scholarly journals EFFECT OF HORMONE-INDUCED STRESS ON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) COAGULOGRAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 346-356
Author(s):  
Daria I BEREZINA ◽  
Lyubov L FOMINA
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Carp (Cyprinidae) is one of the dominating and most valuable fish species in fish farming. Under conditions of high-intensity cultivation, fish are systematically exposed to extreme factors that cause stress reactions, accompanied by changes in the functional state of the defense of the body systems and exert impact, primarily, on hematological parameters. The hemostatic system is one such defense systems, which counteracts bleeding through a coagulation mechanism. Hemocoagulation follows the same pattern in all vertebrates, from jawless fish to mammals, and represents an ancient adaptation of animals to stressful conditions, often associated with blood loss in nature. This research aimed to study the effect of hormone-induced stress on plasma (secondary) hemostasis in fish. Given the data fragmentation and differences in methodology and conditions, the lack of standardization in studying hemostasis in fish, especially in critical conditions, this problem remains not fully disclosed in global science. The article presents the results of studying carp (Cyprinus carpio) coagulogram parameters under the influence of acute and chronic stress responses, simulated by injections of synthetic cortisol analogs (dexamethasone for short-term stress, and betamethasone for chronic stress) during 21 days. The dynamics of these indicators were analyzed in comparison to intact fish. It has been established that by accelerating the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and increasing the amount of fibrinogen in the blood of fish, blood coagulation processes were clearly accelerated in all groups of animals tested by the last day of the experiment. The dynamics of other parameters, such as the content of soluble fibrin monomer complexes or antithrombin III content, indicated the simultaneous development of hypercoagulation processes in some groups. Assumptions have been made to explain the pattern of changes observed not only in treated fish but also in control animals.

scholarly journals Effects of MCPA Herbicide on Hematological Parameters and Ultrastructure of Hematopoietic Tissues of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Lutnicka ◽  
Bartosz Bojarski ◽  
Małgorzata Witeska ◽  
Maria Chmurska-Gąsowska ◽  
Wojciech Trybus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Hair cortisol and its potential value as a physiological measure of stress response in human and non-human animals

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Burnard ◽  
C. Ralph ◽  
P. Hynd ◽  
J. Hocking Edwards ◽  
A. Tilbrook
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Hair Sampling ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Technical Validation ◽  
Response To Stress

There is considerable interest in the potential for measuring cortisol in hair as a means of quantifying stress responses in human and non-human animals. This review updates the rapid advancement in our knowledge of hair cortisol, methods for its measurement, its relationship to acute and chronic stress, and its repeatability and heritability. The advantages of measuring cortisol in hair compared with other matrices such as blood, saliva and excreta and the current theories of the mechanisms of cortisol incorporation into the fibre are described. Hair cortisol as a measure of the physiological response to stress in a variety of species is presented, including correlations with other sample matrices, the relationship between hair cortisol and psychosocial stress and the repeatability and heritability of hair cortisol concentrations. Current standards for the quantification of hair cortisol are critically reviewed in detail for the first time and gaps in technical validation of these methods highlighted. The known effects of a variety of sources of hair cortisol variation are also reviewed, including hair sampling site, sex, age and adiposity. There is currently insufficient evidence to conclude that cortisol concentration in hair accurately reflects long-term blood cortisol concentrations. Similarly, there is a lack of information surrounding the mechanisms of cortisol incorporation into the hair. This review highlights several directions for future research to more fully validate the use of hair cortisol as an indicator of chronic stress.

scholarly journals Effect of β-glucan on behavioral, biochemical and hematological parameters against toxicity of copper sulfate in common carp Cyprinus carpio L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Jamal K. Al-faragi,
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Hb Concentration

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a commercial ß-glucan against acute toxic effect of copper sulfate on common carp Cyprinus carpio L. behavioral, hematological parameters and biochemical tests. A total of 250 Fish (150 ± 2 g) were fed a basal control diet or the basal diet plus a ß-glucan (1 g kg-1 diet) for 60 days. LC50 was calculated for 72 h which was 10.83 mg L-1.  At the end of the trial, CuSO4.5H2O was added to all treatments  at a dose  of  5 mgL-1  for  T1  and  T2, 7mg L-1  for  T3  and  T4, 9  mgL-1 for T5  and  T6   for  96h. Fish behavioral changes were recorded during 96h of exposure to different Cu concentrations with and without β-glucan, which showed abnormalities such as increase swimming activity, jerky movement, loss of equilibrium, respiratory stress, increase operculum movement, frequent jumping, erratic swimming and swimming near the water surface. On the other hand, ß-glucan supplemented groups showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in Hb concentration, PCV%, RBC and WBC count in comparison with groups without ß-glucan. The results of dietary groups without ß-glucan showed a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in Hb concentration, hematocrit value, RBC count, but there were significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in WBC count with an increase of Cu concentration compared to control groups. Results showed significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in dietary groups without ß-glucan in values of ALT, AST and ALP enzymes activity with elevation of Cu levels compared to control group. But, ß-glucan supplemented groups showed significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in values of ALT, AST and ALP enzymes activity in comparison with dietary groups without ß-glucan. These results suggested that β-glucan has protective effect against CuSO4 toxicity and future studies should be pursued particularly immune response and molecular studies

scholarly journals Determination of Niclosamide and its Metabolites in Liver and Muscles of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Brankica Kartalović ◽  
Mira Pucarević ◽  
Zoran Marković ◽  
Marko Stanković ◽  
Nikolina Novakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Background: Niclosamide is a medication used to treat tapeworm infestation in animals and humans. It is also lampricide and molluscicide, and can be used in in agriculture as a pesticide. In the treatment of parasitic diseases in fish, niclosamide can be used as bath or mixed with the feed. Its most important use in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is for the treatment of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, which is a very common parasite in this fish species. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of niclosamide (NIC) and its metabolite 2-chloro 4-nitro aniline (CNA) and 5-chloro salycilic acid (CSA) in the liver and muscles of common carp fingerlings.Materials, Methods & Results: The fish for the experiment were obtained from Kapetanski Rit fish pond, and were acclimated to test conditions at 20.5 ± 1°C. Common carps with an average mass of 60 ± 10 g were treated with niclosamide in concentration of 2 g/kg of feed during five consecutive days. The experiment was performed in two treatments: one control and niclosamide, in three replications.  Each group contained of 30 fish, in 120 L polyethylene tanks. At the end of the treatment, the levels of niclosamide residues were determined using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis during over 13 days. The mean values of niclosamide and CNA concentrations in the muscles ranged from 27.7 µg/kg starting from the first day to <0.5 µg/kg on the 11th day and 14.2 µg/kg from the first day to <1 µg/kg on the 9th day. The CSA metabolite in muscles were <1 µg/kg during throughout the entire study. The niclosamide concentration in the liver were found to be 51.5 (30.2-61.8) µg/kg the first day and decreased proportionally to <0.5 µg/kg on the13th day. CNA level in the liver of treated Common Carps amounted to 170.1 (157-181) µg/kg on the first day and continuously declined until the 13th day when recorded values were <1 µg/kg. The CSA concentrations in the liver reached a maximum level of 11.5 (10.1-12.8) µg/kg on the 7th day and fell to <1 µg/kg on the 13th day.Discussion: Niclosamide use in fish is questionable, primarily due to the possible toxic effects on some aquatic organisms. In Serbia, niclosamide preparation for use in aquaculture, has been produced by Veterinarski zavod Subotica since 1984 when it was registred for the first time. Niclosamid degradation mechanism showed that the metabolism of niclosamide resulted in two main metabolites CNA and CSA. Withdrawal of niclosamide and its residues in the liver and muscle in the present investigation lasted from 9 to 13 days. This decrease in residues concentrations is expected and depends primarily on several factors such as the length and concentration of drug with which the fish is treated, biotransformation, excretion and decomposition of used drug. Niclosamide and CNA were proportionally decreased during the withdrawal time, while the CSA value increased to the seventh day although the fish during this period no longer consumed food with niclosamide, after which the value then decreased until the end of its elimination. This is also not unexpected because it is known that liver and gallbladder is a major organ for collection, storage and elimination of chemical residues. Although the treated fish received 2 mg of the niclosamide per g of feed for five consecutive days results obtained in this study indicate that the maximal residues concentrations were much lower than doses of niclosamide that each fish absorbed into the body. Data obtained during this study provided information about the concentration and withdrawal times of niclosamide and its residues CNA and CSA in the liver and muscles of common carp treated orally.

Response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) leucocytes to hormone-induced stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Balabanova ◽  
D. V. Mikryakov ◽  
V. R. Mikryakov
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Scale Formation as Related to Growth and Development of Young Carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh R. McCrimmon ◽  
U. Boon Swee
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Scales began to form on the body of young carp at 16–18 mm in total length. Scales first appeared anteriorly. The first row formed immediately below the lateral line, except for the posterior four or five scales being typically on the line. Later rows formed in succession above and below the first, each beginning anteriorly. Young carp acquired the typical structure and form of the adult fish by 21 mm. Squamation was completed on fish of 22–26 mm. The development of mouth parts, swim bladder, fins, and body scales appeared to be a function of length.

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