scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BASIC TILLAGE TECHNIQUES ON WEED INFESTATION OF A LINK OF CROP ROTATION CROWN FLAX –WINTER WHEAT –FOXTAIL MILLET IN STUBBLE –FIELD PEA

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
V.S. Polous ◽  
◽  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
A.I. Beliy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Weed Infestation

Currently, in practical agriculture, the role of resource-saving technologies for direct sowing of field crops in-creases; they produce positive results under the correct system of weed control only. To solve this problem, the research in various regions is required. Taking this into account, in the central zone of the Krasnodar Region from 2013 through 2018, we studied the effect of plowing (22-24 cm), surface tillage (6-8 cm) and zero tillage (direct seeding) on weeds after harvesting in the crops of crown flax, winter wheat, foxtail millet in stubble, and field pea. It was found that decreased tillage depth increased the ger-mination of annual weeds in the summer and autumn 1.7-2.9 times higher than after plowing (117 pcs per m2); and before herbicide application on growing crops 1.5-1.9 times higher than in the control (183 pcs m2). The applica-tion of the recommended preparations reduced the weed infestation by harvesting to 5.0-28.0 pcs m2. The applica-tion of fertilizers and chemicals ensured the effectiveness of the trial crops. Under zero tillage, the contingent net income of a crop rotation link made 58.6 thousand rubles ha; the crop yields were as following: crown flax -1.70 t ha, winter wheat -6.05 t ha, foxtail millet in stubble-0.50 t ha, field pea -3.62 t ha, although the yields turned out to be lower by 8%, 7%, 0%, 4%, respectively, than after plowing.

scholarly journals The effect of No-till technology on the mineral nitrogen content in the Lower Don Chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Anna Medvedeva ◽  
Olga Buryukova ◽  
Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽  
Tatyana Minkina ◽  
Roman Kamenev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a five-year study of the impact of various agricultural technologies (No-till, minimum and traditional using moldboard ploughing) on the content of mineral nitrogen in Haplic Chernozem in southern zone of Rostov Region. It has been revealed that the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the winter wheat areas cultivated by various agricultural technologies does not significantly change in samples collected both in spring and in summer. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen under resource-saving technologies (both minimum and Notill) has been higher than under ploughing throughout the whole period of study. The trend identified has not been mathematically confirmed. Nevertheless, the impact of No-till technology on the intensity of ammonification and nitrification should not be unequivocally denied, since a significant amount of mineral nitrogen is extracted by crops, and their crop yields under minimum and zero tillage was higher, than when ploughing was applied.

scholarly journals THE EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATING CROWN FLAX, WINTER WHEAT, FOXTAIL MILLETIN STUBBLE FIELD, AND FIELD PEA UNDER ADAPTIVE SYSTEM OF BASIC TILLAGE OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
V.S. Polous ◽  
◽  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
No Till

The development of resource-saving tillage and direct seeding technologies (no-till) of field crops end up making a profit when it is based on the results of research and practice but this is not the case in all regions. Taking this into account, in the central zone of the Krasnodar Region in the permanent crop rotation from 2013 through 2018, we studied the integrated effect of plowing (22-24 cm -the control), surface tillage (6-8 cm) and zero tillage (herbicide treatment) and the crop in the rotation on the economic efficiency of production and elements of soil fertility. The average annual air temperature in the area is +12.1°C; the precipitation amount is 614 mm. The soil is represented by ordinary chernozem; humus amount in the arable layer makes 3.8%; P2O5-22-28 mg kg of soil; K2O -350-380 mg kg of soil (according to B.P. Machigin). The accounting area of the plots amounted to 5000 m2; fourfold plot replica-tion; threefold temporal replication. The crops were sown with the Rapid600 seeder with fertilizer application. Pesti-cides and growth promoters were used. The crops were harvested with a Claas Tucano combine harvester. It was found that the tillage variants affected the yields of crown flax, winter wheat,foxtail millet in stubble field, and field pea; and also changed the production costs and the condi-tional net income for crops and the course of the crop rota-tion. Under direct seeding technology, the conditional net income for the course of the crop rotation made 58.6 thou-sand rubles per ha; fuel consumption -127 kg ha and labor costs -16.98 man-hours per ha which was by 5%, 43% and 11%, respectively, less than those in the control. Sur-face tillage also had an advantage in terms of these indica-tors. Moldboard plowing reduced the intensity of organic matter accumulation 1.5-1.2 times as compared to direct seeding (no-till) and surface tillage. The cultivation of 4 crops in a course of the crop rotation for 3 agricultural years stabilizes economic indicators and soil fertility. The developed technologies for crop optimization in a rotation (the crops in constant demand by the market); adaptive methods of basic tillage; preservation of soil fertility may be used by land users with similar soil and climatic conditions.

Tillage intensity and crop rotation affect weed community dynamics in a winter wheat cropping system

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
F. J. Larney ◽  
C. W. Lindwall ◽  
P. R. Watson ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Long Term Study

Development of improved weed manage ment systems requires more knowledge on how various weed species respond to changing agronomic practices. A long-term study was conducted to determine weed population responses to various tillage intensities and crop rotations in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) dominated cropping system. Weed density and species composition differed with tillage, rotation, year, and date of sampling within years. Weed community dynamics were most affected by year-to-year differences in environmental conditions, followed by crop rotation, and then tillage intensity. Russian thistle (Salsola iberica Sennen & Pau) and kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] densities increased in years of low rainfall and above average temperatures. Winter annual weeds such as downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) and flixweed [Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl], as well as the perennial weed dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers), increased in years where higher than average rainfall was received in fall or early spring. Continuous winter wheat facilitated a dense downy brome infestation to develop over time. Trifluralin is not efficacious on stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) or Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] and its use in canola resulted in an increase in these species in a winter wheat-canola rotation. Total weed densities were often greater in zero tillage than in either minimum or conventional tillage. Russian thistle, downy brome, kochia, and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) were associated with zero tillage while wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), flixweed, and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) were associated with conventional tillage. Perennials such as dandelion and perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) were associated with zero tillage but Canada thistle was associated with conventional tillage. Information will be utilized to implement more effective weed management programs in winter wheat production systems. Key words: Conservation tillage, fallow, multivariate analyses, weed populations, weed shifts, zero tillage

THE INFLUENCE OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF THE MAIN PROCESSING OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM ON THE HUMIDITY, DENSITY OF SOIL COMPOSITION AND YIELD OF OILSEED FLAX IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
◽  
V.S. Polous ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Complex Influence

The aim of the research was to study the complex influence of methods and techniques of the main processing of ordinary chernozem, its agrophysical indicators on the yield of oilseed flax. It was found that surface (6-8 cm) and zero tillage did not significantly affect the dynamics of soil moisture in comparison with plowing at 22-24 cm (control). In the spring of productive moisture in the layer of 0-100 cm accumulated 151,5-150-152, mm, respectively. During the growing sea-son of the crop, its number decreased to 60 mm. The density of soil addition on plots without me-chanical treatment before sowing oilseed flax in a layer of 0-10 cm was 1.03 g / cm3, which was 0.01 g/cm3 higher than the variant with surface treatment and 0.04 g/cm3 higher than the control. In the horizon of 20-30 cm, the indicators increased to 1.15 g / cm3 for plowing and 1.23 g/cm3 for zero processing. Before harvesting flax in this horizon, the density of the soil composition cor-responded to the values of 1.27-1.30 g / cm3 and did not significantly exceed the optimal values. Optimal agrophysical values of the soil, as well as the use of fertilizers, pesticides and growth stimulators, provided an average yield of oilseed flax in 2014-2016: 1.75 t/ha at surface and 1.70 t/ha at zero tillage. In relation to the control, this was less by 3% and 6%, respectively. For ener-gy-saving treatments, the conditional net income was 18.3 thousand rubles/ha, and the profitabil-ity was 70%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of yield quality and weed infestation of common valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) in dependence on weed control method and forecrop.

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Positive Effect

A field experiment involving the cultivation of common valerian was conducted on loess soil in Abramów (Lublin region) in the period 2007-2009. Qualitative parameters of herbal raw material obtained from this plant as well as in-crop weed infestation were evaluated depending on the protection method and forecrop. Hand-weeded plots, in which a hand hoe was used, were the control. In the other treatments, weeds were controlled using various herbicides and a mechanical implement (brush weeder). Potato and winter wheat + field pea cover crop were the forecrops for common valerian crops. A hypothesis was made that the use of a brush weeder and herbicides not registered for application in valerian crops would have a positive effect on this plant's productivity and weed infestation in its crops. It was also assumed that the introduction of a cover crop would allow the elimination of differences in the forecrop value of the crop stands in question. The best quantitative and qualitative parameters of common valerian raw material as well as the largest reduction of incrop weed infestation were recorded after the application of the herbicides which were not type approved. The use of the brush weeder in the interrows also had a beneficial effect on productivity of the plant in question, but secondary weed infestation at the end of the growing season of common valerian turned out to be its disadvantage. Traditional crop protection methods used in common valerian crops were less effective in weed infestation reduction and they resulted in lower plant productivity and raw material quality. Potato proved to be a better forecrop for common valerian than winter wheat + field pea; however, this positive effect was not confirmed statistically. The following annual weeds: <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Stellaria media</i>, were predominant in the common valerian crop. Traditional weed control methods resulted in the dominance of some dicotyledonous weeds, such as <i>Viola arvensis</i>, <i>Galium aparine</i>, <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i>.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of winter wheat cultivation in adaptive crop rotation on chernozem typical

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Ivan Prushchik ◽  
Svetlana Khlupina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Wheat Cultivation

The paper presents the results of research to assess the efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation in adaptive crop rotations on typical chernozem. The crop yield have analyzed for three different crop rotations (grain-fallow, grain-grass-row, and grain-grass) in comparison with a monoculture on a stationary multifactorial field experiment on physical modeling of the farming system of the FSBSI “Kursk FARC” (Kursk region, Medvensky district). It was determined that the maximum yield was obtained in grain-and-row crop rotation; on average, over three years of research, the increase in it was 1.71 t/ha. Statistical data processing has carried out and correlations between the weather conditions of the year and the yield of winter wheat has revealed. Thus, a moderate direct relationship (r = 0.65) was established with atmospheric precipitation, and a moderate inverse relationship with the sum of effective temperatures (r = 0.58). Indicators of economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation have calculated, both for monoculture and for three types of crop rotations. The lowest cost of winter wheat grain – 5926.94 t/ha – was recorded in grain-fallow crop rotation, which provided the highest net income of 12056.26 and the highest profitability among all options – 68.72%.

THE INFLUENCE OF PRECURSORS IN CROP ROTATION ON CROP YIELDS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Volkova ◽  
◽  
E. E. Sivak ◽  
V. V. Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Weed Infestation

The article found that different precursors in crop rotation have an unequal effect on soil fertility, its weed infestation, infection with pathogens and plant pests.

scholarly journals Enhancing of Winter Wheat Productivity by the Introduction of Field Pea into Crop Rotation

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Mária Babulicová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Substantial Degree

Abstract The aim of our study was to find out the influence of different preceding crops and weather in particular years on the production ability of winter wheat in crop rotation with 80% share of cereals. The long-term field trial with 40, 60 and 80% share of cereals and two levels of fertilisation (H1 mineral fertilisation + organic manure Veget®; H2 mineral fertilisation only) was carried out in the very warm and dry area of continental climate on Luvi-Haplic Chernozem. In crop rotation with 80% share of cereals, winter wheat was sown after two preceding crops: pea and winter barley. In the years 2013–2015, the weight of 1,000 grains, bulk density, share of grains over 2.8 + 2.5 mm sieve, grain yield and straw yield were investigated. In crop rotation with 80% share of cereals, the significantly higher grain yield of winter wheat was recorded after preceding crop of field pea (6.18 t/ha) by comparison with winter barley as preceding crop (5.19 t/ha). The statistically significantly higher straw yield of winter wheat was observed after field pea (8.38 t/ha)in comparison to winter barley (7.29 t/ha). The weight of 1,000 grains, bulk density, share of grains over 2.8 + 2.5 mm sieve were statistically significantly higher after field pea in comparison to winter barley. The winter wheat grain yield can be increased by the preceding crop pea and the combination of mineral and organic fertilisation in substantial degree.

Winter wheat and spring barley productivities on sod-podzolic soil under conventional and resource-saving tillage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
С. Железова ◽  
А. Мельников ◽  
А. Беленков
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Positive Effect

Проведено сравнение урожайности озимой пшеницы и ярового ячменя при многолетнем возделывании по технологиям традиционной и ресурсосберегающей обработки в четырёхпольном зернопропашном севообороте на дерновоподзолистой почве. Предшественником в севообороте для пшеницы была викоовсяная смесь, для ячменя картофель. Традиционная обработка как под пшеницу, так и под ячмень включала дискование стерни после предшественника, отвальную вспашку на 22 24 см и предпосевную культивацию. Альтернативными методами обработки почвы являлись: под ячмень минимальная обработка дисковым культиватором на 12 14 см, под пшеницу нулевая обработка, прямой посев с предварительной обработкой поля гербицидом на основе д.в. глифосата. Пшеницу удобряли по схеме: N32P32K32 перед посевом и две подкормки N70 в течение вегетации. За 11 лет исследований средняя урожайность озимой пшеницы на фоне интенсивного применения удобрений в варианте традиционной обработки 5,00 т/га, в варианте нулевой обработки 4,84 т/га (при НСР05 0,56 т/га). За тот же период урожайность ячменя на фоне N40P40K40 составила в варианте традиционной обработки 3,83 т/га, при минимальной 3,91 т/га (при НСР05 0,19). В отдельные годы урожайность озимой пшеницы и ячменя была существенно выше в варианте традиционной вспашки по сравнению с ресурсосберегающей обработкой, в другие годы наоборот, но постоянной тенденции преимущества одной из двух изучаемых технологий выявлено не было. Таким образом, способы обработки почвы традиционная вспашка и ресурсосберегающая обработка, минимальная или нулевая не оказывают постоянного, воспроизводимого из года в год положительного или отрицательного воздействия на урожайность зерновых. За 11летний период наблюдений было выявлено, что на фоне применения рекомендованных доз минеральных удобрений урожайность зерновых в большей степени зависела от метеоусловий вегетационного сезона, нежели от способа обработки почвы. The investigation included the competitive trial of winter wheat and spring barley under conventional and resourcesaving cultivation. The crop rotation was performed on sodpodzolic soil for 4 years. Vetchoat mixture preceded wheat while potato barley. Conventional tillage included disk plowing after the forecrops, 22 24 cm moldboard plowing and seedbed preparation. Alternatively, 12 14 cm disk plowing, zero tillage and direct seeding were used under glyphosatebased herbicide application. Wheat grew on the background of N32P32K32 and obtained N70 twice during its growing season. For 11 years wheat productivity averaged to 5.00 t ha1 under conventional cultivation and 4.84 t ha1 under zero tillage (LSD 0.56 t ha1, P 0.05). Barley yielded 3.83 t grain ha1 under conventional cultivation and 3.91 t grain ha1 under minimum tillage (LSD 0.19, P 0.05) on the background of N40P40K40. In some years wheat and barley performed better under conventional cultivation but the data was inconsistent. Therefore, tillage type had no constant positive effect on crop productivity. Crop productivities were mostly affected by weather conditions when applying the recommended fertilizer rates.

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