scholarly journals Durum wheat roots adapt to salinity remodelling the cellular content of nitrogen metabolites and sucrose

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Annunziata ◽  
◽  
Loredana F. Ciarmiello ◽  
Pasqualina Woodrow ◽  
Eugenia Maximova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Cellular Content

scholarly journals Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Annunziata ◽  
Loredana F. Ciarmiello ◽  
Pasqualina Woodrow ◽  
Eugenia Maximova ◽  
Amodio Fuggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Cellular Content

scholarly journals The occurrence of fungi on roots and stem bases of common wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare L.) and durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown under two levels of chemical protection

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Irena Kiecana ◽  
Leszek Rachoń ◽  
Elżbieta Mielniczuk ◽  
Grzegorz Szumiło
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf ◽  
The University

Investigations were carried out in 2007-2009 on the plots of the Felin Experimental Station belonging to the University of Life Science in Lublin. The studies comprised two cultivation lines of durum wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i> L.): STH 716 and STH 717, as well as the 'Tonacja' cultivar of common wheat (<i>T. aestivum</i> ssp. <i>vulgare</i> L.). Two levels of chemical protection were applied in the cultivation: minimal and complex protection. Infection of wheat roots and stem bases was recorded in each growing season at hard dough stage (87 in Tottman's scale, 1987). After three years of study, the mean disease indexes for the analyzed wheat genotypes in the experimental treatment with minimal protection were 31.13, 30.43 and 38.83 for, respectively, the 'Tonacja' cultivar and the cultivation lines of <i>T. durum</i> STH 716 and STH 717. In the experimental combination with complex protection, after three years of study the disease indexes ranged from 25.26 (<i>T. durum</i> STH 716) to 30.83 (<i>T. durum</i> STH 717). The results of mycological analysis of diseased plants showed that <i>Fusarium</i> spp., especially <i>F. culmorum</i>, <i>F. avenaceum</i> as well as <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, caused root rot and necrosis of wheat stem bases. The analyzed chemical protection levels did not significantly influence grain yield of the investigated genotypes of <i>T. aestivum</i> and <i>T. durum</i>.

scholarly journals Durum Wheat Stress Tolerance Induced by Endophyte Pantoea agglomerans with Genes Contributing to Plant Functions and Secondary Metabolite Arsenal

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Cherif-Silini ◽  
Bathini Thissera ◽  
Ali Chenari Bouket ◽  
Nora Saadaoui ◽  
Allaoua Silini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Pantoea Agglomerans ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

In the arid region Bou-Saâda at the South of Algeria, durum wheat Triticum durum L. cv Waha production is severely threatened by abiotic stresses, mainly drought and salinity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) hold promising prospects towards sustainable and environmentally-friendly agriculture. Using habitat-adapted symbiosis strategy, the PGPR Pantoea agglomerans strain Pa was recovered from wheat roots sampled in Bou-Saâda, conferred alleviation of salt stress in durum wheat plants and allowed considerable growth in this unhostile environment. Strain Pa showed growth up to 35 °C temperature, 5–10 pH range, and up to 30% polyethylene glycol (PEG), as well as 1 M salt concentration tolerance. Pa strain displayed pertinent plant growth promotion (PGP) features (direct and indirect) such as hormone auxin biosynthesis, production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, and ammonia and phosphate solubilization. PGPR features were stable over wide salt concentrations (0–400 mM). Pa strain was also able to survive in seeds, in the non-sterile and sterile wheat rhizosphere, and was shown to have an endophytic life style. Phylogenomic analysis of strain Pa indicated that Pantoea genus suffers taxonomic imprecision which blurs species delimitation and may have impacted their practical use as biofertilizers. When applied to plants, strain Pa promoted considerable growth of wheat seedlings, high chlorophyll content, lower accumulation of proline, and favored K+ accumulation in the inoculated plants when compared to Na+ in control non-inoculated plants. Metabolomic profiling of strain Pa under one strain many compounds (OSMAC) conditions revealed a wide diversity of secondary metabolites (SM) with interesting salt stress alleviation and PGP activities. All these findings strongly promote the implementation of Pantoea agglomerans strain Pa as an efficient biofertilizer in wheat plants culture in arid and salinity-impacted regions.

Heat stress affects XET activity in durum wheat roots: Biotechnological implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. S112-S113
Author(s):  
Andrea Iurlaro ◽  
Monica De Caroli ◽  
Michela Tunno ◽  
Pier Paolo Marrese ◽  
Mariarosaria De Pascalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Roots

Cadmium accumulation by durum wheat roots in ligand-buffered hydroponic culture: uptake of Cd–ligand complexes or enhanced diffusion?

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Berkelaar ◽  
B A Hale
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Diffusion Limitation ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Enhanced Diffusion ◽  
Free Ion

The objectives of this study were to test the free ion model of Cd phytoavailability in solutions where the dissolved free ion was buffered by SO4 or EDTA and to examine if Cd2+ diffusion to roots might be limiting to its accumulation in roots. At similar Cd2+ activities, solutions that contained EDTA or a higher nominal SO4 concentration (with SO4 supplied as K2SO4, and more total Cd) resulted in greater accumulation of Cd by roots than predicted by the Cd2+ activity. These solutions were predicted using MINEQL+ (chemical speciation software) to contain greater concentrations of Cd complexes (CdEDTA2– or CdSO04 (aq)) in solution; when SO4 was supplied by MgSO4, the increase in Mg2+ suppressed enhanced accumulation of Cd. Estimates of diffusion of Cd to the roots through the boundary layer and flux of Cd across the root surface, for this study, were similar in magnitude across the range of solution Cd concentrations studied, particularly when Cd uptake was assumed to occur at the root tips only. We conclude that CdEDTA2– and CdSO04 (aq) could have alleviated this diffusion limitation by buffering Cd2+ at the root surface and (or) been taken up directly as a complex.Key words: bioavailability, cadmium, EDTA, SO4, durum wheat, speciation.

scholarly journals Impacts of previous crops on inoculum of Fusarium culmorum in soil, and development of foot and root rot of durum wheat in Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
Eya KHEMIR ◽  
Samira CHEKALI ◽  
Antonio MORETTI ◽  
Mohamed Salah GHARBI ◽  
Mohamed Bechir ALLAGUI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Kernel Weights

Fusarium foot and root rot (FFRR) of cereals, caused by Fusarium culmorum and other Fusarium spp., is one of the most important soil- and residue-borne diseases in Tunisia. Management of the disease relies primarily on cultural practices such as crop rotation. Impacts of previous crops on the population of F. culmorum in the soil, and the incidence and severity of FFRR in durum wheat, were evaluated under Tunisian farming systems. A field trial showed that break crops of faba bean and fenugreek reduced the amount of F. culmorum DNA in soil, by 58% (faba bean) and 65% (fenugreek), and decreased numbers of F. culmorum propagules per g of soil by 83% (faba bean) and 85% (fenugreek). Farm demonstration trials also showed that faba bean and vetch used as previous crops reduced F. culmorum inoculum in the soil. Non-cereal crops also reduced the incidence of F. culmorum present in durum wheat roots and stem bases. The greatest grain yields and thousand kernel weights were recorded when faba bean and vetch were used as previous crops, but were less where durum wheat was previously grown. There were strong correlations between inoculum level of F. culmorum in the soil and incidence of FFRR in the following year. Results obtained in the field trial were supported by those collected from three demonstration farm trials during two cropping seasons. This study demonstrated for the first time in Tunisia and the Mediterranean region that break crops are effective for reducing F. culmorum inoculum in the soil and decreasing the pathogen in wheat roots and stem bases. Inoculum levels in soil can predict the expression of the disease in the following year in Tunisian farming conditions. These results are likely to be useful for developing and implementing guidelines for the management of FFRR of durum wheat.

scholarly journals Combined Effect of Cadmium and Lead on Durum Wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Aprile ◽  
Erika Sabella ◽  
Enrico Francia ◽  
Justyna Milc ◽  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Metal Transporters ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are two toxic heavy metals (HMs) whose presence in soil is generally low. However, industrial and agricultural activities in recent years have significantly raised their levels, causing progressive accumulations in plant edible tissues, and stimulating research in this field. Studies on toxic metals are commonly focused on a single metal, but toxic metals occur simultaneously. The understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between HMs during uptake is important to design agronomic or genetic strategies to limit contamination of crops. To study the single and combined effect of Cd and Pb on durum wheat, a hydroponic experiment was established to examine the accumulation of the two HMs. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms activated in the roots were investigated paying attention to transcription factors (bHLH family), heavy metal transporters and genes involved in the biosynthesis of metal chelators (nicotianamine and mugineic acid). Cd and Pb are accumulated following different molecular strategies by durum wheat plants, even if the two metals interact with each other influencing their respective uptake and translocation. Finally, we demonstrated that some genes (bHLH 29, YSL2, ZIF1, ZIFL1, ZIFL2, NAS2 and NAAT) were induced in the durum wheat roots only in response to Cd.

scholarly journals Activation of a gene network in durum wheat roots exposed to cadmium

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Aprile ◽  
Erika Sabella ◽  
Marzia Vergine ◽  
Alessandra Genga ◽  
Maria Siciliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Wheat Roots
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