scholarly journals The Effect Of Styrofoam As An Additive In Laston Lapis Aus Mixture

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405
Author(s):  
Naisel Lolok ◽  
Nur Ali ◽  
Rais Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Material ◽  
Mixed Characteristic ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Characteristic Values

Styrofoam is waste from the disposal of electronic material buffers. This waste can be found in several main places in electronic store warehouses. This study aims to determine the value of the characteristics of the mixture of Laston Lapis Aus the effect of Styrofoam as an additive on the characteristics of the mixture of Laston Lapis Aus which uses the Malili river aggregate and Styrofoam as an added material through testing. The method used is the Conventional Marshall Method which tests and analyzes the characteristics of the mixture. The results showed the characteristics of the Laston Lapis Aus mixture using Malili River Stone and Styrofoam as added materials. Through Marshall test testing, the mixed characteristic values, namely stability, flow, VIM, VMA, and VFB all met the General Specifications of Highways 2018. The effect of adding Styrofoam to the mixture Laston Lapis Aus is able to fill voids in the mixture which makes the voids smaller, making the bonds between the aggregates stronger so that with the addition of Styrofoam the mixture becomes more water-resistant/resistant to water, weather and traffic loads.

scholarly journals BAHAN TAMBAH SERAT ECENG GONDOK PADA LASTON TIPE XI TERHADAP INDEKS MARSHALL TEST MENGGUNAKAN KERIKIL MANTUP

UKaRsT ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Sugeng Dwi Hartantyo ◽  
Rasiyo Hepiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Technical Specifications

Laston is a mixture of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and filler with a binder under the temperature of 145-155oC with the composition being studied and regulated by technical specifications. Laston is also known as AC (Asphalt Concrete).Laston itself is commonly used in Indonesia with continuous gradations used for heavy traffic loads. To get the addictive material is not easy and the material is expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternatives to the cellulose fiber. Water hyacinth is a water weed that once grow and develop, it has high cellulose fiber content, which is about 60%.For that, done a research to add a hot asphalt mixture material that aims to improve the quality of mixed result. The selected material is natural water hyacinth. The method used is trial and error with reference of SNI 03-1737-1989. Variations used are 3%, 5%, and 7% of the asphalt weight, asphalt level used Is 5.61%.The result of this study is Marshall evaluation where the greatest score obtained for stability is 1325 kg,  Flow is 3.73 mm, Quotient Marshall is 401.02 kg/mm, VMA is 66.30%, VFWA is 19.25%, and VIM score is 54.35 %. With this result, the asphalt mixture can not be used because the results of VMA, VFWA, and VIM have not been suitable on specification of SNI 03-1737-1989.  Keywords: Laston, Asphalt Concrete, Water Hyacinth, SNI 03-1737-1989.

scholarly journals Investigation of textile waste usage in stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (05) ◽  
pp. 469-481
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Cellulose Fibre ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Textile Waste ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Research Show

Stone mastic asphalt pavements are preferred worldwide as they are more resistant to heavy traffic loads. The stone mastic asphalt pavement design involves the use of 70-80% of coarse aggregate, 8-12% of filler, 5-7% of binder, and approximately 0.3-0.5% of fibre. The gap-graded structure and high binder content of stone mastic asphalt cause bitumen to drain down from aggregates. Marshall test and Schellenberg bitumen drainage test are performed in this research on samples prepared with different quantities of textile waste and cellulose fibre. The results of the research show that textile waste can be used instead of traditional fibres.

Traffic loads for the assessment of existing bridges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vazul Boros ◽  
Roman Lenner ◽  
Alan O'Connor ◽  
Andre Orcesi ◽  
Franziska Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Universal Solution ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
Partial Factor

<p>IABSE TG 1.3 aims to identify appropriate approaches for applications of the partial factor format in assessment of existing bridges. A sub-group was formed to investigate and provide recommendations on updating road traffic loads. Commonly, these are assessed by complex numerical simulations. While this study does not provide a universal solution, it demonstrates by a case study a simple and reasonably conservative way of using simulations to update traffic load effects, meanwhile continuously highlighting the objectives, potential alternatives or pitfalls of simulations. The results indicate that, for the short, single span bridge under consideration, the characteristic values given in Eurocodes provide conservative estimates. The probabilistic model for traffic loading obtained by bridge- and route-specific simulations will yield substantially more favourable reliability levels in comparison to the general model in fib Bulletin 80.</p>

scholarly journals Warm mix asphalt mixture using modified asbuton semi extraction modify and synthetic zeolite additive

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Leo Sentosa ◽  
S Subagio Bambang ◽  
Harmein Rahman ◽  
R. Anwar Yamin
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Synthetic Zeolite ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Asphalt Modification ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Pavement Construction

Modifying asphalt aims to improve the performance of the asphalt pavement construction as indicated by increased resistance to permanent deformation and fatigue crack. Asbuton Semi Extraction is one of the materials that can be used for asphalt modification. The addition of Asbuton semi-extraction increases the value of Bitumen Stability Modulus, resistance to permanent deformation and can also increase the asphalt PG value, but require a higher temperature for mixing and compaction. The high temperatures for the manufacture of asphalt mixtures require considerable energy at a more expensive cost and will result in large emissions. The asphalt mixing technology currently being developed is Asphalt Warm Mix, that is asphalt mixture with mixing temperature below 1500°C. One method is to use zeolite additives. The asphalt mixture with the addition of synthetic zeolite can be prepared by mixing and compaction temperatures lower than 30°C of the hot mixture. From the Marshall test, it is known that zeolite addition of 0.3% of the total weight of the mixture gives the characteristic values of the asphalt mixture which still meets the requirements of the specification used. Increased zeolite levels minimize the value of mixed resistance to the immersion indicated by the IRS Marshall value.

scholarly journals Code Calibration of the Eurocodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5474
Author(s):  
Tuomo Poutanen
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Reliability Model ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Rounding Errors ◽  
Code Calibration ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Characteristic Values

This article addresses the process to optimally select safety factors and characteristic values for the Eurocodes. Five amendments to the present codes are proposed: (1) The load factors are fixed, γG = γQ, by making the characteristic load of the variable load changeable, it simplifies the codes and lessens the calculation work. (2) Currently, the characteristic load of the variable load is the same for all variable loads. It creates excess safety and material waste for the variable loads with low variation. This deficiency can be avoided by applying the same amendment as above. (3) Various materials fit with different accuracy in the reliability model. This article explains two options to reduce this difficulty. (4) A method to avoid rounding errors in the safety factors is explained. (5) The current safety factors are usually set by minimizing the reliability indexes regarding the target when the obtained codes include considerable safe and unsafe design cases with the variability ratio (high reliability/low) of about 1.4. The proposed three code models match the target β50 = 3.2 with high accuracy, no unsafe design cases and insignificant safe design cases with the variability ratio 1.07, 1.03 and 1.04.

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