The physiological and biochemical properties regulation of lager brewer's yeast

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Марина Васильевна Гернет ◽  
Ольга Алексеевна Борисенко ◽  
Ирина Николаевна Грибкова
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Lager Yeast ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Properties

Современные методы интенсификации производства напитков брожения часто основаны на активации жизнедеятельности дрожжей под воздействием различных технологических факторов. Одним из путей интенсификации является применение повышенной температуры в процессе накопления биомассы посевных дрожжей, что значительно влияет на удельную скорость размножения микроорганизмов. Исследование направлено на изучение влияния температурного режима накопления биомассы на морфологические и биохимические признаки дрожжей низового брожения. Изучение поставленной задачи проводилось с применением дрожжей низового брожения Saccharomyces cerevisiae расы 8аМ, f, 44 при трех температурных режимах: (6±2) °С, (20±2) °С и (30±2) °С. Исследования показали, что бродильная активность всех исследуемых рас дрожжей, биомасса которых накапливалась при (6±2) °С, выше, чем при (20±2) °С и при более (30±2) °С. Установлено, что в процессе накопления биомассы дрожжей S. cerevisiae расы 44 при температуре (30±2) °С происходит вытеснение исходной культуры другими по форме и размерам клеток. Выявлено пять отличных от исходной культуры колоний, изменения в которых устойчиво сохранялись при последующих многократных пересевах. Пять полученных штаммов обладали более низкой бродильной активностью по сравнению с исходной культурой, а три штамма полностью утратили флокуляционную способность. Modern methods of intensifying the fermentation beverages production are often based on the yeast vital activity activation under the various technological factors influence. One of the ways of intensification is the high temperature use in the process of seed yeast biomass accumulation, which significantly affects the specific rate of microorganisms reproduction. The study is aimed at studying the biomass accumulation temperature regime influence on the lager yeast morphological and biochemical characteristics. The task study was carried out with the use of lager yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae race 8aM, f, 44 at three temperature conditions: (6±2) °C, (20±2) °C and (30±2) °C. Studies have shown that the fermentation activity of all the studied yeast races, the biomass of which was accumulated at (6±2) °C, is higher than at (20±2) °C and at more than (30±2) °C. It was found that during the S. cerevisiae race 44 yeast biomass accumulation at a temperature of (30±2) °C, the original culture is replaced by other cells in shape and size. Five colonies different from the original culture were identified, the changes in which were steadily preserved during subsequent repeated replanting. Five of the resulting strains had a lower fermentation activity compared to the original culture, and three strains completely lost their flocculation ability.

scholarly journals Active Antibiotics Production by Actinomycetes Indigenous To Saudi Arabia Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Fetoon M ◽  
helaiwi Alk ◽  
Ismet Ara ◽  
Nadine Moubayed
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Desert Soils ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Properties

Streptomyces are the most popular among the Actinomycetes groups and found in soils worldwide. They form an important part of the soil ecology within the Actinomycetales order. Streptomyces are diverse as secondary antibiotic metabolites such as Novobiocin, Amphotericin, Vancomycin, Neomycin, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Erythromycin and Nystatin. Thus, the current study was aimed to isolate, identify and assess the active antibiotic metabolites produced by different actinomyces sp. found in Saudi Arabian soils. Six samples were collected from desert soils of the Al Thumamah area and analyzed using GS-MS. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to identify the bacterial strains along with their antibiotic metabolites effectiveness of secondary metabolites (antibiotics) against different Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), negative pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella suis, and Shigella sonnei) as well as the fungal strain Candida albicans was investigated. Thirty active bacterial (F1-30) strains were isolated from the soil samples and the strains F3, F7, F22, F30 have white, gray, pink, yellow and red colours respectively. Only ten strains (F13, F14, F15, F16, FI7, F18, F19, F20, F21, and F22) were found to have antimicrobial activity against at least one pathogen. The optimum growth environment was pH 4-10, temperature (300C), and NaCl (7% w/v) concentration. According to our findings, the extreme desert environment of Al Thumamah from Saudi Arabia is rich in its actinobacterial population with diverse colouring groups and various physiological and biochemical properties. This shows it’s capability of generating secondary metabolite elements that could inhibit pathogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Physiology and Nutrition of Treponema primitia, an H2/ CO2-Acetogenic Spirochete from Termite Hindguts

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1307-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Graber ◽  
John A. Breznak
Keyword(s):  
Nadh Oxidase ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Termite Hindgut ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Properties

ABSTRACT Treponema primitia strains ZAS-1 and ZAS-2, the first spirochetes to be isolated from termite hindguts (J. R. Leadbetter, T. M. Schmidt, J. R. Graber, and J. A. Breznak, Science 283:686-689, 1999), were examined for nutritional, physiological, and biochemical properties relevant to growth and survival in their natural habitat. In addition to using H2 plus CO2 as substrates, these strains were capable of homoacetogenic growth on mono- and disaccharides and (in the case of ZAS-2) methoxylated benzenoids. Cells were also capable of mixotrophic growth (i.e., simultaneous utilization of H2 and organic substrates). Cell extracts of T. primitia possessed enzyme activities of the Wood/Ljungdahl (acetyl coenzyme A) pathway of acetogenesis, including tetrahydrofolate-dependent enzymes of the methyl group-forming branch. However, a folate compound was required in the medium for growth. ZAS-1 and ZAS-2 growing on H2 plus CO2 displayed H2 thresholds of 650 and 490 ppmv, respectively. Anoxic cultures of ZAS-1 and ZAS-2 maintained growth after the addition of as much as 0.5% (vol/vol) O2 to the headspace atmosphere. Cell extracts exhibited NADH and NADPH peroxidase and NADH oxidase activities but neither catalase nor superoxide dismutase activity. Results indicate that (i) T. primitia is able to exploit a variety of substrates derived from the food of its termite hosts and in so doing contributes to termite nutrition via acetogenesis, (ii) in situ growth of T. primitia is likely dependent on secretion of a folate compound(s) by other members of the gut microbiota, and (iii) cells possess enzymatic adaptations to oxidative stress, which is likely to be encountered in peripheral regions of the termite hindgut.

scholarly journals Emended descriptions of the genus Lewinella and of Lewinella cohaerens, Lewinella nigricans and Lewinella persica, and description of Lewinella lutea sp. nov. and Lewinella marina sp. nov.

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2946-2951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shams Tabrez Khan ◽  
Yukiyo Fukunaga ◽  
Yasuyoshi Nakagawa ◽  
Shigeaki Harayama
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Marine Sediment Sample ◽  
Pacific Coast Of Japan ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Properties

Two strains, MKG-38T and FYK2402M69T, were isolated from a marine sediment sample and a sea snail, respectively, both collected on the Pacific coast of Japan. Phylogeny of these new isolates based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that they are members of the genus Lewinella. Morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of these two isolates, together with the type strains of the three previously described species of the genus Lewinella, were characterized. The new isolates were Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, chemo-organotrophic and able to degrade starch and CM-cellulose. A comparative polyphasic study showed that these two isolates represent two novel species of the genus Lewinella, for which the names Lewinella marina sp. nov. (type strain, MKG-38T=NBRC 102633T=NCIMB 14312T) and Lewinella lutea sp. nov. (type strain, FYK2402M69T=NBRC 102634T=NCIMB 14313T) are proposed. Emended descriptions of the genus Lewinella (Sly et al. 1998) and of Lewinella cohaerens, Lewinella nigricans and Lewinella persica are also proposed.

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