scholarly journals SIFAT PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI SERAT TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN SERBUK KAYU DENGAN PEREKAT UREA FORMALDEHIDA (The Properties of Particle Board from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber Sawdust with Urea Formaldehyde Resin)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Djoko Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Internal Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Screw Withdrawal

A palm oil mill with a capacity of hundred thousand tons of fresh fruit bunches per year will produce palm fiber waste about 12,000 tons. Recently, the use of palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber is as fuel for electricity generation in the industry. Palm fiber waste contains lignocellulose materials as a feedstock to particle board manufacture. The aim of this research is to evaluate the properties of particle board from a mixture of OPEFB fiber and sawdust. The ratio of OPEFB fiber and sawdust are 100% : 0%; 75% : 25%; 50% : 50%; 25% : 75% and 0% : 100%, plus urea formaldehyde adhesive in a concentration of 11%. The boards were pressed using a clamp pressure of 16 kg/cm2 for 15 minutes at a temperature of 110 – 120 0C. The testing methods and standards of physical properties (moisture contents, thickness swelling, density) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity/MOE, modulus of rupture/MOR, screw withdrawal and internal bond strengths) refers to the SNI. 03 – 2105 - 2006. The results showed that the particle board made from 100% OPEFB fiber produces modulus of elasticity/MOE 1594.88 kg/cm2; modulus of rupture/MOR 18.08 kg/cm2; screw withdrawal 31.34 kg/cm2 and internal bond strength 0.86 kg/cm2. The addition of sawdust for 50% can improve modulus of elasticity/MOE, modulus of rupture/MOR and internal bond strength.

scholarly journals The potential of using forest waste as a raw material in particleboard manufacturing

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7780-7795
Author(s):  
Halil İbrahim Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Internal Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Forest Waste ◽  
Physical Density

Wood particles and a mixture of forest waste were investigated as raw material for the particleboard industry. Urea formaldehyde resin was used as the adhesive in the production of the particleboards. Some chemical (pH, dilute alkali solubility, hot and cold water solubility), physical (density, moisture, thickness swelling, and water absorption), mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, and screw holding strength) properties, as well as the contact angle values of the resulting particleboards were determined. Due to its needle litter and cone content, the forest waste exhibited a lower pH value and a higher content of extractive material than wood. Increasing the addition of forest waste led to significant reductions in the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards. The addition of forest waste reduced the internal bond strength the most (56.6%), whereas the least reduction (15.7%) was in the value of screw holding strength perpendicular to the surface. The values of all panels except panel type F exceeded the minimum modulus of elasticity (1600 N mm-2) required for furniture production according to the EN 312-P2 standard. Results of the analyses showed that forest waste (10% and 20%) is a suitable renewable raw material source for panel production.

scholarly journals Sifat Papan Partikel Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper) dan Bambu Wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea) dengan Perlakuan Ekstraksi

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Ragil Widyorini ◽  
Ikhwan Syahri ◽  
Greitta Kusuma Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Internal Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Japanese Industrial Standard ◽  
Dendrocalamus Asper ◽  
Extraction Treatment

Bambu memiliki kandungan ekstraktif dengan persentase yang berbeda antar jenis bambu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan ekstraksi pada jenis bambu yang berbeda terhadap sifat papan partikel. Dua jenis bambu digunakan yaitu Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper) dan Bambu Wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea). Perlakuan ekstraksi digunakan pada partikel bambu sebelum proses pembuatan papan partikel yaitu tanpa ekstraksi, ekstraksi air dingin dan ekstraksi air panas. Papan partikel dibuat dalam ukuran 25 cm x 25 cm x 0,7 cm, target kerapatan 0,9 g/cm3, jumlah asam sitrat 30%, serta kondisi pengempaan suhu 180°C selama 10 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi perlakuan ekstraksi dan jenis bambu hanya berpengaruh signifikan pada sifat penyerapan air dan keteguhan rekat internal, sedangkan jenis bambu berpengaruh signifikan pada nilai kadar air, modulus patah dan modulus elastisitas. Semua papan partikel yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 tipe 13. Pada penelitian ini, papan partikel dari bambu wulung tanpa perlakuan ekstraksi mempunyai nilai yang memenuhi standar tipe 18 dan berpotensi sebagai bahan baku untuk produk furnitur eksterior. Perlakuan ekstraksi dapat meningkatkan secara signifikan nilai keteguhan rekat internal papan partikel bambu petung, walaupun secara umum dengan jumlah asam sitrat 30% perlakuan tersebut tidak diperlukan pada papan partikel bambu Properties of Particleboard made from Petung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) and Wulung Bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolacea) Particles with Extraction TreatmentAbstractBamboo has extractives, which the percentage of extractive was different based on bamboo species. This research aimed to investigate the effect of extraction treatment at different bamboo species on the particleboard properties. Two types of bamboo were used, i.e. Petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) and Wulung bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolacea). Three extraction treatments were conducted to the bamboo particles before the particleboard manufacture, i.e. unextracted, cold-water extraction, and hot-waterextraction. The particleboard was made in the size of 25 cm x 25 cm x 0.7 cm, target density of 0.9 g/cm³, citric acid content of 30%, and pressing temperature of 180°C for 10 min. The results showed that the interaction between extraction treatment and bamboo species significantly affected on the water absorption and internal bond strength, however bamboo species affected significantly on the moisture content, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity. All of particleboards could met the requirement of the 13 type of Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908. In this research, particleboards made from wulung bamboo particles without extraction treatment have properties that met the requirement of the 18 type and the products have potential to be as exterior materials for furniture. In general, an extraction treatment was not an important step on the manufacturing of bamboo particleboard using citric acid 30% as adhesive. However, the extraction treatment could increase significantly the internal bond strength of particleboard made from petung bamboo.

Development and evaluation of new curing agents derived from glycerol for formaldehyde-free soy-based adhesives in wood composites

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Huang ◽  
Kai Gu ◽  
Kaichang Li
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Resistance Tests

Abstract Three novel curing agents (I, II, and III) were synthesized from epichlorohydrin and ammonium hydroxide. The combinations of soy flour (SF) with one of the curing agents (SF-I, SF-II, and SF-III) were investigated as adhesives for making interior plywood. Water resistance tests showed that plywood panels bonded with SF-I and SF-III adhesives met the requirements of interior plywood, whereas those bonded with SF-II did not. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength of particleboard panels bonded with the SF-II adhesive all exceeded the corresponding minimum industrial requirements for M-2 grade particleboard.

scholarly journals Properties of Empty Fruit Bunches Eco-Composite Boards from Elaeis guineesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Razak Wahab ◽  
Mohd Tamizi Mustafa ◽  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
Siti Marlia Mohd Don
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Maximum Modulus ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Conditioning Chamber ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Screw Withdrawal

This studies investigated on the properties of eco-composite boards made from Elaeis guineesis empty fruit bunch. The empty fruit bunches (EFB) collected from a private Elaeis guineesis plantation in Selangor. The EFB refined using fiber cutter and particle crusher. Hardeners and wax added at 1% and 3% during the mixing process. Boards with densities of 700, 600 and 500 kg/m3produced using resin urea formaldehyde as the bonding agent at 10, 12 and 14%. The boards conditioned in a conditioning chamber set at 20±2°C and 65% relative humidity before undergoing subsequent testing. Preparation for boards and tests samples follows BS and EN Standards specifications. Maximum modulus of rupture (MOR) were 22.91 N/mm2and modulus of elasticity (MOE) 2059.56 N/mm2. The internal bonding recorded at 0.98 N/mm2, for the edge and face screw withdrawal were at 467.47 N/mm2 and 512.37 N/mm2 respectively. The boards with 700 kg/m3 density and 14% resin content met the required standard with good dimensional stability. In the thermogravimetric analysis the maximum rate of decomposition for the EFB boards occurred at 380.83°C. The board's overall properties are influence by the density and resin content applied.

scholarly journals Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Semen dari Serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Board Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fibers)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Screw Withdrawal ◽  
Cement Board

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber were industrial waste that has not been widely used by the community, only stacked and cause odors that interfere with the surrounding environment. This research studied the utilization of OPEFB fiber for cement board products using cement as resin and CaCl2 as accelerator. Laboratory scale cement board made from OPEFB fiber were mixed with cement, and CaCl2. The composition of fiber and cement were 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, and CaCl2 variations were 0%, 1% and 3%. A mixture of fibers, cement and CaCl2 was compressed at the pressure of 4 ton for 24 hours. The cement boards were tested for physical and mechanical properties according to JIS A 5417-1992, and the results were compared to the requirements of the cement board JIS A 5417-1992. Cement board made from fiber and cement composition 1:1.5 and CaCl2 content 3% produced moisture content, thickness swelling, water absorption, density, modulus of rupture/MOR, modulus of elasticity/MOE and screw withdrawal strength that met the requirement of JIS A 5417-1992. The composition of fiber and cement and the variations of CaCl2 content produced significant effect on water content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture/MOR, modulus of elasticity/MOE and screw withdrawal strength on cement boards.Keywords : oil palm empty fruit bunches fiber, cement boards, physical and mechanical properties

The influence of particleboard resination on their internal bond strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Stella Rzyska-Pruchnik ◽  
Grzegorz Kowaluk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Internal Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Positive Effect

The influence of particleboard resination on their internal bond strength. The aim of the project was to investigate the main mechanical and physical properties of particleboards, especially focused on internal bond, in terms of their resination. For the tests, the particleboards have been produced in laboratory conditions with the following glue content: 7, 10, 15, 30 and 50%. Particular attention was paid for examining the mechanical property – tensile strength perpendicular to surfaces (Internal Bond – IB). In addition, there were investigated modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) density and density profile. In the light of above mentioned tests, there is no positive effect of improvement of tested parameters when raise resination over 30% when producing particleboards. With the resination increase from 7 to 50% a significant change (densification) of panels’ structure, as well as differences between face and core layers density have been found.

SIFAT FISIK MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL TANPA PEREKAT DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis Guineensis acq)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Tri Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

This research aimed to get the physical and mechanical properties of non adhesive-particle board from oil palm empty fruit bunches. The oil palm empty fruit bunches were degradated to fibre and boiled in boiling water during 60 minute then dried in ± 2 weeks. The dried raw material was chopped to be fibre in 5 mesh, 10 mesh, and 16 mesh. It were complied into a mold and then hot pressed in 35 kgf/cm2 pressure during 10 minute with 3 of temperature variety, 160°C, 180°C and 200°C. The result showed that the average of particle board water content was 7,11 -  9,85 % and the density was 0,63 – 0,76 gr/cm3. The highest thickness swelling was 22,59 % in 10 mesh and 160 0C (a2b1) temperature of oil palm empty fruit bunches. The modulus of rupture was 211,67 kg/cm2  in 10 mesh and 180 0C (a2b2) temperature. The modulus of elasticity was 490,85 kg/cm2 in 10 mesh and 160 0C (a2b1) temperature. The tensile strength was 7,49 kg/cm2 in 5 mesh and 200 0C (a1b3) temperature. The average of physical and mechanical properties such as water content, density, modulus of rupture, tensile strength were fulfill the SNI requirement, while the average of thickness swelling and modulus of elasticity were not fulfill the SNI requirement.Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches, particle board

scholarly journals Larch Bark as a Formaldehyde Scavenger in Thermal Insulation Panels

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Cătălin Barbu ◽  
Yasmin Lohninger ◽  
Simon Hofmann ◽  
Günther Kain ◽  
Alexander Petutschnigg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Content ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

The aim of this study is to investigate the formaldehyde content and emissions of bark-based insulation panels bonded with three types of adhesives: urea formaldehyde, melamine urea-formaldehyde, and tannin-based adhesives. These panels were produced at two levels of density—300 and 500 kg/m3—and a thickness of 20 mm, and the influence of the adhesive amount and type on the formaldehyde emissions and content was measured. Other mechanical and physical properties such as modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond, and dimensional stability were also scrutinized. With one exception, all the panels belonged to the super E0 classification for free formaldehyde content (perforator value ≤1.5 mg/100 g oven dry mass of panels). The measurements using the desiccator method for formaldehyde emissions assigned all the testing specimens in the F **** category for low-emission panels according to the Japanese International Standards.

scholarly journals Empirical models for estimating properties of developed composite material from agro waste

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
J. O. Osarenmwinda ◽  
J. C Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling

Study was carried out to develop an empirical models for estimating the properties of developed composite material from agro waste (sawdust and palm kernel shell). The properties of the produced composite materials from agro waste obtained in previous experimental investigation were used to determine empirical model for hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity; modulus of rupture, internal bond strength, density, thickness swelling and water absorption .The values obtained from the empirical models were found to compare favourably with the experimental values. The mean percentage error were determined to be -0.02167% (hardness), -0.462167%( yield strength),-0.03625 (ultimate tensile strength), -0.01045% (modulus of elasticity), -0.044057% (modulus of rupture), 0.001033% (internal bond strength),0.2153%(density), 0.5277% (thickness swelling) and 0.1365% (water absorption). These values were insignificant and below the maximum recommended error of 10%. These model performance were therefore found to be satisfactory and show good predictability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document