Effects of outlaw motorcycle gang membership and the support needs of former members

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Boland ◽  
Anthony Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Gang Membership ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs ◽  
Flexible Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stable Employment

Drawing on interviews with 39 former members of outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMCGs), we identify consequences associated with leaving the club and the effects of membership experienced before and after leaving. This evidence is important in helping to inform efforts to promote and facilitate disengagement from clubs. While some members experienced adverse consequences from leaving the club, less hostile separations were not uncommon. Poor mental health, the breakdown of relationships with family and friends outside the club, and problems finding employment post-disengagement were common effects described by former members. Therapeutic interventions, access to stable employment, and the availability of peer and family support networks were common themes in the transition away from clubs. But, importantly, experiences of former members varied, highlighting the need for a flexible response.

scholarly journals Meanings of Family Support in the Treatment of Drug Dependence

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Ramos Sanches ◽  
Tassiana Gonçalves Constantino dos Santos ◽  
Thaísa Borges Gomes ◽  
Marcelo Dalla Vecchia
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Family Participation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
The Family ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Abstract The family is a key element of social support in the treatment of people who experience problems resulting from the use of alcohol and other drugs. This article aimed to understand the meanings of individuals under treatment due to the problematic use of alcohol and other drugs in relation to family participation. Six semi-structured interviews were carried out with people who adhered or not to the treatment proposed by an institution similar to a therapeutic community, analyzed later by analysis of thematic content. It was possible to observe (a) the low family involvement during the treatment, (b) the stigmatization and the individualization of the problematic use of alcohol and other drugs, and (c) the care focused on the figure of women. Guidance, listening and support needs for family members need to be properly examined during treatment to promote adherence.

scholarly journals Nucleophosmin Phosphorylation as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target for Ischemic AKI

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Wang ◽  
Erdjan Salih ◽  
Chinaemere Igwebuike ◽  
Ryan Mulhern ◽  
Ramon G. Bonegio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Mutant Proteins ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Early Marker ◽  
Before And After

Background Ischemic AKI lacks a urinary marker for early diagnosis and an effective therapy. Differential nucleophosmin (NPM) phosphorylation is a potential early marker of ischemic renal cell injury and a therapeutic target.Methods Differential NPM phosphorylation was assessed by mass spectrometry in NPM harvested from murine and human primary renal epithelial cells, fresh kidney tissue, and urine before and after ischemic injury. The biologic behavior and toxicity of NPM was assessed using phospho-NPM mutant proteins that either mimic stress-induced or normal NPM phosphorylation. Peptides designed to interfere with NPM function were used to explore NPM as a therapeutic target.Results Within hours of stress, virtually identical phosphorylation changes were detected at distinct serine/threonine sites in NPM harvested from primary renal cells, tissue, and urine. A phosphomimic NPM protein that replicated phosphorylation under stress localized to the cytosol, formed monomers that interacted with Bax, a cell death protein, coaccumulated with Bax in isolated mitochondria, and significantly increased cell death after stress; wild-type NPM or a phosphomimic NPM with a normal phosphorylation configuration did not. Three renal targeted peptides designed to interfere with NPM at distinct functional sites significantly protected against cell death, and a single dose of one peptide administered several hours after ischemia that would be lethal in untreated mice significantly reduced AKI severity and improved survival.Conclusions These findings establish phosphorylated NPM as a potential early marker of ischemic AKI that links early diagnosis with effective therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Participatory social network map making with family carers of people living with dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 205979911984444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Campbell ◽  
Andrew Clark ◽  
John Keady ◽  
Agneta Kullberg ◽  
Kainde Manji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Network Mapping

This article focuses on the use of a participatory social network mapping method with family carers. This is one of a suite of methods developed in a 5-year qualitative multi-centre project exploring how neighbourhoods support, enable or disable people with dementia and their families to live well in their communities. The article considers how mapping provides insights into family support networks, revealing the fluidity of support and care within relationships as well as providing opportunity for individuals to represent the complexities of their relationships with more and less significant others. However, the potential offered by the approach goes beyond those of visual representations of networks and contacts. Paying attention to the co-production process, as well as the reflexive dialogue that emerges in the exchange between researcher, participants, and the maps themselves, we consider how the maps emerge as affective artifacts, weighted with emotion.

Management of posaconazole-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 3688-3693
Author(s):  
Matthew R Davis ◽  
Minh-Vu H Nguyen ◽  
Thomas J Gintjee ◽  
Alex Odermatt ◽  
Brian Y Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Repeat Assessment

Abstract Background Posaconazole-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism (PIPH) has been associated with elevated posaconazole serum concentrations. Clinicians are faced with the difficult task of managing patients with PIPH while maintaining the efficacy of antifungal therapy. Commonly, modifications to posaconazole therapy are utilized in managing PIPH, including dosage reduction of posaconazole or switch to an alternative antifungal. Objectives To characterize the management of patients diagnosed with PIPH and their response to various therapeutic interventions. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 20 consecutive adult patients diagnosed with PIPH. Patient data collected included blood pressure, electrolytes, endocrine laboratory values and posaconazole serum concentrations collected before and after therapeutic intervention. Results Of 20 patients included, 17 patients (85%) underwent therapeutic modification, with posaconazole dose reduction (n = 11) as the most common change. Other modifications included discontinuation (n = 3), switch to an alternative antifungal (n = 2) and addition of spironolactone (n = 1). Clinical improvement (decrease in systolic blood pressure and increase in serum potassium) was observed in 9 of 17 patients (52.9%). An average decrease in systolic blood pressure of 7.1 mmHg and increase in serum potassium of 0.22 mmol/L was observed following therapeutic modification. Conclusions We report our experience with PIPH management, for which there is no universally effective strategy. We utilized a stepwise approach for management, starting with posaconazole dose reduction and repeat assessment of clinical and laboratory parameters. If resolution of PIPH is not achieved, an alternative triazole antifungal or the addition of an aldosterone antagonist are additional potential interventions. It is possible for PIPH to persist after therapeutic modification despite these interventions. Thus, early diagnosis and continuous monitoring is warranted.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Assessment of Autonomous Thyroid Nodules before and after Radioiodine Therapy Using Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS)

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Simone Agnes Schenke ◽  
Jan Wuestemann ◽  
Michael Zimny ◽  
Michael Christoph Kreissl
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Thyroid Imaging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment

The Thyroid Imaging and Reporting System (TIRADS) allows a sonographic assessment of the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules (TNs). To date, there is a lack of systematic data about the change in ultrasound (US) features after therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) after radioiodine therapy (RIT) by using TIRADS. We retrospectively assessed data from 68 patients with AFTNs treated with RIT between 2016 and 2018 who had available first and second follow-up US imaging. Before RIT, 69.1% of the AFTNs were classified as low-risk TNs when applying Kwak TIRADS (EU-TIRADS 52.9%), 22.1% were intermediate-risk TNs (EU-TIRADS 19.1%), and 8.8% were high-risk TNs (EU-TIRADS 27.9%). Twelve months after RIT, 22.1% of the AFTNs showed features of high-risk TNs according to Kwak TIRADS (EU-TIRADS 45.6%). The proportion of intermediate TNs also increased to 36.8% (EU-TIRADS 29.4%), and 41.2% were low-risk TNs (EU-TIRADS 25%). A significant percentage of AFTNs presented with features suspicious for malignancy according to TIRADS before RIT, and this number increased significantly after therapy. Therefore, before thyroid US, thorough anamnesis regarding prior radioiodine treatment is necessary to prevent unneeded diagnostic procedures.

scholarly journals Living beyond the Unanticipated Sudden Death of a Partner: A Phenomenological Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin L. Rodger ◽  
Patricia Sherwood ◽  
Moira O'Connor ◽  
Gavin Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
The World

This research project explored grief and its impact upon men and women who have experienced the sudden and unanticipated death of his or her partner. It included what grief meant to them, how it was manifested in his or her everyday lives and how his or her partner's death had impacted upon his or her relationship with themselves, with others and the world. A Husserlian phenomenological approach was used to explore the experiences of the ten women and five men whose partner had died up to five years prior to being interviewed. The need for the surviving partner to continue to participate in everyday life placed great strain upon the internal resources of the surviving partner. The surviving partner needed to reinvent him or herself, in an attempt to become independent and regain functionality, whilst dealing with the sadness and loss that they had experienced. The surviving partner discovered that a new life order emerged that included hope, optimism, planning for the future and perhaps the prospect of a new relationship. The death of a partner left the surviving partner with a loss that would always be a part of them, with the memories of his or her relationship being maintained within them that will never be replaced by somebody else. The results of this research project reinforce the need for ongoing education of the community in grief and bereavement issues in order to increase the awareness of the support needs of the bereaved person. The length of time and amount of energy required to incorporate the experience into the survivor's life, is greatly underestimated by the community, and perhaps by some of the health and caring professionals. Colonial and hospital based bereavement support services need to be established and be proactive using outreach programs, actively offering the suddenly bereaved partner and family support and information.

Family Support Networks, Welfare, and Work among Young Mothers

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Parish ◽  
Lingxin Hao ◽  
Dennis P. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Young Mothers
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