrin and methamidopos respectively after 24 hours of treatment. The order of effectiveness was observed as cypermethrin andgt;Acorus calamus andgt; methamidophos andgt;Nimolicine. The cholinesterase % inhibition was observed as 37.5, 40, 12 and 65% for Nimolicine, Acorus calamus, cypermethrin and methamidopos respectively. This research determines that Acorus calamus and Nimolicine both have a valuable potential against the Callosobruchus analis. However, further investigation is indispensable to see the effectiveness of these compounds for the positive pest control acceptable by integrated pest management (IPM) in economic, environmental and social means.

Morphometric Analysis of the Developmental Stages and Insecticidal Efficacy of Three Botanical Oils Against Adult Callosobruchus analis

The developmental stages of Callosobruchus analis were observed under laboratory conditions at 28 ± 2 °C and 72 ± 5% relative humidity. The results showed that female C. analis began to lay eggs within 24 hours and have an oviposition period of 8.50 ± 0.70 days and an average of 13.00 ± 0.50 eggs were laid by individual C. analis throughout their lifetime. The mean developmental periods from egg to larva and larva to pupa were observed to be 8.50 ± 0.79 and 4.50 ± 0.70 days, respectively. The unmated bruchids were observed to have lived longer than the mated bruchids as the unmated bruchids lifespan was on average 10.50 ± 0.81 days, as opposed to 2.50 ± 0.75 days for mated females. Adult male C. analis have an average antenna length of 2.96 ± 0.08 mm which is slightly longer than 2.42 ± 0.12 mm on average for female bruchids. The three botanical oil extracts from Capsicum frutescens, Anacardium occidentale and Xylopia aethiopica used at 10.0% concentration were not effective, as none of them resulted in a mortality rate of 50% when recorded 3 days after treatment.