Properties of Particleboard from Sawmill Wastes and Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) with Different Board Thickness and Resin Content

This study investigate the effect of the board thickness and resin content on the properties of particleboard. Single-layered sawmill wastes and rubberwood particleboards bonded with urea formaldehyde (UF) resins were manufactured. The boards were fabricated with three different board thicknesses (15, 18 and 25mm) at three different resin contents (7, 8 and 9%). The boards produced were evaluated for their modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB) and thickness swelling (TS) in accordance with the European Standards. Board thickness does affect the mechanical properties of particleboard. The study revealed that thinner boards gave higher MOE, MOR, IB and TS. No significant effects were found among three resin contents for MOE, MOR, IB and TS. It can be concluded that the particleboard made from mix tropical wood from sawmill waste and with rubberwood were suitable for particleboard manufacturing.

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Mechanical Properties of Commercial Particleboard from Rubberwood (Hevea Brasiliensis) and Recycle Mix-Tropical Wood with Different Board Density

Science Proceedings Series ◽

10.31580/sps.v3i1.1941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 41-44

Author(s):

Nur Wafa Amalina Amali ◽

Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus ◽

Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Wood Particle ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Board Density ◽

Tropical Wood ◽

Minimum Requirements

In this study, mechanical properties of commercially manufactured hybrid particleboard from mix-tropical wood and rubberwood with four different densities at 25mm thickness have been investigated. The particleboard sample cutting and testing was in accordance to EN312:2013. The density of particleboard is identified with interval of 10kg/m3 for different densities which include 660kg/m3, 670kg/m3, 680kg/m3 and 690kg/m3. Particleboards were made with the ratio of 40:60 for mix-tropical wood particle and rubberwood particle respectively. The particleboards were prepared with urea formaldehyde (UF) with E1 formulation with addition of wax and hardener. Increment of 10kg/m3 density for each particleboard led to increase in internal bonding (IB), bending testing include modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE), surface soundness (SS) and screw edge (SE) withdrawal. It was found that with board increment of 10kg/m3, the improvement was not statically significant except that for MOR. All panels met the minimum requirements of standard.

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Effect of Ozone Treatment on Properties of Screw Pressed and Non-Screw Pressed Empty Fruit Bunch Medium Density Particleboard

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1134.116 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1134 ◽

pp. 116-122

Author(s):

Roslan Ali ◽

Mohamad Nurul Azman Mohammad Taib ◽

Kamal Wok ◽

Shawaluddin Tahiruddin ◽

Mohd Amrin Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Ozone Treatment ◽

Medium Density ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Thickness Swelling

This study was done to investigate the effects of ozone treatment as a method to improve the properties of empty fruit bunch (EFB) medium density particleboard. Two types of EFB were used in this study i.e. screw pressed and non-screw pressed empty fruit bunch. These EFB were treated in an ozone chamber for 8 hours prior to particleboard manufacturing. The mechanical properties, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Internal Bonding (IB) and physical properties, water Absorption (WA) and Thickness Swelling (TS) of EFB particleboard were determined. The results showed that the ozone treatment could increase the MOR and IB values of EFB particleboard, but had no significant effect on MOE values. For physical properties, the values showed no improvement for TS and WA. The panels manufactured using ozone treatment was found suitable for applications for furniture products.

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Straw based particleboard bonded with composite adhesives

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.6.1.464-476 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 464-476

Author(s):

Yanhua Zhang ◽

Jiyou Gu ◽

Haiyan Tan ◽

Mingwei Di ◽

Libin Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Bonding Strength ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Formaldehyde Emission ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Internal Bonding Strength

Environmentally friendly particleboard was prepared with wheat straw, an inexpensive material. The particleboard was produced by a mixing process, using a composite adhesive comprised of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives and EPU. The performance of the board was evaluated by measuring internal bonding strength (IB), thickness swelling, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and formaldehyde emission. The experimental results showed that maximum of dry and wet internal bonding strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity were 0.45MPa, 0.18MPa, 31.80MPa, and 5043MPa, respectively. The thickness swelling (TS2h) and thickness swelling (TS24h) were 3.9% and 10.7%, respectively. The composite adhesives and particleboards were measured by differential scanning calorimentry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements. The results indicated that the composite adhesive of UF/EPU could contribute to excellent mechanical, thermal, and water-resistant properties of the wheat straw particleboards.

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Eco-Friendly, High-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Urea-Formaldehyde and Ammonium Lignosulfonate

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13020220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 220

Author(s):

Petar Antov ◽

Viktor Savov ◽

Ľuboš Krišťák ◽

Roman Réh ◽

George I. Mantanis

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

High Density ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Formaldehyde Content ◽

Uf Resin ◽

Natural Wood ◽

European Standards

The potential of producing eco-friendly, formaldehyde-free, high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels from hardwood fibers bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and a novel ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) is investigated in this paper. HDF panels were fabricated in the laboratory by applying a very low UF gluing factor (3%) and ALS content varying from 6% to 10% (based on the dry fibers). The physical and mechanical properties of the fiberboards, such as water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), as well as formaldehyde content, were determined in accordance with the corresponding European standards. Overall, the HDF panels exhibited very satisfactory physical and mechanical properties, fully complying with the standard requirements of HDF for use in load-bearing applications in humid conditions. Markedly, the formaldehyde content of the laboratory fabricated panels was extremely low, ranging between 0.7–1.0 mg/100 g, which is, in fact, equivalent to the formaldehyde release of natural wood.

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KUALITAS PAPAN KOMPOSIT LIMBAH KULIT BATANG SAGU (Metroxylon sp) DAN PLASTIK POLIPROPILENA BERDASARKAN JUMLAH LAPISAN PENYUSUN

Jurnal TENGKAWANG ◽

10.26418/jt.v7i1.23665 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mayang Archila ◽

Farah Diba ◽

Dina Setyawati ◽

. Nurhaida

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Composite Board ◽

Average Value ◽

Composite Layers ◽

Sago Bark

The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the number of composite layers on the quality of the composite board from sago bark waste and plastic waste, and the number of composite layers that produce the best quality on composite board. The composite board is made with size 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm. The composition and division of the material was carried out manually with the polypropylene distribution divided into three parts: the front and rear respectively of 15%, and the center 70% of the plastic weight. Target density of composite boards was 0.7 g / cm3. The treatment used is based on the number of layers composing, which is 5 layers, 7 layers, 9 layers, 11 layers and 13 layers. After mixed the sago bark particle and waste of polypropylene, the materials then compressed with hot press at 180oC with pressure about ± 25 kg / cm2 for 10 minutes. The composite boards then tested the quality included physical and mechanical properties. Testing of physical and mechanical properties refers to JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Physical properties consist of density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption. Mechanical properties consist of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, and modulus of screw holding strength. The study used a completely randomized design experiment consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed the average value of composite density was range between 0.6962 – 0.7896 g/cm3, the moisture content was range between 4.3388 % - 6.8066%, the thickness swelling was range between 8.2605% - 11.9615%, and water absorption was range between 17.2380% - 22.3867%. The average value of modulus of rupture was range between 60,0632 kg/cm2 – 64,4068 kg/cm2, the modulus of elasticity was range between 17935,1813g/cm2 – 32841,8278 kg/cm2, the internal bonding was range between 1,9268 kg/cm2 - 5,4119 kg/cm2, and the modulus of screw holding strength was range between 78,2530 kg/cm2 – 92,9677 kg/cm2. The composite board made from sago stem bark waste and polypropylene waste plastic with 13 layers treatment is the best composite board and fulfilled the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Keywords: bark of sago, composite boards, layer of composite, polypropylenes plastic, waste

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Effects of thermo-hydro-mechanical treatments on various physical and mechanical properties of poplar (Populus) wood

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.4.9596-9610 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 9596-9610

Author(s):

Yali Shao ◽

Lili Li ◽

Zhangjing Chen ◽

Sunguo Wang ◽

Ximing Wang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Mechanical Treatment ◽

Elasticity Modulus ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Compression Rate ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Maximum Thickness

Poplar (Populus) wood was subjected in this work to thermo-hydro-mechanical treatment. The influence of the treatment parameters on the physical and mechanical properties were investigated. The wood samples were densified under three compression ratios (0%, 30%, and 50%), and thermally treated at three temperatures (180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C), at three thermal treatment durations (3 h, 4 h, and 5 h). The density, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, radial hardness, and thickness swelling were measured. The results showed that the densities of the samples increased by 36.6% to 49.7%. As the compression rate increased, the temperature, duration, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and hardness increased. However, the dimensions of the densified samples were less stable. Compared to the densiﬁed samples, the maximum thickness swelling could be reduced by 74% (from 29.7% to 7.8%) when subjected to a thermal treatment at 220 °C for 3 h.

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Properties of Particleboard in Correlation with Mat Weight and Press Factor

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.d5226.118419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 6803-6807

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Control Mechanism ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Tropical Species ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Manufacturing Control ◽

Screw Withdrawal

The influence of resin types on board properties and the correlation to mat weight and press factor on commercial production of particleboard were investigated. These factors could be used as the control mechanism for board making in order to predict final board properties. The resins used in this study were the lower emission resin E0, E1 and EC. Rubberwood and mix tropical species were used as raw material for manufacturing particleboard with thickness of 18mm. This research was done at Mieco Chipboard Bhd. The boards were tested for their mechanical properties which are modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB) and screw withdrawal. Overall, the result shows that board made from E0 resin had better MOE, MOR and IB. Meanwhile the result of screw edge showed that board made from E1 resin is better with the value of 510N. The result also showed high correlation between mat weight and press factor (0.937) and contributed in particleboard manufacturing control

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Physical and Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Corncob and Sawdust Cement Bonded Ceiling Boards

International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.42.65 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 65-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Atoyebi Olumoyewa Dotun ◽

Odeyemi Samson Olalekan ◽

Azeez Lateef Olugbenga ◽

Modupe Abayomi Emmanuel

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Cement Content ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

American National Standard Institute ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

National Standard ◽

Thickness Swelling

This study considered the production of composite ceiling boards from both agricultural and industrial wastes. Boards with different blending proportions by weight of cement, corncob and sawdust (Cem:Ccb:Swd) were produced and tested. Physical and mechanical tests such as Water Absorption (WA), Thickness Swelling (TS), Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) were carried out on the products. The findings revealed that the board with Cem:Ccb:Swd blending proportion 50:10:40 gave the highest values of MOE and MOR and also had the lowest values of WA and TS. The MOE and MOR values of 3.432 are both higher than the minimum values of 550 N/mm2 and 3 N/mm2 specified for MOE and MOR respectively by the American National Standard Institute, for general-use particle boards. The cement content is inversely proportional to the physical properties and directly proportional to the mechanical properties.

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Formaldehyde Use and Alternative Biobased Binders for Particleboard Formulation: A Review

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/5256897 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stephen Warui Kariuki ◽

Jackson Wachira ◽

Millien Kawira ◽

Genson Murithi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Modified Starch ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

The Cost ◽

Over Time

Formaldehyde-based resins are conventionally used as a binder in formulation of particleboard. Epidemiologic studies have shown that formaldehyde is carcinogenic. Efforts to reduce the health hazard effects of the fomaldehyde-based resin in the particleboard formulation have included use of scavengers for formaldehydes and use of an alternative binder. Use of scavengers for the formaldehyde increases the cost and maintenance of particleboard formulation. There is no proof that scavengers eliminate the emission of formaldehyde from particleboard. Use of biobased binders in particleboard formulation provides an alternative for eliminating use of the formaldehyde-based resin. However, the alternative is hindered by challenges, which include limitations of physical and mechanical properties. The challenge has continuously been acted upon through research. The paper presents an overview of the use of starch as an alternative binder. Improvement over time of the starch and limitations thereof requires to be addressed. Use of the modified starch has shown increased particleboard performance. Mechanical strength, such as modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bonding in particleboards, however, remains to be a challenge.

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Properties of Empty Fruit Bunches Eco-Composite Boards from Elaeis guineesis

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v5i3.11300 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Razak Wahab ◽

Mohd Tamizi Mustafa ◽

Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽

Siti Marlia Mohd Don

Keyword(s):

Maximum Rate ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Maximum Modulus ◽

Resin Content ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Internal Bonding ◽

Mixing Process ◽

Conditioning Chamber ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Screw Withdrawal

This studies investigated on the properties of eco-composite boards made from Elaeis guineesis empty fruit bunch. The empty fruit bunches (EFB) collected from a private Elaeis guineesis plantation in Selangor. The EFB refined using fiber cutter and particle crusher. Hardeners and wax added at 1% and 3% during the mixing process. Boards with densities of 700, 600 and 500 kg/m3produced using resin urea formaldehyde as the bonding agent at 10, 12 and 14%. The boards conditioned in a conditioning chamber set at 20±2°C and 65% relative humidity before undergoing subsequent testing. Preparation for boards and tests samples follows BS and EN Standards specifications. Maximum modulus of rupture (MOR) were 22.91 N/mm2and modulus of elasticity (MOE) 2059.56 N/mm2. The internal bonding recorded at 0.98 N/mm2, for the edge and face screw withdrawal were at 467.47 N/mm2 and 512.37 N/mm2 respectively. The boards with 700 kg/m3 density and 14% resin content met the required standard with good dimensional stability. In the thermogravimetric analysis the maximum rate of decomposition for the EFB boards occurred at 380.83°C. The board's overall properties are influence by the density and resin content applied.

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