scholarly journals Host spectrum, reproduction, and survival of Neochetina eichhorniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) - A potential natural enemy for controlling water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Dat T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Neochetina Eichhorniae

Neochetina eichhorniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a natural enemy of water hyacinth and its morphology as well as biology has been investigated previously. In this study, the host range of N. eichohorniae was examined using the following 7 groups of plants: Pontederiaceae (water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes; hastate-leaf pondweed, Monochoria hastata); food crops (rice, Oryza sativa; maize, Zea mays; sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas and cassava, Manihot esculenta); vegetables (cucumber, Cucumis sativus; mustard greens, Brassica juncea; turnip, Raphanus sativus; water spinach, Ipomoea aquatica; pepper elder, Peperomia pellucida; cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata); herbaceous (boat lily, Tradescantia discolor, gotu kola, Centella asiatica, purple-heart, Tradescantia pallida); fruits (mango, Mangifera indica; longan, Dimocarpus longan; rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum); water plants (sacred lotus, Nelumbo nucifera; red water lily, Nymphaea rubra, yellow bur-head, Limnocharis flava) and industrial plants (sugarcane, Saccharum ssp.; peanut, Arachis hypogaea). The N. eichohorniae was found to be the only survivor that developed and completed its life cycle on water hyacinth. The N. eichohorniae caused only minimal damage to hastate-leaved pondweed and its life cycle was not completed on this weed. When fed with water hyacinth, N. eichohorniae female produced 358.9 eggs on average and the egg-laying period was 16 weeks. Forty three percent of eggs were laid from the 5th to the 8th weeks after females emerged from cocoons. The hatchability of N. eichohorniae eggs was 75.2% and 66.8% of the larvae could survive and became pupae. Approximately 79.1% of the pupae emerged as adults. Among the adults, the female ratio was 48.7%. These results indicated that N. eichohorniae could be considered as a natural enemy to be used for biological control of water hyacinth.

Association Between Early-Stage Juveniles of Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys, Loricariidae) and Floating Hydrophytes: Behaviour Supports Species Dispersal?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Trung Tran ◽  
Vinh Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Tuan Anh Hoang ◽  
Thanh Nam Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Ipomoea Aquatic ◽  
Bottom Sampling ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Abstract The vertical distribution of early-stage juvenile sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys, Loricariidae), an invasive species, were investigated in littoral habitats and the center of channel with floating hydrophytes from the Red River system in Vietnam. Sailfin catfish were sampled from the upper water column with associated floating hydrophytes of the invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and native water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic) and the bottom using hand nets (2-mm mesh sizes). Significantly higher numbers of early-stage juveniles were associated with floating hydrophytes compared to bottom sampling. The association between early stages of sailfin catfishes and floating hydrophytes, especially the free-floating invasive water hyacinth, supports the potential mechanism in the dispersal of an invasive fish.

scholarly journals Bionomics of the African Apefly (Spalgis lemolea) as A Potential Natural Enemy of the Papaya Mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3155
Author(s):  
Sayuni P. Nasari ◽  
Anna C. Treydte ◽  
Patrick A. Ndakidemi ◽  
Ernest R. Mbega
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Development Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Blotter Paper

The African apefly (Spalgis lemolea Druce) is a potential natural enemy of the papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink). We studied the life history of apeflies in the laboratory at a temperature of 25–27 °C and a relative humidity of 55%–65% under a 12 h photoperiod condition. The papaya mealybugs and apefly larvae were collected from papaya plants in Tengeru, Arusha, Tanzania. The papaya mealybugs were introduced and allowed to multiply on potted sprouting potato plants in screened cages. In order to study the life cycle and predation of apeflies, an apefly egg was placed on an open screen-covered petri dish containing a moist blotter paper and observed for larva emergence. After the apefly larva emergence, a mixture of mealybug eggs (up to 1500), nymphs (200–250) and adults (100–150) was introduced in the petri dish each day and the consumption rate by the apefly larvae was quantified until the larvae reached pupal stage. Then, the apefly adults were collected and put into cages 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm containing cotton wool soaked in water, for observation of pre-mating, mating, egg-laying and life span. Results indicate that the apefly completed its life cycle in 23 days. The mean development period of the eggs was four days and the development period for the larva, pre-pupa, and pupa was nine, one and ten days respectively. The adult apefly emerged after 9 days of the pupa stage with mean body lengths of 10.1 ± 0.4 mm and 11.0 ± 0.8 mm for the males and females, respectively. The female laid an average of 68 eggs in groups of two to seven at different sites after 4–5 days of emergence. In this study one apefly larva was capable of consuming about 1983 ± 117, 123 ± 6 and 80 ± 9 papaya mealybug eggs, nymphs and adults respectively during larval stage. These results reveal the predatory potential of the apefly in suppressing the population of papaya mealybugs under field conditions.

Changes in leaf hardness and moisture content of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, following feeding by Neochetina eichhorniae Warner (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Wright ◽  
N. P. Boland ◽  
J. D. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Neochetina Eichhorniae ◽  
Relative Abundances

AbstractFeeding by adults of Neochetina eichhorniae Warner on water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, significantly increased the hardness of the lamina of the youngest leaf and the petioles of the youngest three leaves, while the moisture content of the petioles and laminae was significantly reduced. However, variations in leaf hardness did not significantly affect feeding by the weevils, and leaf age was considered to have a greater effect. The results help explain field observations of the relative abundances of N. eichhorniae and the pyralid Sameodes albiguttalis (Warren), which also attacks water hyacinth.

Impact of release of Neochetina spp. on growth and density of water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
K. Sivaraman ◽  
A. G. Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Neochetina Eichhorniae ◽  
One Year ◽  
Observation Period

Water hyacinth (<em>Eichhornia crassipes</em>) is an invasive aquatic macrophyte which creates several problems in irrigation system of rivers. To control their rapid distribution in water bodies the biological control method was carried by employing weevils <em>Neochetina bruchi</em> and <em>Neochetina eichhorniae</em> on river based field trial. The study demonstrates effectiveness of biocontrol weevil open field release on experimental site (Chittar river). When compared to first release in field, the weevil intensity was increased in numbers. Active scraping was observed in the leaves and decay spots were seen in the stems of weed. Both <em>N. bruchi</em> and <em>N. eichhorniae</em> (250 No) were introduced biyearly at experimental site for one year. During these two years of observation period, stunted growth and reduced population were observed in the study site. The study highlights importance of <em>Neochetina</em> spp. on the management of <em>E. crassipes.</em>

Study of The Pharmacological Activity and Heavy Metal Content of Eichhornia Crassipes Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Jimmy ◽  
Diah Indriani Widiputri ◽  
Paulus Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Negative Impacts

Eichhornia crassipes is well-known as water hyacinth. Water hyacinth grows rapidly in the nutrient-rich water and high light intensity places. The uncontrollable growth of water hyacinth has caused many negative impacts to the environment. For instance, interrupted water transport and decreased population of aquatic lives. The capacity of utilising water hyacinth is slower than water hyacinth growth and water hyacinth is still considered as a threat to theecosystem. This work was focused on the study of the pharmacological activity and heavy metal content of water hyacinth in Lake Cipondoh, Tangerang. Fresh water hyacinth was pre-treated through oven-drying and milling process. After that, each part of the plant was macerated by using multiple extraction method with 96% ethanol/water and three variations of sample-to-solvent ratios (1:30, 1:50, and 1:75 w/v). The result of the experiment showed thatwater hyacinth leaves produced an extract with lowest IC 50 (55.76 ± 6.73 ppm) compared toother parts. The most optimum solvent used to achieve this result was 96% ethanol/water (1:1 v/v). In order to obtain the lowest antioxidant activity, the sample to solvent ratio used was 1:50 and the heavy metal in the extract was very low. With this result, it was concluded that there is a promising opportunity to apply the water hyacinth growing in Lake Cipondoh, Tangerang as herbal medicine ingredient. Through this utilization, the overall number of water hyacinth in Indonesia can be reduced or at the least be controlled, so that the environmental problem caused by this plant can be minimized.

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