scholarly journals What Was the Impact of Zionism on Displaced Jewish Refugees in Germany in the Aftermath of the Second World War?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Francesco Bruno
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Second World

This paper explores the birth of the state of Israel with particular emphasis on the role of the Zionist ideology. Zionism as an ideology can be seen not only as a singular ideological view, but as a confluence of multiple ideas that trace back to the 19th century and even earlier to the diaspora of the Jewish people. The final product of the Zionist idea is the state of Israel. Great emphasis in this paper Is given to the role of Zionism after the end of World War II, which saw the mass murder of over 6 million Jewish. Zionism posed the dilemma to the Jewish people in the following terms: the creation of a state where Jewish people could have been represented as the majority with their own rules and legislation and the complete assimilation within other countries. In other words, Zionism aimed to give the Jewish people a nationalistic identity and remains a strong factor that influenced the Jewish people within the DP camps in the aftermath of the Second World conflict. The paper begins with the analysis of Zionism as an ideology from the 19th century onward and the conditions of the Jewish people in the aftermath of World War II. These two points are then analysed to demonstrate two main points. The first is the resiliency and adaptability of the Zionist ideology as the only way forward for the Jewish people and second, the status of the Jewish people as “victims” and this idea gave them the freedom to approach the creation of a new society with a general “benevolence” from the international community.

Gustavo Juan Franceschi and the Jews: The Overcoming of Prejudice by an Argentine Prelate

1993 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
Allan Metz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Proper Context ◽  
The Catholic Church

This article seeks to demonstrate how Monsignor Gustavo Juan Franceschi (1871–1957) became a friend of the newly created state of Israel when only twenty years earlier he had maintained that Jews constituted Argentina's major political problem. This intellectual transformation will be traced through a consideration of Franceschi's writings about the Jews. As a prominent member of the Catholic church and a strong advocate of Argentine nationalism, his views also reflected the generally ambivalent and suspicious attitude which that powerful institution held regarding Jews. However, following the devastation of European Jewry during World War II and the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, Franceschi's opinion of Jews moderated, resulting in greater understanding. Before presenting Franceschi's views, a consideration of Argentine Catholic nationalism will be provided in order to place these opinions within a proper context.

The Cosmopolitan and the National

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The State ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
American Jews ◽  
World War ◽  
American Jewry ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Of Israel

This chapter covers the period between World War II and 1967. In many ways 1948 was a decisive moment in the foreign policies of American Jews. This is the year that two different solutions to the Jewish Problem and the Jewish Question took firm institutional shape—the State of Israel and the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. American Jews were involved in both developments. In retrospect, two elements stand out in this period. After decades of worrying about the tensions between nationalism and cosmopolitanism, they began to relax. It also is surprising how little the creation of Israel affected American Jewry, and that tepidness stems partly from the fact that American Jews had never been die-hard nationalists.

scholarly journals PANTERA NO PORÃO: TOTALITARISMO, PERSEGUIÇÃO, MAL-ESTAR E EXPERIÊNCIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GISÉLLE RAZERA
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
The Way

Resumo: Este trabalho deriva da análise do livro Pantera no Porão, de Amós Oz, sob o prisma do ensaio “Mal-estar na Civilização”, de Sigmund Freud, e do livro As origens do to-talitarismo, de Hanna Arendt. Além disso, tem na obra Holocausto, história dos judeus na Europa na Segunda Guerra Mundial, de Martin Gilbert, o texto que embasa a contextuali-zação do chão histórico sobre as condições de vida do povo judeu no Velho Continente e no artigo “O Estado de Israel: fundamentos históricos” a fundamentação que visa descrever o processo de formação do Estado de Israel. A abordagem apresentada neste artigo busca dar evidência ao modo como a perseguição aos judeus – descrita por Arendt e Gilbert, além dos pressupostos de Freud – está representada nas páginas de Pantera no porão, narrativa que tem como pano de fundo a fixação da comunidade judaica em terras árabes. Palavras-chave: Amós Oz – Pantera no Porão – Holocausto – Totalitarismo – Israel. Abstract: Panther in the Basement: totalitarianism, persecution, malaise and experience This work is derived from the analysis of Amos Oz's Panther in the Basement, under the prism of Sigmund Freud's essay "Malaise in Civilization" and Hanna Arendt's The Origins of Totalitarianism. In addition to the history of the Jews in Europe in World War II, by Martin Gilbert, the text of the Holocaust, the history of the Jewish people in the Old Conti-nent and the article "The State of Israel: Historical grounds" the grounds for describing the process of formation of the State of Israel. The approach presented in this ar-ticle seeks to give evidence to the way in which the persecution of the Jews – described by Arendt and Gilbert, in addition to the assumptions of Freud – is represented in the pages of Pantera in the basement, narrative that has as background the fixation of the Jewish com-munity in Arab lands. Keywords: Amos Oz - Panther in the Basement - Holocaust - Totalitarianism – Israel.

A VIEW ON THE HISTORY OF LATVIAN-FRENCH CULTURAL RELATIONS BEFORE WORLD WAR II

Via Latgalica ◽  
2008 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Kārlis Počs
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Soviet Occupation ◽  
French Culture ◽  
The 19Th Century

Because of the geographic location of the Latvian and the French nations and of different trends in the development of their histories contacts between them were established relatively late. This in turn slowed down the development of their cultural relations. In this development, we can distinguish two stages: before the formation of the Latvian state (from the second half of the 19th century until 1918), and during the Latvian state until the Soviet occupation (1920–1940). The objective of this paper is to determine the place and the role of the Latvian-French cultural relations in the development of the Latvian culture before World War II. For this purpose, archive materials, memoirs, reference materials and available studies were used. For the main part of the research, the retrospective and historico-genetic methods were mostly used. The descriptive method was mainly used for sorting the material before the main analysis. The analysis of the material revealed that the first contacts of the Latvians with French culture were recorded in the second half of the 19th century via fine arts and French literature translated into Latvian. By the end of the century, these relations became more intense, only to decrease again a little in the beginning of the 20th century, especially in the field of translations of the French belles-lettres. The events of 1905 strengthened Latvian political emigration to France. The emigrants became acquainted with French culture directly, and part of them added French culture to their previous knowledge. The outcome of World War I and the revolution in Russia then shaped the ground for the formation of the Latvian state. This dramatically changed the nature and the intensity of the Latvian-French cultural relations. To the early trends in the cooperation, the sphere of education was added, with French schools in Latvia and Latvian students in France. In the sphere of culture, relations in theater, music and arts were established. It should be noted that also an official introduction of the French into Latvian art began at that time. As a matter of fact, such an introduction had already been started by Karlis Huns, Voldemars Matvejs, and Vilhelms Purvitis, who successfully participated in the Paris art exhibitions before the formation of the Latvian state. In the period of the Latvian state, artists would arrange their personal exhibitions in France, and general shows supported by the state would be arranged. The most notable of them were the following: - In 1928, the Latvian Ministry of Education supported the participation of all Latvian artists’ unions in the exhibition dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the state. General shows were organized in Warsaw, Budapest, Copenhagen, Paris, London, etc. (Jaunākās Ziņas, 1928: Nr. 262, 266); - in the summer of 1935, an exhibition of folk art from the Baltic states, including textiles, clothes, paintings, sculptures, and ceramics was opened in Paris; - the largest exhibition of Latvian artists in Paris took place from January 27 to February 28, 1939, with presidents of both states being in charge of its organization. It can be concluded that the Latvian-French cultural relations were an important factor in the development of Latvian culture, especially in the spheres of fine arts and literature until the Soviet occupation.

B'nai B'rith on the European continent after World War Two

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-126
Author(s):  
Hans Levy
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Jewish Organization ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
European Continent ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Second World

The focus of this paper is on the oldest international Jewish organization founded in 1843, B’nai B’rith. The paper presents a chronicle of B’nai B’rith in Continental Europe after the Second World War and the history of the organization in Scandinavia. In the 1970's the Order of B'nai B'rith became B'nai B'rith international. B'nai B'rith worked for Jewish unity and was supportive of the state of Israel.

THE PEDIATRICIAN AND THE PUBLIC

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-487
Author(s):  
John A. Askin ◽  
Kurt Glaser
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Short Period ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Made In

IN SPITE of a short period of sovereignty— less than 7 years—the State of Israel is playing an important role in matters pertaining not only to the Middle East but, in some respects, in matters of importance to the whole world. In medicine the advances in Israel have been no less striking than the progress made in other fields. It is felt that the pediatricians of our country might be interested to learn about Israel's medical status, particularly pertaining to pediatrics. Palestine, of which the present Israel is a part, was in Old Testament times known as Canaan or Philistia because of the tribes which lived there. Palestine was the home of the Jewish people from the time Joshua conquered the land, about 1400 B.C., until the Romans destroyed the Jewish State in the year 70 A.D. Around 630 A.D. the country came under Moslem power. From 1516 to the end of World War I Palestine was a part of the Turkish Empire. In 1917, the British Government issued the famous Balfour Declaration which promised the Jews of the world that they could build a national homeland in Palestine. The League of Nations made the land a British mandate in 1920. From then until World War II Palestine was at several occasions plunged into violent civil war between the Jews and the Arabs. After World War II in 1947 Great Britain announced a decision to give up the Mandate.

scholarly journals Los espacios turísticos: producción, experiencias e imaginarios. El caso de la Araucanía andino-lacustre chilena, 1900-1940

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-246
Author(s):  
Pablo Martínez Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Material Production ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Tourist Experience ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century

Los procesos de producción de espacios turísticos se expresan en sendas espacio-temporales, asociadas a una producción material, como las infraestructuras, equipamiento y conectividad, pero también en una producción inmaterial, basada en la difusión de imaginarios territoriales vinculados a la experiencia turística. Se busca analizar dicho proceso, en la Araucanía andino-lacustre chilena, entre 1900-1940, a partir de los relatos de los primeros viajeros con motivaciones turísticas a finales del siglo XIX y el rol de Estado como actor promotor de la turistificación del territorio en el sur de Chile. The processes of production of tourist spaces are expressed in space-time paths, associated with a material production, such as infrastructures, equipment and connectivity, but also in an immaterial production, based on the diffusion of territorial imaginaries linked to the tourist experience. It is sought to analyze this process, in the Chilean Andean-lacustrine Araucanía, between 1900-1940, based on the account of the first travelers with tourist motivations at the end of the 19th century and the role of the State as a promoter of the touristification of the territory in the South of Chile.

Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832-90) and the Creation of a Muslim Cosmopolitanism in the 19th century

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Spatial Connectivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temporal Moment ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe essay highlights the role of one individual, Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832-90), in writing the cultural and intellectual history of imperialisms. It brings his biography, journeys and intellectual forays together to show how he used the temporal moment of the mid 19th century ‘age of revolts’, and the spatial connectivity offered by British and Ottoman imperialisms and re-configured them to his own particular interests. Locating Siddiq Hasan in the connected histories of the British and Ottoman Empires, it views his in-house cosmopolitanism as a form of public conduct that was shaped by Islamic learning that cultivated urbane civility as Muslim universalist virtuous conduct. This was a form of cosmopolitanism enabled by imperial networks, informed by pre-colonial webs of interaction between India and West Asia, and deeply rooted in the scriptures.

Humanitarianism, Development, and Security in the 21st Century: Lessons from the Syrian Refugee Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nell Gabiam
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Western World ◽  
World War ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Syrian Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The 19Th Century

The term humanitarianism finds its roots in 19th-century Europe and is generally defined as the “impartial, neutral, and independent provision of relief to victims of conflict and natural disasters.” Behind this definition lies a dynamic history. According to political scientists Michael Barnett and Thomas G. Weiss, this history can be divided into three phases. From the 19th century to World War II, humanitarianism was a reaction to the perceived breakdown of society and the emergence of moral ills caused by rapid industrialization within Europe. The era between World War II and the 1990s saw the emergence of many of today's nongovernmental and intergovernmental organizations. These organizations sought to address the suffering caused by World War I and World War II, but also turned their gaze toward the non-Western world, which was in the process of decolonization. The third phase began in the 1990s, after the end of the Cold War, and witnessed an expansion of humanitarianism. One characteristic of this expansion is the increasing prominence of states, regional organizations, and the United Nations in the field of humanitarian action. Their increased prominence has been paralleled by a growing linkage between humanitarian concerns and the issue of state, regional, and global security. Is it possible that, in the 21st century, humanitarianism is entering a new (fourth) phase? And, if so, what role have events in the Middle East played in ushering it in? I seek to answer these questions by focusing on regional consultations that took place between June 2014 and July 2015 in preparation for the first ever World Humanitarian Summit (WHS), scheduled to take place in Istanbul in May 2016.

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