Taxonomy and food plants of Bombus simillimus SMITH (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the Indian Himalaya

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Rifat H. Raina ◽  
Malkiat S. Saini ◽  
Zakir H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Sizeable Number ◽  
Himalayan Species

Abstract Bombus simillimus SMITH is a west Himalayan species, known only from Pakistan and India. In the Indian Himalaya this species is restricted to Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. So far, it has never been recorded from other regions. Its females (workers) can be recognized by the chocolate brown pubescence of the metasomal terga 1 and 2. The colour pattern of the queen is very distinct, with the whole body coloured black except for the last two metasomal terga, which are brick-red. In Kashmir Himalaya it is widespread around the lower mountain coniferous forest and was found foraging heavily on Trifolium pratense, Lavatera cashmeriana, Carduus spp. and Cirsium spp. Being very common and having a very wide distributional range, it is associated with a sizeable number of host plants. Due emphasis has been laid on its detailed taxonomic descriptions, synonymy, host plants, distribution pattern and illustration. Thirty-five food plants of this species have been recorded from the study areas.

scholarly journals Taxonomy and pollination ecology of Bombus rufofasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the Indian Himalaya

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malkiat S. Saini ◽  
Rifat H. Raina ◽  
Zakir H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Pollination Ecology ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

ABSTRACT Bombus rufofasciatus SMITH is a Tibetan species, widely distributed in the Oriental region. It is a medium tongued species abundant in both the north-east and north-west Indian Himalaya, covering an altitude range from 2400 to 4200 m. Because of its abundance and very wide distribution, it is associated with a sizeable number of host plants. Males and workers are similar in colour pattern, but the queen is a little different. The species shows a preference for highaltitude mountain slopes and is found in abundance in the open meadows of Affarwatt, Sheeshnag, Daksum, the Razdan Pass and the Lahul-spiti Valley of Himachal Pradesh in the north-western Himalaya. For preference it forages on Aconitum spp. (Ranunculaceae), Trifolium spp. (Papilionaceae), Cirsium spp. (Asteraceae) and certain members of Lamiaceae. Due emphasis has been laid on its detailed taxonomic descriptions, synonymy, host plants, pollination ecology, distribution pattern and illustrations. 51 food plants of this species have been recorded for the first time from the areas under study.

Taxonomy and ecology of Bombus pyrosoma MORAWITZ (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the North-west Indian Himalaya

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifat H. Raina ◽  
Malkiat S. Saini ◽  
Zakir H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Food Plants ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Himalayan Belt ◽  
Colour Patterns

Abstract Bombus pyrosoma MORAWITZ is an Oriental species. In the Indian Himalaya it is widely distributed in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Sikkim with a long seasonal activity period. Queens and males were examined from the Kashmir Himalaya during June, August and September with altitudinal distribution ranges from 2300 to 4200 m. The species is abundant from 3000 to 4000 m in the Kashmir Himalayan belt and was found foraging on large wild flowers in open areas of the mountains. It has a preference for some species of Lamiaceae, as well as Taraxacum officinale and Cirsium spp. (Asteraceae), and Trifolium spp. (Fabaceae). The queens are very large, whereas males are medium-sized. Both have very different colour patterns. Due emphasis has been laid on its thorough taxonomic descriptions, food plants, synonymy, distribution pattern and illustration.

PERFORMANCE OF TRIRHABDA VIRGATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON THREE POTENTIAL HOSTS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Blatt ◽  
A.M. Schindel ◽  
R. Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Plant Fecundity ◽  
Adult Fitness ◽  
Neonate Larvae ◽  
Trirhabda Virgata

AbstractThe suitability of three potential host plants, Solidago canadensis L. var. canadensis (Asteraceae), Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb., and Aster lateriflorus L. (Asteraceae), for the goldenrod beetle, Trirhabda virgata LeConte was determined by measuring several fitness components during the T. virgata life cycle. Neonate larvae were collected from S. canadensis plants and transplanted onto S. canadensis, S. graminifolia, and A. lateriflorus and maintained in field enclosures until the last instar was reached. Once brought into the laboratory, larvae were fed their assigned host plant until pupation. Following emergence, adults were weighed and separated into mating pairs to record oviposition and longevity. Eggs were kept in the laboratory until the following spring, when first instar larvae were taken into the field and re-established on their assigned host, and the experiment was repeated for 2 years. Larval survival and rate of development was not affected by the host plant. Mean weight of adults at emergence was greater on S. canadensis than on either S. graminifolia or A. lateriflorus. Two components of adult fitness, postmating longevity and realized fecundity, were measured. Longevity of adult female T. virgata was not affected by the host plant. Fecundity of T. virgata reared on A. lateriflorus and S. graminifolia was lower than the fecundity of females reared on S. canadensis. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that both intrinsic plant quality and the mobility of the foraging stage are important in the evolution of host range in T. virgata. These experiments were repeated over a 3-year period, using offspring from the survivors of the previous year for the 2nd and 3rd years. Over this time, individuals experienced "laboratory adaptation," and both accepted and increased their performance on previously unacceptable food plants.

scholarly journals Composition of late summer diet by semi-domesticated reindeer in different grazing conditions in northernmost Finland

Rangifer ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Bezard ◽  
Sophie Brilland ◽  
Jouko Kumpula
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Sample Site ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Microhistological Analysis

 This study aims to investigate the diet composition of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in late summer in different kinds of grazing conditions in northernmost Finland. The composition of diet by reindeer was determined on the grounds of microhistological analysis of feces samples collected in early August in different seasonal grazing areas (winter or summer/year-round grazing areas) in three reindeer management districts. Although the proportion of different plant groups varied between the studied districts, the quantified group of ground lichens (which also contained small amounts of mushrooms) was the most abundant, varying from 33.0 to 46.4% in the analyzed samples. In general, there were significant differences in the proportions of lichen between districts, but not between grazing areas. The proportion of lichen in samples increased significantly when the amount of lichen pasture around a sample site increased. The proportion of dwarf shrubs and leaves in samples varied from 24.9 to 37.9% and differed significantly between districts, but not between grazing areas. In the same way, the proportion of graminoids varied between 20.9 and 36.2% and differed significantly between districts and also between grazing areas. Higher amounts of graminoids in feces were observed in summer/year-round grazing areas than in winter grazing areas. Finally, the proportion of bryophytes varied between 2.9 and 6.5% and was significantly different between districts, but not between grazing areas. An increase in old and mature coniferous forest around a sample site significantly increased the amounts of bryophytes in samples. The results indicate that reindeer adapt their summer diet composition according to the availability of food plants. The results also show that when reindeer are allowed to select their summer ranges freely, reindeer tend to use lichen pastures intensively also during summer, which causes a considerable reduction in lichens due to grazing and trampling. Therefore, a proper seasonal pasture rotation system to protect lichen pastures from grazing and trampling, from early spring to late autumn, is an essential part of sustainable pasture use in reindeer herding.

scholarly journals Description of new species of leaf miners (Diptera Agromyzidae) associated with leguminous host described from northern India

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 66-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Bahadur Thapa
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
New Host ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Leguminous Host

A total of 28 species of agromyzid flies belonging to 7 genera have been reared and described on 34 different leguminous host -plants from Pantnagar, Nainital, Northern India. 13 agromyzid flies have been described as new species viz., Japanagromyza species nova (sp.n.) ex leaves of Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth; Liriomyza sp.n. ex leaves of Vicia sativa Linn.; Liriomyza sp.n. ex leaves of Vicia faba Linn.; Malanagromyza sp.n. ex stems of Cassia sp.; Melanagromyza sp.n. ex stems of Pisum sativum Linn. Melanagromyza sp.n. ex stems of Trifolium pratense Linn.; Melanagromyza sp.n. ex stems of Vicia faba Linn.; Ophiomyia sp.n. ex stems of Pueraria Phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth; Ophiomyia sp.n. ex stems of Sesbania aculeata Pers.; Ophiomyiz sp.n. ex stem of Vigna mungo (Linn.) Heeper and Ophiomyia sp.n. ex stems of Vigna mungo (Linn.) Heeper. Large numbers of host plants have been recorded as new host for various agromyzid species. More than one thousand male genitalia slides have been prepared for this study. Variations in morphology and genitalia characters have also been illustrated within the species. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7474 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 66-82 (2011)

The influence of the host plant or males on ovarian development or oviposition in the diamondback moth Plutella maculipennis (Curt.)

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hillyer ◽  
A. J. Thorsteinson
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Prereproductive Period

The conditions of larval development, especially food quality and larval density, affected appreciably the length of the adult prereproductive period. The isolation of females from males after adult eclosion did not affect this prereproductive period but increased the preoviposition period. The presence of host tissue reduced the prereproductive period of adult females. Presence of non-host plants (wheat broad bean, and pea) did not significantly affect the length of the prereproductive period. The effect of the host on egg production was successfully simulated by exposing females to allyl isothiocyanate, a characteristic constituent of the food plants. The processes regulating number of eggs produced were discussed.

scholarly journals Body size and food plants drive local extinction risk in butterflies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Palash ◽  
Shatabdi Paul ◽  
Sabrina Karim Resha ◽  
Md Kawsar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Critical Importance

AbstractLepidoptera, butterflies and moths, are significant pollinators and ecosystem health indicators. Therefore, monitoring their diversity, distribution, and extinction risks are of critical importance. We aim to understand the drivers of the local extinction risks of the butterflies in Bangladesh. We conducted a systematic review to extract the diversity, distribution and local extinction risks of the butterflies of Bangladesh, and possible drivers of their extinction, e.g., body size, host plants and nectar plants. We updated the current checklist, which now consists of 463 species. We provided distribution and extinctions risk atlas showing both the diversity and extinction risks were highest in the eastern region of Bangladesh. We tested whether body size and host plants contribute to the local extinction risks of butterflies. We predicted butterflies with larger body size and fewer host plants and nectar plants would be in greater extinction risk. Accordingly, we showed that extinction risk was higher in larger butterflies than smaller butterflies, and in butterflies with a fewer number of host plants and nectar plants than the butterflies with higher number host plants. Our study highlights the contribution of body size and host plants as potential drivers of the local extinction risks of butterflies.

scholarly journals Two new species of Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) from Korea, with some biological data including larval host plants

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4996 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
KYU-TEK PARK ◽  
UN-HONG HEO ◽  
BONG-KYU BYUN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Larval Host Plants

In this study, two new species of the family Gelechiidae are described from Korea. The new species are Teleiodes juglansivora Park & Byun, sp. nov. and Encoplata najuensis Park & Byun, sp. nov. For the new species, some biological data concerning on their larval food plants are given.  

Colour variation linked to host-plants in the endemic beetle currently known as Ceutorhynchus contractus (Marsham, 1802) form pallipes Crotch, 1866 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Lundy, Devon

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Roger S. Key ◽  
Rosy J. D. Key ◽  
Jenny C. Craven ◽  
Stephen G. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Morphological Studies

Uniquely in Britain, the small island of Lundy has an endemic plant that supports two species of beetles that are also endemic. The Lundy Cabbage Weevil (currently called Ceutorhynchus contractus form pallipes) was originally distinguished from mainland C. contractus by its yellow legs, but genetic and morphological studies have shown that f. pallipes can have either black or yellow legs. Over a period of 25 years we monitored the frequencies of the two colour varieties on its two main food plants, Coincya wrightii and Cochlearia danica. Consistent differences were maintained, with roughly equal colour frequencies on Coincya wrightii and black individuals more common on Cochlearia danica, even when host-plants were growing close together. We provide possible explanations for this persistent but enigmatic difference.

Az élelmiszerek rosttartalmának antioxidáns hatása

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (18) ◽  
pp. 709-712
Author(s):  
Miklós Mézes ◽  
Márta Erdélyi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds

Abstract: Antioxidants have some health benefit, but up to now there was less attention paid to the antioxidant properties of dietary fibre. The antioxidant effect of dietary fibre is based on the polyphenol compounds bound to polysaccharide complexes, which are released in the gut and functioning as antioxidants. Another type of antioxidant, calcium fructoborate was also isolated from plant cell wall. It has a marked antioxidant capacity, however, its active component is not a polyphenol, but the boron. There are lots of food plants which have relatively high antioxidant dietary fibre content, thus they support the antioxidant defence of the gastrointestinal tract, and consequently the whole body. The important ones in human nutrition are for instance cereal grains, cabbage, grape pomace, coffee bean or guava. There are different polyphenol compounds in the antioxidant dietary fibres in the plants, therefore their antioxidant capacity varies, but it is approximately equivalent to 50–100 mg DL-α-tocopherol per gram. This antioxidant capacity is considerable, and would be suitable for the prevention of some, oxidative stress-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis or other cardiovascular diseases, and colorectal carcinoma. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(18): 709–712.

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