scholarly journals Properties of Empty Fruit Bunches Eco-Composite Boards from Elaeis guineesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Razak Wahab ◽  
Mohd Tamizi Mustafa ◽  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
Siti Marlia Mohd Don
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Maximum Modulus ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Conditioning Chamber ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Screw Withdrawal

This studies investigated on the properties of eco-composite boards made from Elaeis guineesis empty fruit bunch. The empty fruit bunches (EFB) collected from a private Elaeis guineesis plantation in Selangor. The EFB refined using fiber cutter and particle crusher. Hardeners and wax added at 1% and 3% during the mixing process. Boards with densities of 700, 600 and 500 kg/m3produced using resin urea formaldehyde as the bonding agent at 10, 12 and 14%. The boards conditioned in a conditioning chamber set at 20±2°C and 65% relative humidity before undergoing subsequent testing. Preparation for boards and tests samples follows BS and EN Standards specifications. Maximum modulus of rupture (MOR) were 22.91 N/mm2and modulus of elasticity (MOE) 2059.56 N/mm2. The internal bonding recorded at 0.98 N/mm2, for the edge and face screw withdrawal were at 467.47 N/mm2 and 512.37 N/mm2 respectively. The boards with 700 kg/m3 density and 14% resin content met the required standard with good dimensional stability. In the thermogravimetric analysis the maximum rate of decomposition for the EFB boards occurred at 380.83°C. The board's overall properties are influence by the density and resin content applied.

scholarly journals Assessing the Suitability of Agro-Waste from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches as Quality Eco-Composite Boards

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razak Wahab ◽  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
Hashim W. Samsi ◽  
Mohd Tamizi Mustafa ◽  
Siti Marlia Mohd Don
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Conditioning Chamber ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Bonding Property ◽  
Screw Withdrawal

The properties of eco-composite boards from agro-waste of oil palm empty fruit bunches were studied. The oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) obtained from a private oil palm plantation. By using fibre cutter and particle crusher, these EFB refined. Hardeners and wax added at 1% and 3% during the mixing process. Boards with densities of 500, 600 and 700 kg/m3 produced using resin urea formaldehyde as the bonding agent at 10, 12 and 14%. The boards conditioned in a conditioning chamber set at 20±2 °C and 65% relative humidity before undergoing subsequent testing. The EN Standards specifications applied in the preparation of test samples and testing. Results showed the highest modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) achieved in this study were 22.91 N/mm2 and 2059.56 N/mm2. The internal bonding was found to be at 0.98 N/mm2, and 467.47 N/mm2 and 512.37 N/mm2 respectively for the edge and face screw withdrawal. Boards with 700 kg/m3 density and 14% resin content met the requirement of standard specifications. Scanning electron microscopy machine used to study the resin-fibre bonding property. Resin and fibre in the board inspected carefully, and voids appeared at the cross-section of the board with density 500 kg/m3 at 10% resin suggesting moisture penetrated into the board via the open spaces and weakened the linkages existed, thus cause the board to have low properties. The thermogravimetric analysis indicates maximum rate of decomposition for the EFB boards occurred at 380.83 °C. This study shows that the board’s density and resin content applied influence on the board’s overall properties with boards produced at 700 kg/m3 density with 14% resin content showed excellent overall properties with good dimensional stability.

scholarly journals Properties of Composite Boards Properties from Elaeis guineensis Empty Fruit Bunch

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Screw Withdrawal ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study focussed on composite boards made from Elaeis guineesis empty fruit bunches (EFB). The EFB supplied by a smallholder oil palm planter in Kuala Krai, Kelantan. The fibre cutter and crusher were used in turning the EFB into smaller size particles. They were screened with four-tier sieve shaker used to remove the oversize particles and impurities present. Hardeners and wax added during the mixing process at 1% and 3%. Boards of three (3) different densities were produced using urea-formaldehyde as the bonding agent. The boards produced later conditioned in a chamber set at 20±2°C and 65% relative humidity. The testing procedure set by EN Standards and specifications were followed. The tests results showed the EFB composite boards possessed excellent physical and mechanical properties. The MOR, MOE and internal bonding of the boards were 22.91 N/mm2, 2059.56 N/mm2, and 0.98 N/mm2. The internal bonding for both edge and face screw withdrawal were 467.47 N/mm2, and 512.37 N/mm2 respectively. Boards with 700 g/cm3 density and 14% resin content met all the requirement needed according to standard exercised. Scanning electron microscope images of low-performance boards showed the resin and fibre in the board interacted closely, but voids appeared at the cross-section suggesting moisture penetrated the board via the open spaces and attacked the linkages existed, thus cause the board to have a low property. The thermal stability of the boards manufactured studied using the Thermogravimetric Analysis.

scholarly journals Properties of Particleboard from Sawmill Wastes and Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) with Different Board Thickness and Resin Content

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6808-6812
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Board Thickness ◽  
European Standards

This study investigate the effect of the board thickness and resin content on the properties of particleboard. Single-layered sawmill wastes and rubberwood particleboards bonded with urea formaldehyde (UF) resins were manufactured. The boards were fabricated with three different board thicknesses (15, 18 and 25mm) at three different resin contents (7, 8 and 9%). The boards produced were evaluated for their modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB) and thickness swelling (TS) in accordance with the European Standards. Board thickness does affect the mechanical properties of particleboard. The study revealed that thinner boards gave higher MOE, MOR, IB and TS. No significant effects were found among three resin contents for MOE, MOR, IB and TS. It can be concluded that the particleboard made from mix tropical wood from sawmill waste and with rubberwood were suitable for particleboard manufacturing.

Development of Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Using Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Sagrika Behera ◽  
Seema Bhatt ◽  
Sneha Dobhal
Keyword(s):  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Screw Withdrawal ◽  
Internal Bonding Strength

Oriented strand board (OSB) was prepared using poplar wood with different resin content of phenol formaldehyde. It was observed that modulus of rupture and screw withdrawal of face and edge was more in oriented strand board as compare to solid wood. Internal bonding strength was very less in oriented strand board as compare to solid wood. It was also observed that most of the properties improve with increase in resin content.

scholarly journals SIFAT PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI SERAT TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN SERBUK KAYU DENGAN PEREKAT UREA FORMALDEHIDA (The Properties of Particle Board from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber Sawdust with Urea Formaldehyde Resin)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Djoko Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Internal Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Screw Withdrawal

A palm oil mill with a capacity of hundred thousand tons of fresh fruit bunches per year will produce palm fiber waste about 12,000 tons. Recently, the use of palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber is as fuel for electricity generation in the industry. Palm fiber waste contains lignocellulose materials as a feedstock to particle board manufacture. The aim of this research is to evaluate the properties of particle board from a mixture of OPEFB fiber and sawdust. The ratio of OPEFB fiber and sawdust are 100% : 0%; 75% : 25%; 50% : 50%; 25% : 75% and 0% : 100%, plus urea formaldehyde adhesive in a concentration of 11%. The boards were pressed using a clamp pressure of 16 kg/cm2 for 15 minutes at a temperature of 110 – 120 0C. The testing methods and standards of physical properties (moisture contents, thickness swelling, density) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity/MOE, modulus of rupture/MOR, screw withdrawal and internal bond strengths) refers to the SNI. 03 – 2105 - 2006. The results showed that the particle board made from 100% OPEFB fiber produces modulus of elasticity/MOE 1594.88 kg/cm2; modulus of rupture/MOR 18.08 kg/cm2; screw withdrawal 31.34 kg/cm2 and internal bond strength 0.86 kg/cm2. The addition of sawdust for 50% can improve modulus of elasticity/MOE, modulus of rupture/MOR and internal bond strength.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Commercial Particleboard from Rubberwood (Hevea Brasiliensis) and Recycle Mix-Tropical Wood with Different Board Density

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Nur Wafa Amalina Amali ◽  
Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus ◽  
Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Board Density ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Minimum Requirements

In this study, mechanical properties of commercially manufactured hybrid particleboard from mix-tropical wood and rubberwood with four different densities at 25mm thickness have been investigated. The particleboard sample cutting and testing was in accordance to EN312:2013. The density of particleboard is identified with interval of 10kg/m3 for different densities which include 660kg/m3, 670kg/m3, 680kg/m3 and 690kg/m3. Particleboards were made with the ratio of 40:60 for mix-tropical wood particle and rubberwood particle respectively. The particleboards were prepared with urea formaldehyde (UF) with E1 formulation with addition of wax and hardener.  Increment of 10kg/m3 density for each particleboard led to increase in internal bonding (IB), bending testing include modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE), surface soundness (SS) and screw edge (SE) withdrawal. It was found that with board increment of 10kg/m3, the improvement was not statically significant except that for MOR. All panels met the minimum requirements of standard.

scholarly journals Particleboard Manufactured from Rubberwood RRIM 2002 Clone Planted with Different Fertilizer Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 398-402
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Normal Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Japanese Industrial Standard ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

This work focus on the effects of SRF (Slow Release Fertilizer) + NPK fertilizer rates on the properties of rubberwood particleboards produced. The particleboards were fabricated using rubber tree trial clone RRIM 2002. RRIM 2002 clone still in trial plot with age of 4-year old and classified as Latex Timber Clone which estimated to produce large wood volume and also better latex yield. The properties of particleboard were categorized and evaluated based on fertilizer treatment applied on RRIM 2002 clone tree: T1 (SRF + NPK at normal rate), T2 (SRF + 1.5 x NPK at normal rate), T3 (SRF + 2.0 x NPK at normal rate) and T4 (SRF + 2.5 x NPK at normal rate, control (NPK at normal rate). The resin used for particleboard fabrication was urea formaldehyde (UF) (63.9% solid) type E1. The resin content is 10%. The thickness of board is 10 mm with density 700 kgm-3 . The particleboards were fabricated and assessed in accordance to Japanese Industrial Standard for Particleboard (JIS A 5908-2003). The properties that been assessed were on modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB), thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA). From this study, it is found that fertilizer treatment influences the particle recovery and performance of particleboard especially on dimensional stability and internal bonding properties which significantly affected. The MOR and MOE of particleboard made from rubber trees that treated with SRF-NPK fertilizer showed better performance compared to that of with NPK fertilizer alone (control), however, the differences were not significant. In term of IB, no specific trend was observed. Lastly, for dimensional stability (TS and WA), particleboard produced from SRF-NPK fertilizer reduced the board stability when subjected to cold water soak.

scholarly journals Properties of Particleboard in Correlation with Mat Weight and Press Factor

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6803-6807
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Manufacturing Control ◽  
Screw Withdrawal

The influence of resin types on board properties and the correlation to mat weight and press factor on commercial production of particleboard were investigated. These factors could be used as the control mechanism for board making in order to predict final board properties. The resins used in this study were the lower emission resin E0, E1 and EC. Rubberwood and mix tropical species were used as raw material for manufacturing particleboard with thickness of 18mm. This research was done at Mieco Chipboard Bhd. The boards were tested for their mechanical properties which are modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB) and screw withdrawal. Overall, the result shows that board made from E0 resin had better MOE, MOR and IB. Meanwhile the result of screw edge showed that board made from E1 resin is better with the value of 510N. The result also showed high correlation between mat weight and press factor (0.937) and contributed in particleboard manufacturing control

scholarly journals Physico-Mechanical Properties of Particleboards Produced from Locally Sourced Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pelumi Ikubanni ◽  
Adekunle Akanni Adeleke ◽  
Adeolu Adesoji Adediran ◽  
Olayinka Oluwole Agboola
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Percentage Ratio ◽  
Internal Bonding Strength ◽  
Composite Samples ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

In this study, particleboard was produced from the blend of sawdust and rice husk with the inclusion of metallic chips and adhesives. Urea formaldehyde and gelatinous starch were used as adhesives. Particleboards (10 mm thickness) were made from varying weight percentage ratio of saw dust and rice husk using pressure in the neighbourhood of 3 N/mm2. The particleboard was tested to determine the density, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bonding strength (IBS). The density of the particleboards developed varies from 762.86 to 801.60 kg/m3. The moisture content of the samples varied between 9.22% and 9.98%. The MOR, MOE and IB values varied between 5.08 MPa and 26.08 MPa; 75.38 MPa and 412.4 MPa; and 0.013 MPa to 0.07 MPa, respectively. Composite samples C, E and H values for MOR, MOE and IBS gave significant results which met with the EN, ANSI A 208.1 and USDA standards. Hence, the admixture of rice husk and sawdust together with UF adhesive will be suitable in producing particleboard that could be useful for indoor and outdoor purposes.

Mechanical Properties of Composite Panels from Rice Husk

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Afidah Abu Bakar ◽  
Suhaimi Muhammed
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Strength Tests

The study involving utilization of agricultural residue is gaining attention. This is an attempt to investigate the possibility of producing composite panels from rice husk (RH), an abundant source of agricultural residues. Composite panels were produced by mixing 1mm of rice husk with a commercial binder called urea formaldehyde at different density levels namely 650kg/m3, 700kg/m3 and 750kg/m3. Two types of resin content (10% and 12%) were used. Mechanical strength tests were performed on the panels conforming to British Standard (BS EN 310). Results obtained indicated that the modulus of elasticity (MOE) increased up to 1753.98MPa at 750kg/m3 density level with 12% resin content. Similarly, modulus of rupture (MOR) increased up to 8.08MPa with increase in panel density and amount of resin content. Thus, the potential of producing reasonably good composite panels from rice husk for specific end usage is very promising.

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