EVALUATION OF THERMAL INSULATION PERFORMANCE OF PERLITE EXPANDED PARTICLES

The aim of this work is to test the effectiveness of new thermal insulation material formed from semi-spherical Perlite expanded particles for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanks. Five different samples of semi-spherical particles of (68.8, 90.4, 300.5, 1211000, 1861000) *10-9 m diameter are used as a new thermal insulating material in this work. To simulate the LPG tank wall, a stainless-steel plate of a thickness (3mm) is coated with this material and subjected to a resistive type flat plate heater. The thermal insulation coating thickness was (0.5mm to 2mm). This plate is subjected to different power loads namely (650, 1260 W/m2). Results show that increasing the insulation expanded particle size increases the difference in temperatures on both sides of the insulation layer. The first three sizes of the insulation material reported a temperature difference at both sides of the coating layer is about 18 oC, while that for the fourth and fifth size are 20 oC and 25 oC respectively since larger expanded particles size has higher air content that enables them to reduce and delay heat transfer. The thermal conductivity of coated thermal insulation with large Perlite particle size is (0.25 W/m.K), while that for small size is (0.42 W/m.K). The previously reported thermal conductivity for Silica granules is less than 0.4 W/(m.K)for insulation thickness of (50 mm), while that for binderless cotton stalk fiberboard (BCSF) is ranged from 0.0585 to 0.0815 W/m K for board thickness 25mm. The indicated thermal conductivity for coconut husk and bagasse insulation boards is 0.046 and 0.068 W/mK for board thickness 25mm. So utilizing Perlite expanded particles as an insulation material is superior since it is a slim layer not exceeded 2 mm.

Hubungan Letak Aksial dan Variasi Ketebalan Papan terhadap Penyusunan Skedul Pengeringan Kayu Cemara Gunung (Casuarina Junghuhniana Miq.) (Relationship Between Axial Location and Board Thickness Variation on the Development of Drying Schedule of Cemara Gunung (Casuarina Junghuhniana Miq.))

The research aimed to determine drying characteristics, developing drying schedule, and its relationship to the axial position of the sample on the stem, board thickness, specific gravity, and percentage of heartwood.This research used cemara gunung (Casuarina junghuhniana Miq.) as samples with 6 replications and 2 factors that are the axial location (bottom, middle, and top) and board thickness (2 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm). The drying schedule development followed the Terazawa Method, in which the samples were dried within a temperature of 100°C for 72 h. The proper schedule was then applied and evaluated. The research obtained 11 variations of the drying schedule.The chi-square analysis results indicated that the board thickness and percentage of heartwood were significantly correlated with the development of the drying schedule. The drying schedule using board thickness of 2 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm can be dried with an initial temperature of 60°C, 50°C, and 47°C, respectively. The wet-bulb depression was 4°C, 2°C, and 2°C, respectively, and the final temperature was 90°C, 80°C,and 65°C, respectively. Keywords: axial, board-thickness, Casuarina junghuhniana, drying-schedule, Terazawa method

Quality Control of the Continuous Hot Pressing Process of Medium Density Fiberboard Using Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

In this paper, a fuzzy failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method is proposed by combining fault theory and a failure analysis method. The method addresses the problem of board thickness control failure and the problem of thickness deviation defect blanking, which can occur during continuous hot pressing (CHP) process, which is one of the most important processes in the production of medium-density fiberboard (MDF). The method combines the fault analysis with the Hamming code method and using the Hamming code to calculate and represent the cylinder array of the continuous hot-pressed thickness control execution unit to analyze and process the potential fixed thickness failure modes in MDF hot press production, and then summarizes the decision rules for controlling the board thickness and the level of sheet deviation. By combining the fuzzy FMEA method of the Hamming code and the logical OR operation of the experimental analysis, the method of thickness deviation and recognition control fault information for the CHP of MDF, which is proposed in this paper, permits the increase of the number of error levels, which makes optimization for controller more convenient and improves the efficiency to recognize errors.

Fire barrier based on expanded perlite composites

Decreased strength of building materials as a result of flame impingement (e.g. during a fire) is one of major threats in the construction branch. For these reasons, the effectiveness of fire safety systems in various kinds of facilities or structures is extremely important. One of the determinants of this effectiveness is so-called fire insulation, i.e. time expressed in minutes after which an increase in the temperature of a protected structure or facility exceeds a certain admissible value (140 °C). The results of investigations presented in the article concern the determination of the effect of various mineral binders used in the manufacture of insulation boards from expanded perlite on fire resistance and, in consequence, on extending the time of fire insulation in the conditions of cellulose and hydrocarbon fire. The conducted research has revealed that the fire resistance of perlite products can be modelled by selecting adequate mineral binders, with respect to specific applications and economic considerations. Insulation boards based on expanded perlite – depending on the binder used – were characterized by a fire insulation ranging (with a board thickness of 50 mm) from 50 to 100 minutes in the conditions of cellulose fire and from 20 to 30 minutes in the conditions of hydrocarbon fire.

Properties of Particleboard from Sawmill Wastes and Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) with Different Board Thickness and Resin Content

This study investigate the effect of the board thickness and resin content on the properties of particleboard. Single-layered sawmill wastes and rubberwood particleboards bonded with urea formaldehyde (UF) resins were manufactured. The boards were fabricated with three different board thicknesses (15, 18 and 25mm) at three different resin contents (7, 8 and 9%). The boards produced were evaluated for their modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB) and thickness swelling (TS) in accordance with the European Standards. Board thickness does affect the mechanical properties of particleboard. The study revealed that thinner boards gave higher MOE, MOR, IB and TS. No significant effects were found among three resin contents for MOE, MOR, IB and TS. It can be concluded that the particleboard made from mix tropical wood from sawmill waste and with rubberwood were suitable for particleboard manufacturing.

Enhancing the Production Efficiency in Paper Recycling Plant through Thickness Measurement

The whole world is moving towards recycling or green campus; such an initiative is focused here. In order to make use of the recycled raw materials completely without any wastage, certain measurements are necessary. Such measurement is the paper or board thickness has been proposed in this paper. The paper thickness measurement plays a vital role in order to minimize the pulp wastage and increase the production rate. The measurement technique utilized for paper thickness measurement is the ultrasonic method. The ultrasonic sensor-based paper thickness measurement helps in getting optimized results of maximum utility and minimal wastage. The thickness measurement indicator is designed to monitor the paper or card board thickness in an effective way. The improves the productivity of the paper production plant.

Degradation of Medium Density Fibreboard and Particleboard Mechanical Performance after Exposed to Different Environmental Condition

Wood or natural-based products will continue to be susceptible to degradation. However, this degradation process can be slow-down by introducing additives or certain treatment. The properties (i.e. mechanical, physical, bonding etc.) of wood-based panel such as Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) and Particleboard (PB) degrades in function with period of usage or exposure due to factors in surrounding conditions. This work focuses on the study of mechanical performance deterioration for MDF and PB after condition in the air-conditioned room and ambient for three months. Through this study, comparisons of various board variables (board types, exposure conditions, board thicknesses, resin types) influences the board performance degradation process. The project also studied the effects of cold-water immersion (12, 24 and 72 hours) to the mechanical properties of the board. The mechanical performance of boards was evaluated based on static bending (Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rupture) and internal bonding tests after exposed for 3 months. All boards (MDF and PB) used in this study were obtained from local commercial panel manufacturer and test according to JIS A 5908-1994. The findings show that all the variables studied: exposure conditions, resin type, board thickness and board type respectively, have a significant effect on the diminished strength of panel strengths. The conditioning method and board type found to influence foremost compared with resin type. Exposing both of panels in air-conditioned room found to delay the degradation compared with ambient exposure for tested properties; MOE, MOR and IB respectively. The board thickness seems influenced the degradation of the board in any exposure

Effect of Thickness on Thermal Conductivity Based on Waste Newspaper Particle Board

<p style="text-align: justify;">Waste newspaper by most people still considered as waste that has not been used optimally, and it is the one of processed materials from wood which has lignocellulose. The material has the potential to produce particle board to test the value of thermal conductivity, which it is expected to be used as heat insulator. The process of producing particle board is by mixing 450 grams pureed newspaper with 260 grams PVAC, then print it with size (12x7)cm2 with the thickness of 0.5cm; 1 cm; 1.5 cm; 2 cm; 2.5 cm; 3 cm. The process to make particle board drying is for 5 days and the test of thermal conductivity using a 100 watt heat source, and an infrared thermometer. The result obtained from the value of thermal conductivity from newspaper particle board is when more higher value of particle board thickness then more higher the thermal conductivity value. From these result it can be concluded that the particle board which can be used as heat insulation material is the one that has a thermal conductivity value of 0.066 W/ mC; 0.125 W/ mC; 0.0167 W/ mC with thickness range of 1 cm to 2 cm.©2017 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.</p>