Research and Development of Biopesticides: Challenges and Prospects

Even though pesticides have greatly contributed to boosting agricultural productivity and farmer income over the years, there have been concerns about the safety of some of these pest control products. Besides, there has been a growing demand for good quality and safe food in the recent past – as reflected in the stringent regulations on pesticide residue levels in produce. Biopesticides in comparison with conventional synthetic chemical pesticides are usually less toxic, generally affect only the target pest and closely related organisms, are often effective in relatively small quantities and decompose faster, resulting in lower exposure. Consequently, over the last few years, biopesticides have attracted global attention as a safer pest control strategy for incorporation into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes. Besides, in the last decade, adoption of IPM programmes has significantly enhanced pest management practices and, in some cases, reduced pesticide use, consequently reducing the rise in demand for synthetic chemical pesticides. Also, the development of new synthetic chemical pesticides has declined considerably in the recent past, as regulations have become tighter, with products being withdrawn from the market, resulting in a more limited choice of chemical solutions such that biopesticides have become a more feasible option. Many countries have also increasingly lowered chemical Maximum Residue Levels for agricultural imports which have made it increasingly necessary to explore pest control options which would ensure reduced reliance on the use of synthetic chemical pesticides. In this paper, avenues of addressing challenges to biopesticide research and development are evaluated by seeking the inputs of a wide range of stakeholders, building on a recent international workshop with biopesticides practitioners from across the globe. Prospects for biopesticide application are detailed using a case study on the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Africa.

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Chitosan: An elicitor and antimicrobial Bio-resource in plant protection

Agricultural Reviews ◽

10.18805/ag.r-1723 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Akansha Singh ◽

Kalpana Gairola, ◽

Vinod Upadhyay ◽

J. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Food Systems ◽

Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽

Management Practices ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

High Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Agriculture Sector ◽

Wide Range ◽

Chemical Pesticides ◽

Spoilage Microorganisms

Pesticide resistance and environment threat due to injudicious use of chemical pesticides for disease management employs the alteration in management practices. Chitosan, a deacetylated chitin derivative, behaves like a general elicitor, inducing a non-host resistance, and prime the plants for systemic acquired resistance in addition to this Chitosan has high antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria. The use of chitosan in agriculture and in food systems should be based on sufficient knowledge of the complex mechanisms of its elicitor and antimicrobial mode of action. In this article we a number of studies on the investigation of chitosan antimicrobial and resistance inducing properties and application of them in agriculture sector have been summarized.

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Green pest management practices for sustainable buildings: Critical review

Science Progress ◽

10.1177/0036850419842459 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 141-152

Author(s):

Venkata Kanaka Srivani Maddala

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Pest Control ◽

Management Practices ◽

Green Building ◽

Sustainable Buildings ◽

Longhorn Beetles ◽

Harmful Use ◽

Smart Technologies ◽

The Impact ◽

Target Locations

Green pest management is an environmental-friendly pest management that helps to control pests and reduces harmful use of pesticides. Pests like woodworms, longhorn beetles, fruit flies, spiders, termites and paper mites in the buildings degrade the carpets, leather, wood, cloth, food, utensils and so on. They can spread diseases, damage properties and contaminate food in our home. So, green pest management has been developed in buildings to avoid degradation and protect human health and surrounding environment. Green pest management is a relatively new concept. Its practices help to keep our building green. It includes sanitation, management, biological control, least toxic chemical pesticides and minimum use of chemicals and avoids killing of non-target species by spraying in target locations. Green Pest Control India Pvt Ltd in Borivali East, Mumbai; Herbal Pest Control Services in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Green Pest Management by Johnsons group in Hong Kong; Ehrlichs Green Pest control service in Pennsylvania; Eco Smart Technologies in United States; Green Pest Services Ecofriendly and Organic Pest Control at St. Lucie and Martin country and so on are providing service. This green pest management is also included in green building certification rating system for all sustainable buildings. This article describes the impact of pests on the environment and sustainable pest management practices in existing homes. It is an innovative service provider with a mission of creating a ‘happy community’ as we value and respect the various needs of our customers.

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Economic Analysis of Alfalfa Integrated Management Practices

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s1074070800001863 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 109-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Clement E. Ward ◽

Alan K. Dowdy ◽

Richard C. Berberet ◽

Jimmie F. Stritzke

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Pest Management ◽

Weed Control ◽

Pest Control ◽

Management Practices ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Disciplinary Boundaries ◽

Insect Pest Control ◽

Cultivar Selection

AbstractIntegrated pest management (IPM) initially focused on insect pest control. More recently, IPM encompasses a broader concept of management, one which crosses several disciplinary boundaries. This article reports results of research dealing with four integrated management decisions for alfalfa (cultivar selection, inset control, weed control, and end-of-season harvest options).

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A Study on Biopesticides Market in Telangana

South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics ◽

10.9734/sajsse/2021/v10i330265 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 38-43

Author(s):

Kommoju Nagendra Kumar ◽

P. Radhika ◽

. Seema ◽

D. Srinivasa Chary

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Pest Control ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Marketing Mix ◽

Price Difference ◽

Biotech Company ◽

Bcg Matrix ◽

Crucial Component ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Biopesticides are a crucial component of integrated pest management programs for pest control. In India, so far only 12 types of biopesticides have been registered under the Insecticide Act, 1968. The present study entitled 'A study on biopesticides market in Telangana’ was intended to examine the marketing mix and BCG Matrix for selected biopesticide companies, awareness towards biopesticides. The results revealed that K N Bioscience company, Pratibha Biotech company and Varsha Bioscience company biopesticide products are useful for all crops and these companies products are mostly available in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Gujarat region. The prices of chemical pesticides in all categories are more than the price of biopesticides whereas the price difference ranges between Rs 230 to Rs 680. The BCG analysis shows that Verchi power and Paci-N power products of K N Bioscience company fall in the stars quadrant, Biostrom and Shock products of Varsha Bioscience company fall under the question marks quadrant, CID, Pro-kill and De-bug are the products of Pratibha Biotech company fall in cash cow quadrant. VBT and Toxin products of Varsha Bioscience company fall under the dog's quadrant.

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Landscape Maintenance Firms: II. Pest Management Practices

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-14.2.58 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 58-61

Author(s):

M.P. Garber ◽

K. Bondari

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Pest Control ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Management Practices ◽

Control Measures ◽

Plant Selection ◽

Final Size ◽

University Personnel ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Pesticide Usage

Abstract Landscape maintenance firms in Georgia were surveyed to obtain information regarding pesticide usage and factors that would facilitate adoption of non-chemical pest control measures. The trend in pest control from 1988 to 1993 was toward greater usage of non-chemical control measures. The usage trend for chemicals during that period was an increase for fungicides/bactericides and herbicides and a decrease for insecticides, with growth regulator use remaining steady. Over half (55%) of the pesticides were used for turf management. All firms expect to use about the same amount of pesticides over the next 5 years while increasing the use of non-chemical control measures. Opportunities were identified for landscape architects and university personnel to help landscape maintenance firms reduce the need for pesticides. The two most frequently identified opportunities for university personnel were to sponsor local workshops with specific training for workers on integrated pest management (IPM) practices (35.6%) and seasonal or regular newsletters with IPM reminders (30.0%). The most frequently identified opportunities available to the landscape architects to help reduce pesticide use included: (1) improved plant selection, particularly pest resistant varieties (51.8%), (2) proper site selection/location of plants (14.8%), and (3) more spacing between plants and consideration of final size (13.7%).

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Integrated Pest Management and Biological Control in High Tunnel Production

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/hortsci.19.1.61 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 61-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Laura Pickett Pottorff ◽

Karen L. Panter

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Management Practices ◽

High Tunnel ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Tunnels ◽

Minor Crops

Crops grown in high tunnels are just as susceptible to pests and diseases as those grown under greenhouse and field conditions. Crops that lend themselves economically to this type of production system are edible and/or minor crops. Therefore, labeled pesticides for these crops are limited and sometimes nonexistent. However, there is a wide range of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies available to high tunnel producers. These strategies include biological control, which is often left out of traditional IPM programs when labeled pesticides are available. High tunnel production is very conducive to the inclusion of biological controls and allows for a truly IPM system. This article provides a selective overview of common arthropod pests and diseases encountered in high tunnels, as well as strategies that have potential for becoming best management practices in high tunnels with additional research.

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Ecolabeling to Improve Product Quality and Reduce Environmental Impact: A Choice Experiment With Vegetable Farmers in Thailand

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2021.704233 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Suwanna Praneetvatakul ◽

Kampanat Vijitsrikamol ◽

Pepijn Schreinemachers

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Pest Management ◽

Human Health ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Management Practices ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Vegetable Farmers ◽

Quality Aspects ◽

Wide Range

The overuse of agricultural pesticides creates high costs to ecosystems and human health. One important reason for overuse is that markets in lower-income countries do not sufficiently differentiate agricultural produce based on quality aspects, making it difficult for consumers to select safe produce. Ecolabeling is a voluntary method of certification to gain consumer trust by differentiating produce based on environmental impact. Most studies have looked at consumer preferences for ecolabels, but the preferences of producers to adopt such labels have received much less attention. This paper aims to explore farmers' choice preference for ecolabels, safe pest management methods, human health, and the environment using a choice experiment. We sampled 303 vegetable farmers from three peri-urban provinces of Bangkok, Thailand, namely Ratchaburi, Nakhon Pathom and Pathum Thani provinces. Attributes of pest management methods and outcomes included farm ecosystems, human health, ecolabels, market opportunities, training in integrated pest management, and additional farm cost. A mixed logit model was employed to quantify the effect of each attribute on farmers' preference and marginal willingness to pay for each attribute. The data show high levels of pesticide use in vegetable production as farmers try to protect their investment from a wide range of pests and diseases. Alternative control methods are not widely available and are used in an ad-hoc manner to complement pesticides rather than substitute them. Farmers' willingness to pay for an ecolabel was 222 US$/ha/crop. However, ecolabeling had a lower priority than most other attributes. We conclude that there is a need to promote alternative pest management practices alongside ecolabels to reduce the environmental impact of vegetable farming in peri-urban areas in Thailand.

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Current Use and Potential for Implementing Forest Management Practices in Intensive Forest Management in the U.S.A.

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc61240-3 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 240-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James L. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Pest Control ◽

Management Practices ◽

Wood Products ◽

Control Technology ◽

Forest Management Practices ◽

Intensive Forest Management

Pests annually cause immense damage. To reduce these losses, foresters need to manage forests and use available pest control technology. Today, we have the means but are restricted by economic, political, and public pressures. These pressures will continue to influence how we manage. As wood products come from a shrinking land base and resource values climb, pest losses will be less tolerable, yet restrictions, such as legislation and litigation, will limit needed forest and pest management.

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Pest Management in the United States Greenhouse and Nursery Industry: I. Trends in Chemical and Nonchemical Control

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.6.3.194a ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 194b-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Melvin P. Garber ◽

William G. Hudson ◽

Jeffrey G. Norcini ◽

Ronald K. Jones ◽

Ann R. Chase ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Pest Control ◽

Management Practices ◽

Information Sources ◽

The United States ◽

Cooperative Extension Service ◽

Control Measures ◽

Primary Sources ◽

Insect Control ◽

Current Status

A national survey of the greenhouse and nursery industries was conducted to determine the current status of pest management practices. This study covers the trends in chemical and nonchemical pest control measures and factors that affect adoption of nonchemical control measures. For the 5-year period 1988-93, there appeared to be a decrease in chemical use for disease and insect control and for plant growth regulators. During the same period there was an increase in chemical weed control. The adoption of nonchemical pest control measures was concentrated in the area of insect control. The primary factors limiting use of nonchemical pest control measures were 1) availability of effective materials/biological agents, 2)availability of information, and 3) management complexity. The primary information sources on nonchemical pest control used by growers varied by size of firm and region of the country. For all respondents the primary sources were 1) industry trade journals, 2) other growers in the industry, 3) cooperative extension service, and 4) industry-sponsored seminars.

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