Design, Development and Evaluation of Anisomeles indica Herbal Cough Syrup

2021 ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Yogesh V. Ushir ◽  
Kundan J. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Stability Testing ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Scale Preparation ◽  
Cough Syrup ◽  
Work Done

The objective of the present study was to design, development and evaluation antitussive herbal cough syrup because designing of oral herbal formulation is still a challenge in modern pharmaceutics and the syrup formulation presents many technical problems to the industrial pharmacist. Potential antitussive herbs were used for developing the herbal cough syrup. Decoction of plant Anisomeles indica, Leaves of Adhathoda vasika, stems of Glycyrrhiza glabra, fruits of Piper nigrum and plant of Mentha piperita was prepared. One part of decoction was mixed with five parts of simple syrup IP (1:5) to prepare formulation. The formulations were evaluated by morphological characters, physical parameters like PH, Specific gravity, viscosity etc. Herbal cough syrup was also subjected for the accelerated stability testing (AST) for the period of 72hours at accelerated temperature conditions. No marked changes were noticed in all the evaluated parameters during AST. The laboratory scale preparation of herbal Syrup may be used as a stable, liquid dosage form and the work done in stability testing may help in the progress of shelf-life determination studies. The presence study includes design, development and evaluation of Anisomeles indica herbal cough syrup first time.

On the Pressure Dependency of Physical Parameters in Case of Heat Transfer Problems of Supercritical Water

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Hazi ◽  
Istvan Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Convective Term ◽  
Pressure Work ◽  
Thermophysical Parameters ◽  
Pressure Dependency ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Transfer Problems ◽  
Work Done

Studying heat transfer problems of supercritical water, the pressure dependency of thermophysical parameters (density, specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity) and the work done by pressure are often neglected. Here we show that the variations of some physical parameters as functions of pressure have the same order of magnitude than their variations as functions of temperature in supercritical water. Therefore, pressure dependency of physical parameters should be taken into account in heat transfer calculations of supercritical water. It is also pointed out that the work done by pressure should not be neglected in supercritical water since the pressure work term has the same order of magnitude than the convective term near the pseudocritical temperature.

Neural Network-Based Adaptive Monitoring System for Power Transformer

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Ottele ◽  
Rahmat Shoureshi
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Hopfield Network ◽  
Adaptive Observer ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Adaptive Monitoring ◽  
Transformer Model

Power transformers are major elements of the electric power transmission and distribution infrastructure. Transformer failure has severe economical impacts from the utility industry and customers. This paper presents analysis, design, development, and experimental evaluation of a robust failure diagnostic technique. Hopfield neural networks are used to identify variations in physical parameters of the system in a systematic way, and adapt the transformer model based on the state of the system. In addition, the Hopfield network is used to design an observer which provides accurate estimates of the internal states of the transformer that can not be accessed or measured during operation. Analytical and experimental results of this adaptive observer for power transformer diagnostics are presented.

scholarly journals Economics in the Cyberclassroom

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Instructional Technologies ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Teaching Economics

The coming of the cyberclassroom may change almost everything we do in teaching economics. This article discusses the size and scope of the cybereconomics market; the range and mix of instructional technologies; course design, development, and content; cyberinfrastructure and technical support; student characteristics, performance, and access; and labor issues. Some key findings include: the cybereconomics market is small but rapidly growing. Technical problems are common but can be minimized. It takes instructors significantly more time both to develop and teach a typical cybereconomics courses. Institutions, rather than instructors, are capturing a lion's share of the intellectual property rights.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogeny of Puerto Rico Bank dwarf geckos (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae: Sphaerodactylus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Reynolds ◽  
Aryeh H Miller ◽  
Liam J Revell ◽  
ALEJANDRO RIOS-FRANCESCHI ◽  
Clair A. Huffine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Work Done

The genus Sphaerodactylus is a very species-rich assemblage of sphaerodactylid lizards that has undergone a level of speciation in parallel to that of the well-known Anolis lizards. Nevertheless, molecular phylogenetic research on this group consists of a handful of smaller studies of regional focus (e.g., western Puerto Rico, the Lesser Antilles) or large-scale analyses based on relatively limited sequence data. Few medium-scale multi-locus studies exist; for example, studies that encompass an entire radiation on an island group. Building upon previous work done in Puerto Rican Sphaerodactylus, we performed multi-locus sampling of Sphaerodactylus geckos from across the Puerto Rico Bank. We then used these data for phylogeny estimation with near-complete taxon sampling. We focused on sampling the widespread nominal species S. macrolepis and in so doing, we uncovered a highly divergent and morphologically distinct lineage of Sphaerodactylus macrolepis from Puerto Rico, Culebra, and Vieques islands, which we re-describe herein as S. grandisquamis (Stejneger, 1904) comb. nov. on the basis of molecular and morphological characters. S. grandisquamis comb. nov. co-occurs with S. macrolepis only on Culebra Island but is highly genetically differentiated and morphologically distinct. Sphaerodactylus macrolepis is now restricted to the eastern Puerto Rico Bank, from Culebra east through the Virgin Islands and including the topotypic population on St. Croix. We include additional discussion of the evolutionary history and historical biogeography of the Sphaerodactylus of the Puerto Rican Bank in the context of these new discoveries.

Neural Network-Based Adaptive Monitoring System for Power Transformer

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Ottele ◽  
Rahmat Shoureshi ◽  
Duane Torgerson ◽  
John Work
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Hopfield Network ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Adaptive Observer ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Adaptive Monitoring

Abstract Power transformers are major elements of the electric power transmission and distribution infrastructure. Transformer failure has severe economical impacts from the utility industry and customers. This paper presents analysis, design, development and experimental results of a robust failure diagnostic technique. Hopfield neural networks are used to identify variations in physical parameters of the system in a systematic way, and adapt the transformer model based on the state of the system. In addition, the Hopfield network is used to design an observer which provides accurate estimates of the internal states of the transformer that can not be accessed or measured during operation. The estimated physical parameters are then passed to a neural network to be classified into regions representing various parameter patterns. Analytical and experimental results of this adaptive observer for power transformer diagnostics are presented.

scholarly journals The isolation and serological differentiation of bacillus tetani

1918 ◽  
Vol 90 (626) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Type I ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Serological Investigation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Work Done

As the history of bacteriology has shown that conditions regarded as clinical entities may be caused by a number of different organisms, it seemed of importance to determine whether the Bacillus tetani is an individual micro-organism, or whether there are several organisms differing from one another, but all capable of elaborating a spasm-producing toxin. This enquiry involves the demarcation of the tetanus bacilli from similar organisms and their differentiation inter se , by serological methods. By employing the agglutination reaction it can be shown that there are at least three serological types of B. tetani . One of these, which may be designated Type I, has hitherto been almost exclusively used for the preparation of antitoxin, and, so far as is known, such antitoxin protects against the toxin of all three types. The results obtained in the present investigation suggest that this is only partially true, as the types of B. tetani isolated from cases of the disease do not correspond serologically with the type in common use for the preparation of antitoxin. This question is still under consideration, as the number of cultures so far examined is too limited to permit of far-reaching conclusions being drawn from the work done. In attempting to isolate numbers of strains of B. tetani it is found that there are frequently present in the wounds of men suffering from tetanus, bacilli which have morphological characters so like those of B. tetani that they might readily be mistaken for that organism. Serological investigation of these (non-toxic) micro-organisms, which might be referred to as tetanoid bacilli, shows that they too constitute a group, the members of which can be differentiated one from another by serological methods.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization and yield of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) types grown in Morogoro District, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Jafari Shango ◽  
Ramadhani Omari Majubwa ◽  
Amon Petro Maerere
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Leaf Petiole

Abstract Background Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is among key spice crops grown in Morogoro district of Tanzania. Most of the pepper types grown in the district are only known by their local names as Babu kubwa, Babu ndogo, Babu kati and Ismailia. This may limit information on germplasm collection or genetic resource for plant improvement and trade in markets with variety specifications. The aim of this study was to generate preliminary information of the pepper types based on their morphological characteristics for easy comparison with other known pepper varieties in the spices industry. Methods The evaluation of pepper morphological characters was conducted following a randomized complete block design with three replications and four treatments (pepper types). Observations were recorded with respect to 28 characters (9 qualitative and 19 quantitative) which entail vegetative (8) and reproductive (20) traits. The quantitative data for vegetative, inflorescence and berry characters were subjected to analysis of variance. Mean separation test was conducted using Turkey’s Honest Significance Test at (α = 0.05). Correlation and regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between yield and yield attributes of pepper. Results Babu kubwa and Babu ndogo pepper types were characterized by erect and horizontal branching habit, whereas the others showed hanging habit. Babu kubwa had longer spikes (12.4 cm), leaves blade (17.9 cm), leaf petiole (2.8 cm), wider leaves (12.9 cm) and larger berries (5.8 mm) than all other pepper types. Babu kubwa and Babu kati had cordate and acute leaf bases, respectively while other types had round leaf base shapes. The highest number of flowers was recorded on Babu kubwa (93.5) and Ismailia (90.7) with spikes weighing 7.6 g and 7.5 g, respectively compared to other types. Babu ndogo and Ismailia had compact spikes, while other types had medium loose spikes. Babu kati had the highest number of spikes kg−1 (282.6) due its lower spike weight compared to other types. The highest weight of 100 fresh spikes (704.3 g) and 1000 fresh berries (164.2 g) was recorded on Ismailia. Spike length was significantly positively correlated to yield (r = 0.23, R2 = 0.08, p < 0.001). However, yield had a significant negative correlation with the number of spikes kg−1 (r =  −0.85, R2 = 0.017, p = 0.001) and fresh weight of 1000 berries (r = −0.91, R2 = 0.003, p = 0.04). Conclusions The pepper types grown in Morogoro district differed significantly based on most of the evaluated traits. This information can be used to formulate methods and strategies for conservation and in turn genetic improvement of the crop. Despite that the pepper types literary matched with characters of some well-known commercial varieties, confirmation of genetic relatedness is yet needed. Further studies need to be conducted in consecutive years and involve assessment of internal quality attributes. Other studies should encompass wider range of pepper types from other producing areas in Tanzania in order to establish their morphological distinctness, genetic diversity and interrelationships in relation to the globally known commercial varieties.

scholarly journals Diversity of black pepper plant (Piper nigrum) in Bangka Island (Indonesia) based on agro-morphological characters

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigih Ibnu Prayoga ◽  
Ropalia Ropalia ◽  
Sitti Nurul Aini ◽  
Eries Dyah Mustikarini ◽  
Yuniar Rosalin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Pepper Plants

Abstract. Prayoga GP, Aini SN, Mustikarini, ED, Rosalin Y. 2020. Diversity of black pepper plant (Piper nigrum L.) in Bangka Island (Indonesia) based on agro-morphological characters. Biodiversitas 21: 652-660. Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) production in Bangka Belitung Islands Province continued to decrease in 2014-2017. Efforts to increase black pepper production was carried out by providing superior varieties that began with an increase in the genetic diversity of black pepper plants. Increasing the genetic diversity of black pepper can be done through black pepper germplasm exploration activities followed by characterization. The research aimed to obtain the agro-morphological characteristics of black pepper plants in Bangka island. Exploration was carried out by survey method in four regencies in Bangka Island. The research method used a survey method with convenience sampling technique. Observation of agro-morphological characters was carried out in accordance with the descriptor for black pepper from IPGRI (1995). The results of exploration of black pepper plants in Bangka Island have found 9 accessions of black pepper plants, consisting of 5 cultivars were Lampung Daun Lebar (LDL), Lampung Daun Kecil (LDK), Chunuk, and Jambi and 4 landraces namely Bogor, Peremis, Keriwil, and Merapin Daun Kecil (MDK). There were morphological differences in 9 accessions of black pepper plants, namely leaf lamina shape, leaf vein, leaf margin, lateral branch habit, leaf base shape, ripe fruit color, hanging vines, ground vines, and stem shape. Agro-morphological relationship of 9 accessions of black pepper plants can be divided into 5 clusters at a 50% similarity level. Based on this study, black pepper breeding program on Bangka Island could be done accessions of Peremis, Bogor, Nyelungkup, and Jambi as genetic sources. Furthermore, selection would be better to use length of petiole, length of stem segment, fruit size, percentage of perfect fruit, weight of 1000 fruits, and the weight of 1000 dried seeds as the selection criteria.

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