scholarly journals A build up of seizure prediction and detection Software: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abir Hadriche ◽  
◽  
Nawel Jmail ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Seizure Prediction ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Neurological Illness ◽  
Epilepsy Diagnosis ◽  
Detection Software ◽  
Control Seizure

Introduction: Neurological diseases are much often due to our stressed daily life, and epilepsy is considered as a second cause of hospitalization in neurological illness. It is about 30% of epileptic cases where medicine would not stop or control seizure; hence, a surgical intervention is required to delineate abnormal hyperexcitable cortical tissue. Defining these epileptogenic zones is a challenge that require physiological and anatomical acquisition. Discussion: Clinicians, researcher and engineer researcher are multiplying advanced techniques in order to exploit these acquisitions for a better diagnosis. Several software are used to enhance epilepsy diagnosis. Here we proposed a software that rely on spacetime evolution of inter- ictal gamma oscillations. Conclusion: Our proposed software would predict a build up of seizure during monitoring of stereo-electroencephalographic SEEG recording. It allows also detection of seizure during analysis and diagnosis of SEEG. This software would assist neurologist in recognition of seizure and in defining epileptogenic zone EZ. Keywords: Pharmaco-ressistant epilepsy; SEEG; Seizure build up; Prediction; Detection.

scholarly journals A Build Up of Seizure Prediction and Detection Software: A Review Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadriche A ◽  
◽  
Jmail N ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Neurological Illness ◽  
Epilepsy Diagnosis ◽  
Detection Software ◽  
Space Time Evolution ◽  
Control Seizure

Introduction: Neurological diseases are much often due to our stressed daily life, and epilepsy is considered as a second cause of hospitalization in neurological illness. It is about 30% of epileptic cases where medicine would not stop or control seizure; hence, a surgical intervention is required to delineate abnormal hyperexcitable cortical tissue. Defining these epileptogenic zones is a challenge that require physiological and anatomical acquisition. Discussion: Clinicians, researcher and engineer researcher are multiplying advanced techniques in order to exploit these acquisitions for a better diagnosis. Several software are used to enhance epilepsy diagnosis. Here we proposed a software that rely on space-time evolution of inter- ictal gamma oscillations. Conclusion: Our proposed software would predict a build up of seizure during monitoring of stereo-electroencephalographic SEEG recording. It allows also detection of seizure during analysis and diagnosis of SEEG. This software would assist neurologist in recognition of seizure and in defining epileptogenic zone EZ.

Metabolic responses to status epilepticus in the rat, cat, and mouse

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. N. Howse
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
Lactic Acidemia ◽  
Control Seizure

Prolonged sustained seizure activity (status epilepticus) was created in rats and cats using paralysis and ventilation to prevent muscular contraction and its secondary systemic effects. Under physiologic control, seizure activity was maintained for 30, 60, and 120 min. At this time the brains were frozen using the in situ technique and the cortical tissue was analyzed for energy-related metabolites. The alteration of metabolites found at these times was similar to that previously described in the first 10 min of seizure activity. No evidence was found of any significant or progressive derangement of oxidative metabolism. A progressive lactic acidemia developed in spite of adequate arterial oxygen tensions.In contrast, when mice received a similar dose of the convulsant and were allowed to convulse freely in an oxygen-enriched environment, major derangements of energy metabolism were found which were progressive and persisted following recovery for at least 18 h.

scholarly journals On The Use of Machine Learning Algorithms to Classify Focal Cortical Dysplasia on MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Guilherme Pereira ◽  
Matheus de Freitas Oliveira Baffa ◽  
Fabrício Henrique Simozo ◽  
Luiz Otavio Murta Junior ◽  
Joaquim Cezar Felipe
Keyword(s):  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Focal Cortical Dysplasia ◽  
Cortical Dysplasia ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Textural Features ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Neural Network Classifier ◽  
Multiple Classifiers

Refractory epilepsy is a condition characterized by epileptic seizure occurrence which cannot be controlled with antiepileptic drugs. This condition is associated with an excessive neuronal discharge produced by a group of neurons in a certain epileptogenic zone. Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD), usually found in these zones, was detected as one of the main causes of refractory epilepsy. In these cases, surgical intervention is necessary to minimize or eliminate the seizure occurrences. However, surgical treatment is only indicated in cases where there is complete certainty of the FCD. In order to assist neurosurgeons to detect precisely these regions, this paper aims to develop a classification method to detect FCD on MRI based on morphological and textural features from a voxel-level perspective. Multiple classifiers were tested throughout the extracted features, the best results achieved an accuracy of 91.76% using a Deep Neural Network classifier and 96.15% with J48 Decision Tree. The set of evaluating metrics showed that the results are promising.

scholarly journals Optimization of surgical intervention outside the epileptogenic zone in the Virtual Epileptic Patient (VEP)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e1007051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sora An ◽  
Fabrice Bartolomei ◽  
Maxime Guye ◽  
Viktor Jirsa
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Epileptic Patient ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone

Direct approach to arteriovenous malformations in functional areas of the cerebral hemisphere

1990 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokei Yamada ◽  
Floyd S. Brauer ◽  
David S. Knierim
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
Controlled Hypotension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Functional Areas

✓ The natural history of patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) suggests that serious morbidity associated with AVM's in functional areas is likely to be much greater than in silent areas. Various modes of treatment of AVM's in functional areas, including direct surgical intervention, embolization, and irradiation, have been considered to carry high risks. The authors advocate direct surgical intervention to these AVM's via a microsurgical technique based on knowledge of the hemodynamic anatomy of AVM's. The technique is designed to circumscribe the AVM without removing any surrounding cortical tissue or white matter and to preserve microcirculation in the functional area. Controlled hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure 40 to 60 mm Hg) is appropriate to enhance the safety of surgical procedures without causing metabolic and electrophysiological dysfunction. Another means to prevent neurological complications is multi-staged resection of larger AVM's, which permits obliteration compartment by compartment. This technique has the advantage of maintaining circulatory sufficiency in the functional area. There was no mortality among 56 patients who underwent the surgical procedure described. Of those, 55 patients resumed their preoperative occupation and one patient became self-sufficient.

scholarly journals Preoperative assessment and preparation of patients with neurologic disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Palibrk ◽  
Nevena Kalezic ◽  
Cedomir Vucetic ◽  
Ivan Dimitrijevic ◽  
Vladimir Arsenijevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Patient History ◽  
Patient Medication ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Undiagnosed Diseases

Ageing of population world wide has significant contribution as one of the major risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. The patients with neurodegenerative as well as other neuological diseases presented the population with possible great need either of small or big surgical intervention. There are several important issues in patients with neurological diseases: the nature, disease duration, therapy, the patient?s ability to live without assistance. Neurological disease may become worst by general and regional anesthesia. Stopping therapy may lead to worsening of neurological diseases. One of the main common threat is the risk of significant cardiorespiratory complications, which is important in assessing operational risk, in preoperative preparation and in terms of postoperative recovery and outcomes of surgical treatment. This has resulted in greater preoperative care by detailed patient history evaluation and examination, patient information and informed consent. Besides the effect of the anaesthetic technique upon the course of the disease, there is also the interaction of drugs administered during anaesthesia and patient medication. Several undiagnosed diseases may be disclosed following a surgical/anaesthetic intervention.

scholarly journals Developing A Seizure Prediction Algorithm for A Non-Invasive Neuromodulator

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-724
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Asgharpour ◽  
Mehdi Sedighi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Jahed Motlagh
Keyword(s):  
Small World ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Small World Network ◽  
Seizure Prediction ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
Precise Time

In this study, a novel real-time seizure prediction algorithm is introduced to predict epileptic seizures. The proposed algorithm is expected to be applicable in a noninvasive neuromodulator. As a model of the epileptogenic zone, a small-world network of Huber-Braun neurons was built up. To assess the effects of noninvasive stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, this network was modified, and the magneto-motive forces and the electromagnetically induced currents were further applied on the network. Comprehensive investigations of the electroencephalograms of epilepsy patients have suggested that some chaotic mechanisms generate the seizures. Hence, chaos and bifurcation theory was applied, and the induced current was considered as the bifurcation parameter. The bifurcation diagram of the 'inter-spike' intervals of the mean voltage of the small world network was obtained. The precise time at which the bifurcation took place was subsequently considered as the time of the seizure onset. Comparisons of the bifurcation diagrams obtained from the patients’ electroencephalographs showed that the proposed network model could reasonably represent the actual neuronal networks of the epileptogenic zone. A dataset of the electroencephalographs of epilepsy patients and normal volunteers from an epilepsy center in Germany was used to validate the prediction algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a significant capability to predict the precise occurrence of seizures and the achieved sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of this approach were remarkably higher than those reported in previous studies.

scholarly journals Neuronal excitatory-to-inhibitory balance is altered in cerebral organoid models of genetic neurological diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simote T. Foliaki ◽  
Benjamin Schwarz ◽  
Bradley R. Groveman ◽  
Ryan O. Walters ◽  
Natalia C. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Network ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Gabaergic Inhibition ◽  
Neuronal Communication

AbstractThe neuro-physiological properties of individuals with genetic pre-disposition to neurological disorders are largely unknown. Here we aimed to explore these properties using cerebral organoids (COs) derived from fibroblasts of individuals with confirmed genetic mutations including PRNPE200K, trisomy 21 (T21), and LRRK2G2019S, which are associated with Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, Down Syndrome, and Parkinson’s disease. We utilized no known disease/healthy COs (HC) as normal function controls. At 3–4 and 6–10 months post-differentiation, COs with mutations showed no evidence of disease-related pathology. Electrophysiology assessment showed that all COs exhibited mature neuronal firing at 6–10 months old. At this age, we observed significant changes in the electrophysiology of the COs with disease-associated mutations (dCOs) as compared with the HC, including reduced neuronal network communication, slowing neuronal oscillations, and increased coupling of delta and theta phases to the amplitudes of gamma oscillations. Such changes were linked with the detection of hypersynchronous events like spike-and-wave discharges. These dysfunctions were associated with altered production and release of neurotransmitters, compromised activity of excitatory ionotropic receptors including receptors of kainate, AMPA, and NMDA, and changed levels and function of excitatory glutamatergic synapses and inhibitory GABAergic synapses. Neuronal properties that modulate GABAergic inhibition including the activity of Na–K-Cl cotransport 1 (NKCC1) in Cl− homeostasis and the levels of synaptic and extra-synaptic localization of GABA receptors (GABARs) were altered in the T21 COs only. The neurosteroid allopregnanolone, a positive modulator of GABARs, was downregulated in all the dCOs. Treatment with this neurosteroid significantly improved the neuronal communication in the dCOs, possibly through improving the GABAergic inhibition. Overall, without the manifestation of any disease-related pathology, the genetic mutations PRNPE200K, T21, and LRRK2G2019S significantly altered the neuronal network communication in dCOs by disrupting the excitatory-to-inhibitory balance.

scholarly journals Arterial spin labeling for presurgical localization of refractory frontal lobe epilepsy in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Meng Yuan ◽  
Jinxiu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Focal Cortical Dysplasia ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Pediatric Epilepsy ◽  
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases. Despite the great variety and prevalence of antiepileptic drug treatments, one-third of epilepsies remain drug resistant. The frontal lobe is extensive, and frontal lobe seizures are difficult to locate, which increases the difficulty of the preoperative localization of the epileptogenic zone. Case presentation Two previously healthy girls with refractory frontal lobe epilepsy showed significant perfusion abnormalities in the right frontal lobe using the cerebral blood perfusion (CBF) quantitative analysis system. They became seizure-free after lesionectomy of the frontal lobe by ASL combined with electroencephalography (EEG) rapid localization. The histopathological diagnosis was focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type IIa and IIb. Conclusions The positive outcome suggests that the combined use of ASL with EEG could be a beneficial option for the presurgical evaluation of pediatric epilepsy.

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