scholarly journals Food plants and temperature dependent mortality of Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
Rakhshan Rakhshan ◽  
◽  
Md. Equbal Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
North East ◽  
Vigna Radiate ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Dependent Mortality

Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious polyphagous pest on several agricultural plants in North East Bihar. Economically important four host plants viz., Phaseolus sinensis, Lablab purpureus, Vigna radiate, and Vigna mungo were used in the experiment. During the experiment, food plant and temperature-dependent mortality was found in A. craccivora. The highest mortality of A. craccivora was recorded on V. mungo (17.54%) followed by V. radiata (11.52%), L. purpureus (6.27%) and P. sinensis (4.18%) during November. Similarly, highest mortality was also recorded on V. mungo when studied during December, January, and February respectively. However, the effect of temperature was also recorded significantly. The highest and lowest mortality of A. craccivora was recorded 49.31% at (9.24±0.703 ºC) and 17.54% at (19.96±0.13 ºC) on V. mungo respectively. The significant variation was recorded when reared on different food plants in different months (F1=24.15, F2=29.72; P< 0.05). The highest mortality of A.craccivora shows the unsuitability of food plants and environmental factors

scholarly journals Taxonomy and pollination ecology of Bombus rufofasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the Indian Himalaya

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malkiat S. Saini ◽  
Rifat H. Raina ◽  
Zakir H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Pollination Ecology ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

ABSTRACT Bombus rufofasciatus SMITH is a Tibetan species, widely distributed in the Oriental region. It is a medium tongued species abundant in both the north-east and north-west Indian Himalaya, covering an altitude range from 2400 to 4200 m. Because of its abundance and very wide distribution, it is associated with a sizeable number of host plants. Males and workers are similar in colour pattern, but the queen is a little different. The species shows a preference for highaltitude mountain slopes and is found in abundance in the open meadows of Affarwatt, Sheeshnag, Daksum, the Razdan Pass and the Lahul-spiti Valley of Himachal Pradesh in the north-western Himalaya. For preference it forages on Aconitum spp. (Ranunculaceae), Trifolium spp. (Papilionaceae), Cirsium spp. (Asteraceae) and certain members of Lamiaceae. Due emphasis has been laid on its detailed taxonomic descriptions, synonymy, host plants, pollination ecology, distribution pattern and illustrations. 51 food plants of this species have been recorded for the first time from the areas under study.

SPECIES, HOST RANGE, AND IDENTIFICATION KEY OF WHITEFLIES OF BOGOR AND SURROUNDING AREA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Purnama Hidayat ◽  
Denny Bintoro ◽  
Lia Nurulalia ◽  
Muhammad Basri
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Aleurodicus Dispersus ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Forest Plants

Species identification, host range, and identification key of whiteflies of Bogor and surrounding area. Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a group of insects that are small, white, soft-bodied, and easily found on various agricultural crops. Whitefly is a phytophagous insect; some species are important pests in agricultural crops that can cause direct damage and can become vectors of viral diseases. The last few years the damage caused by whitefly in Indonesia has increased. Unfortunately, information about their species and host plants in Indonesia, including in Bogor, is still limited. Kalshoven, in his book entitled Pest of Crops in Indonesia, published in the 1980s reported that there were 9 species of whitefly in Indonesia. The information on the book should be reconfirmed. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whitefly species and its host plants in Bogor and its surroundings. Whiteflies is identified based on the ‘puparia’ (the last instar of the nymph) collected from various agricultural plants, ornamental plants, weeds, and forest plants. A total of 35 species of whiteflies were collected from 74 species and 29 families of plants. The collwcted whiteflies consist of four species belong to Subfamily Aleurodicinae and 31 species of Subfamily Aleyrodinae. The most often found whitefly species were Aleurodicus dispersus, A. dugesii, and Bemisia tabaci. A dichotomous identification key of whiteflies was completed based on morphological character of 35 collected species. The number of whitefly species in Bogor and surrounding areas were far exceeded the number of species reported previously by Kalshoven from all regions in Indonesia.

The effect of temperature-dependent thermal parameters in thermal models of subduction zones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris van Zelst ◽  
Timothy J. Craig ◽  
Cedric Thieulot
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Thermal Parameters ◽  
Dislocation Creep ◽  
Seismogenic Zone ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Thermal Models ◽  
Intermediate Depth ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Model Setup

&lt;p&gt;The thermal structure of subduction zones plays an important role in the seismicity that occurs there with e.g., the downdip limit of the seismogenic zone associated with particular isotherms (350 &amp;#176;C - 450 &amp;#176;C) and intermediate-depth seismicity linked to dehydration reactions that occur at specific temperatures and pressures. Therefore, accurate thermal models of subduction zones that include the complexities found in laboratory studies are necessary. One of the often-ignored effects in models is the temperature-dependence of the thermal parameters such as the thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and density.&lt;span&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we build upon the model setup presented by Van Keken et al., 2008 by including temperature-dependent thermal parameters to an otherwise clearly constrained, simple model setup of a subducting plate. We consider a fixed kinematic slab dipping at 45&amp;#176; and a stationary overriding plate with a dynamic mantle wedge. Such a simple setup allows us to isolate the effect of temperature-dependent thermal parameters. We add a more complex plate cooling model for the oceanic plate for consistency with the thermal parameters.&lt;span&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We test the effect of temperature-dependent thermal parameters on models with different rheologies, such as an isoviscous wedge, diffusion and dislocation creep. We find that slab temperatures can change by up to 65 &amp;#176;C which affects the location of isotherm depths. The downdip limit of the seismogenic zone defined by e.g., the 350 &amp;#176;C isotherm shifts by approximately 4 km, thereby increasing the maximum possible rupture area of the seismogenic zone. Similarly, the 600 &amp;#176;C isotherm is shifted approximately 30 km deeper, affecting the depth at which dehydration reactions and hence intermediate-depth seismicity occurs. Our results therefore show that temperature-dependent thermal parameters in thermal models of subduction zones cannot be ignored when studying subduction-related seismicity.&lt;span&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The Effect of Temperature Dependent Yield Strength on Upper Bounds for Creep Ratcheting

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. McGreevy ◽  
Frederick A. Leckie ◽  
Peter Carter ◽  
Douglas L. Marriott
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Strain Accumulation ◽  
Core Concept ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Inelastic Analysis ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Inelastic Design ◽  
Very High

The Bree model and the elastic core concept have been used as the foundation for the simplified inelastic design analysis methods in the ASME Code for the design of components at elevated temperature for nearly three decades. The methodology provides upper bounds for creep strain accumulation and a physical basis for ascertaining if a structure under primary and secondary loading will behave elastically, plastically, shakedown, or ratchet. Comparisons of the method with inelastic analysis results have demonstrated its conservatism in stainless steel at temperatures representative of those in LMBR applications. The upper bounds on creep accumulation are revisited for very high temperatures representative of VHTR applications, where the yield strength of the material is strongly dependent upon temperature. The effect of the variation in yield strength on the evolution of the core stress is illustrated, and is shown to extend the shakedown regions, and affects the location of the boundaries between shakedown, ratcheting, and plasticity.

Taxonomy and food plants of Bombus simillimus SMITH (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the Indian Himalaya

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Rifat H. Raina ◽  
Malkiat S. Saini ◽  
Zakir H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Sizeable Number ◽  
Himalayan Species

Abstract Bombus simillimus SMITH is a west Himalayan species, known only from Pakistan and India. In the Indian Himalaya this species is restricted to Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. So far, it has never been recorded from other regions. Its females (workers) can be recognized by the chocolate brown pubescence of the metasomal terga 1 and 2. The colour pattern of the queen is very distinct, with the whole body coloured black except for the last two metasomal terga, which are brick-red. In Kashmir Himalaya it is widespread around the lower mountain coniferous forest and was found foraging heavily on Trifolium pratense, Lavatera cashmeriana, Carduus spp. and Cirsium spp. Being very common and having a very wide distributional range, it is associated with a sizeable number of host plants. Due emphasis has been laid on its detailed taxonomic descriptions, synonymy, host plants, distribution pattern and illustration. Thirty-five food plants of this species have been recorded from the study areas.

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