scholarly journals Творчество городского архитектора Нахичевани-На-Дону Н. Н. Дурбаха

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-238
Author(s):  
Ольга Баева

City architect N.N. Durbah worked at the turn of the 19-20 centuries in Nakhichevan on Don. His creations are an example of contribution of the graduates of Imperial Academy of Arts to architectural and urban development of provincial cities of the Russian Empire. He was a native of Nakhichevan-on-Don and he clearly understood wishes and preferences of customers, urban needs. He has formed holistic appearance of Nakhichevan-on-Don. Market buildings and city theatre, Mariinsky City Hospital, few educational institutions, mansions of wealthy citizens have been built at this period. N.N. Durbah formed central squares, laid Alexandr’s the Second square.The article considers contribution of N.N. Durbah to architecture of Nakhichevan-on-Don and analysis of his creative method.

Author(s):  
T. F. Zhukova ◽  

The article provides a brief summary of the historical situation of the mid XIX century, when the conquest policy of the Russian Empire predetermined the urban development of the territories annexed in the hostilities, the spreading of the St. Petersburg architectural school traditions in them. The propagators of its creative principles were the graduates of the Institute of Civil Engineers, the Construction School of the Main Directorate of Railways and Public Buildings, the Academy of Arts.The main attention in the article is paid to the creative activity of the architect Alexei Leontievich Benois, whose heritage was a reflection of the traditions of the St. Petersburg architectural school of the mid-XIX in Turkestan. The stylistic affiliation of his buildings is analyzed, the creative method is determined.The information provided in the article about the heritage of A. L. Benois, complemented the overall picture of the domestic architecture development as an integral artistic system within the vast borders of the Russian Empire.


2019 ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Владислав Иванович Пшибышевский

Предмет «Закон Божий» являлся один из самых главных предметов в низших и средних учебных заведениях Российской империи на протяжении двух веков. Под влиянием предмета, дающего знания о Боге, предмета важного не только в образовательном, но и в воспитательном значении, выросло не одно поколение православного населения России. Изучение этого предмета было обязательным для всех детей, принявших Святое Крещение в Православной Церкви. Закону Божию обучали и на дому, но главным местом, где ребёнок мог впитать религиозные знания, была школа. Преподавали Закон Божий в основном священники, а должность их называлась «законоучитель». Законоучитель наравне с другими преподавателями пользовался всеми правами государственной службы. К концу XIX века появились проблемы, связанные с процессом преподавания Закона Божия, в отношении предмета учебные программы устарели, в отношении законоучителей появлялись, в силу определённых обстоятельств, неоднократные случаи нерадивого отношения к своему делу, в отношении самих учащихся было зафиксировано большое количество случаев активных выступлений против изучения Закона Божия. Все вышеперечисленные проблемы пытались решить в свете церковных реформ начала прошлого столетия. Данная статья посвящена вопросу преподавания Закона Божия в работе Высочайше учреждённого Предсоборного Присутствия. В исследовании рассмотрено место предмета «Закон Божий» в заседаниях данного органа, заинтересованность им членами Присутствия, предложения по улучшению качества преподавания столь важного предмета и его сохранению в списке обязательных предметов в учебных заведениях Российской империи. The subject of the Law of God was one of the most important subjects in the lower and secondary schools of the Russian Empire for two centuries. It was a subject which gave knowledge of God, a subject important not only in its educational, but also in its educational meaning, and under the influence of which several generations of the Orthodox population of Russia grew up. The study of this subject was obligatory for all children who received holy Baptism in the Orthodox Church. The Law of God was also taught at home, but the main place where a child could absorb religious knowledge was in school. The Law of God was taught mainly by priests, and their post was called a teacher of the law. The teacher of the law enjoyed all the rights of public service on an equal footing with other teachers. By the end of the 19th century, problems associated with the process of teaching the Law of God had appeared, the syllabus for the subject was out of date, there were repeated cases of negligence on the part of the teachers, and there were many cases of active protests against the teaching of God's Law by the students themselves. All the above-mentioned problems tried to be solved in the light of the church reforms of the beginning of the last century. This article is devoted to the question of teaching God's Law in the work of the Presidium of the Most High Council. The research examines the place of God's Law subject at the meetings of this body, the interest of the Presence members in it, the suggestions to improve the quality of teaching such an important subject and its preservation in the list of obligatory subjects in the educational institutions of the Russian Empire.


Author(s):  
K.V. Valkova

This article discusses the main goals of organizing the first traveling art exhibitions in Russia and specific measures for their implementation by members of the Association of the Wanderers (“Peredvizhniki”). The borrowing by artists of the idea of the second half of 19th century holding traveling exhibitions in Western countries is noted. The implementation of such exhibitions in the Russian Empire was made possible largely due to the emergence of technical capabilities, namely the development of railway communication. Despite the fact that the Wanderers proclaimed as their goal the acquaintance of the provinces with the achievements of domestic art, they focused on the capitals and large cities of the empire. The analysis of exhibition attendance and the process of a gradual increase in the cities covered by the Wanderers is given. The ambiguous perception of the Partnership and their exhibitions in society is considered, which is reflected in the periodical press of that period of time. An analysis of sources and research on the topic led to the conclusion about the successful experience of the Partnership in organizing traveling exhibitions in Russia. In support of this is the fact of adopting the experience of holding exhibitions in a similar format at various levels, including the Imperial Academy of Arts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Maria V. Rygalova

The development of professional educational institutions in Russia has become a necessary stage in the development of education. This is due to changes in the socio-economic sphere, the growth and development of trade relations, the development of technical knowledge, as well as the need for specialists in these areas. The Russian Empire underwent modernization processes. This required providing all spheres (economy, social sphere) with trained personnel. This led to the establishment of a network of professional educational institutions. On the outlying territories this happened several decades later and they had their own specifics, for example, the composition of the population (a large percentage of the indigenous population, peasant migrants), as well as the low level of literacy in general. In addition, the establishment of professional educational institutions on these territories was dictated by the private need for a particular area, often a city and a county. Mainly Russian settlers got professional education. However, by the beginning of the 20th century there were more and more students from the indigenous population who were aware of the need and importance of education, who wanted to participate in all-Russian modernization processes.


Author(s):  
Theodosius Vasnev

A special role in the public life of the Tambov province was occupied by the seminary. Particular importance in its development was attached to the administrative structure, a prototype of which is the current organization of higher educational institutions. The election of the rector was held on an alternative basis. The collegial body of management was the pedagogical assembly from 1867–1884. A new phenomenon for this period the seminary functioning was the general as-sembly, which included pedagogical (membership of 6 years) and regulatory (membership of 3 years). The pedagogical assembly was held once a month. Regulatory – once a week. The deci-sion was made by a majority of votes. This experience of introducing an elective element in the Tambov Seminary has had a useful influence on its activities. Unfortunately, not everywhere this practice led to positive results, which later seemed to be the reason for the abolition of this norm during the reforms of 1884, when it was decided that the Holy Synod nominate candidates for such important posts as rector and seminary inspector. It should be noted that similar reforms or “counter-reforms” carried out in the reign of Emperor Alexander III affected all educational institutions of the Russian Empire, including universities, where they toughened some norms of the university statute and, in particular, abolished the current provision according to which rector was elected for his post on an alternative basis.


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