scholarly journals The effect of No-till technology on the mineral nitrogen content in the Lower Don Chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Anna Medvedeva ◽  
Olga Buryukova ◽  
Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽  
Tatyana Minkina ◽  
Roman Kamenev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a five-year study of the impact of various agricultural technologies (No-till, minimum and traditional using moldboard ploughing) on the content of mineral nitrogen in Haplic Chernozem in southern zone of Rostov Region. It has been revealed that the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the winter wheat areas cultivated by various agricultural technologies does not significantly change in samples collected both in spring and in summer. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen under resource-saving technologies (both minimum and Notill) has been higher than under ploughing throughout the whole period of study. The trend identified has not been mathematically confirmed. Nevertheless, the impact of No-till technology on the intensity of ammonification and nitrification should not be unequivocally denied, since a significant amount of mineral nitrogen is extracted by crops, and their crop yields under minimum and zero tillage was higher, than when ploughing was applied.

scholarly journals Content of heavy metals in Haplic Chernozem under conditions of agrogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Anna Medvedeva ◽  
Olga Buryukova ◽  
Alexey Kucherenko ◽  
Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽  
Victor Chaplygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a long-term study on the content and distribution of heavy metals in Haplic Chernozem of agrocenoses in southern zone of Rostov Region. The impact of various agricultural technologies traditional (using moldboard ploughing) and resource-saving (minimum and No-till) on accumulation and mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu in Haplic Chernozem in winter wheat cultivation is considered. The total content of Pb, Zn, Cu in the winter wheat areas corresponds to the background level and does not exceed permissible concentrations. Low mobility of elements (Pb 2.0-3.0%; Zn and Cu up to 1.0% as a percentage of their total forms) is a regional soil feature. In addition, the low availability of Zn and Cu in soils is due to their removal with the crops in the absence of micronutrient fertilizer replenishment. The significant role of soil organic matter in the accumulation of both total and mobile forms of heavy metals in soil has been confirmed. The intensity of the cultivation methods used has a significant effect on the total content of Zn, Cu and on the mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu in Haplic Chernozem.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BASIC TILLAGE TECHNIQUES ON WEED INFESTATION OF A LINK OF CROP ROTATION CROWN FLAX –WINTER WHEAT –FOXTAIL MILLET IN STUBBLE –FIELD PEA

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
V.S. Polous ◽  
◽  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
A.I. Beliy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Weed Infestation

Currently, in practical agriculture, the role of resource-saving technologies for direct sowing of field crops in-creases; they produce positive results under the correct system of weed control only. To solve this problem, the research in various regions is required. Taking this into account, in the central zone of the Krasnodar Region from 2013 through 2018, we studied the effect of plowing (22-24 cm), surface tillage (6-8 cm) and zero tillage (direct seeding) on weeds after harvesting in the crops of crown flax, winter wheat, foxtail millet in stubble, and field pea. It was found that decreased tillage depth increased the ger-mination of annual weeds in the summer and autumn 1.7-2.9 times higher than after plowing (117 pcs per m2); and before herbicide application on growing crops 1.5-1.9 times higher than in the control (183 pcs m2). The applica-tion of the recommended preparations reduced the weed infestation by harvesting to 5.0-28.0 pcs m2. The applica-tion of fertilizers and chemicals ensured the effectiveness of the trial crops. Under zero tillage, the contingent net income of a crop rotation link made 58.6 thousand rubles ha; the crop yields were as following: crown flax -1.70 t ha, winter wheat -6.05 t ha, foxtail millet in stubble-0.50 t ha, field pea -3.62 t ha, although the yields turned out to be lower by 8%, 7%, 0%, 4%, respectively, than after plowing.

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maidanovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

scholarly journals Influence of direct seeding on the yield of agricultural cultures in the Rostov Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Gregory Vasilyevich Mokrikov ◽  
Tatiana Vladimirovna Minnikova ◽  
Kamil Shagidullovich Kazeev ◽  
Sergey Ilyich Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Direct Sowing

Tillage technologies that promote resource conservation and increase crop yields, especially in conditions of dry climate, are increasingly being introduced into the Russian agriculture. However, taking into account a diversity of soil and climatic conditions in Russia, it is necessary to study the agro-ecological state of agro landscapes. In Russia, in recent years, an increase in the yield of winter wheat and sunflower has been observed. From 2014 to 2018 in production conditions in the Rostov Region, the effect of direct sowing technology (No-Till) on the yield of winter wheat and sunflower was studied. The yield of sunflower and winter wheat largely depended on the amount of precipitation during the critical growing season of each agricultural crop. In 2014-2017 the yield of winter wheat in agrocenoses using direct sowing technology increased by 26-114%, sunflower by 27-92% compared with the traditional technology. The authors show that direct seeding compared to traditional technology of dump plowing (traditional tillage) contributes to saving motor fuel, increasing crop yields and lowering the cost of the main crops of the Rostov Region: winter wheat and sunflower.

No-till - the technology of growing winter wheat as a factor in optimizing the hydrothermal regime of the soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (93) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
A.V. Korniychuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Maximum Daily Temperature ◽  
No Till ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Application No-till - the technology of growing winter wheat reduces the fluctuations in the daily temperatures of thesoil surface by more than half, by almost 70 ° C, reduces the maximum daily temperature, which reduces the soil moisture loss by 1.7 times, compared to traditional technology. In the period of high demand of germinating seeds in the heat, zero tillage retains it better, reducing the pre-emergence period by 30%. With No-till technology, the risk of damage to plants by low temperatures and ice cake during the overwintering period is significantlyreduced.

Methodological approaches to the use of images from uavs to assess the technological stress of crops

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
S. Shvorov ◽  
◽  
N. Pasichnyk ◽  
O. Opryshko ◽  
I. Bolbot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Computer Training ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Prolonged Action ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Distribution Of Stress ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the applied aspects of UAV use, namely the monitoring of winter wheat crops in relation to the stresses caused by technological stresses. First of all, this applies to the prolonged action of herbicides left over from the predecessor crop and which cause stress in new crops. The issue has local specifics related to the inconsistency of plant cultivation technologies and to the insufficient study of the impact of the latest plant protection products in domestic soil conditions. Restoration of crop yields is possible with timely identification of the causes of stress, but decision-making time is limited, which requires the introduction of the latest monitoring technologies suitable for industrial scale. In laboratory studies using phytochambers, the presence of both spectral indicators of healthy and affected plants and the difference in their dimensions were recorded. However, such differences can be explained by other stressors, so it was not possible to establish clear criteria for spectral or spectral-spatial monitoring methods that clearly indicated the stress caused by the after-effects of herbicides. In field studies using the Slantrange complex mounted on a DJI Matrice 600 UAV as an object of study, the distribution of stress areas in the field was analyzed. It was found that, in purely spectral and spectral-spatial monitoring of winter wheat, it was not possible to reliably identify the stressful nature caused by the aftereffects of herbicides, ie ground platforms for spectral sensor equipment are ineffective. It is proved that the maps of stress indices obtained on the basis of high-resolution data from UAVs can be considered as a separate object of research on the interpretation of the causes of stress of complex biotechnical objects such as crops. Improving the reliability and reliability of monitoring data can be achieved by implementing systems of machine data processing and computer training to find correlations between the distribution of stress in plants in the field and the implementation of technological operations, terrain. Key words: UAV, stress, prolonged action of herbicides, Slantrange

scholarly journals The expediency of using a plant protection system using the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, W in the cultivation of winter wheat in the Southern natural and agricultural zone of the Rostov region

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Gennady Urban ◽  
Olga Krotova ◽  
Denis Efimov ◽  
Konstantin Savenkov ◽  
Maria Savenkova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Protection System

The authors analyzed the biological effectiveness of the integrated plant protection system formed when the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh was included in the classical protection scheme adopted in the farms of the Rostov region. The biological effectiveness of the integrated protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, was analyzed, the impact of the studied protection system on the yield, the quality of the grain obtained, the phytosanitary condition of the crop during the growing season on winter wheat crops of the variety Nakhodka with the use of a plant protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh. The fungicide BisolbiSan, containing a culture of rhizospheric bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain H-13, suppresses the germination of spores and mycelium growth of phytopathogenic fungi due to the multilateral action of bacterial metabolites, without causing the formation of resistance in pathogens. It was found that the protection system used practically does not cause a decrease in grain quality — in terms of the average protein and gluten content, the grain at the experimental site even slightly exceeds the grain obtained from the control site by 16.88% and 27.8%. With the cost of winter wheat grain of 1100 rubles/kg, an increase in the yield in the experiment of 3.8 kg/ha in relation to control and the cost of an experimental protection system in the amount of 3,357 rubles/ha, revenue amounted to 823 rubles/ha.

Winter wheat and spring barley productivities on sod-podzolic soil under conventional and resource-saving tillage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
С. Железова ◽  
А. Мельников ◽  
А. Беленков
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Positive Effect

Проведено сравнение урожайности озимой пшеницы и ярового ячменя при многолетнем возделывании по технологиям традиционной и ресурсосберегающей обработки в четырёхпольном зернопропашном севообороте на дерновоподзолистой почве. Предшественником в севообороте для пшеницы была викоовсяная смесь, для ячменя картофель. Традиционная обработка как под пшеницу, так и под ячмень включала дискование стерни после предшественника, отвальную вспашку на 22 24 см и предпосевную культивацию. Альтернативными методами обработки почвы являлись: под ячмень минимальная обработка дисковым культиватором на 12 14 см, под пшеницу нулевая обработка, прямой посев с предварительной обработкой поля гербицидом на основе д.в. глифосата. Пшеницу удобряли по схеме: N32P32K32 перед посевом и две подкормки N70 в течение вегетации. За 11 лет исследований средняя урожайность озимой пшеницы на фоне интенсивного применения удобрений в варианте традиционной обработки 5,00 т/га, в варианте нулевой обработки 4,84 т/га (при НСР05 0,56 т/га). За тот же период урожайность ячменя на фоне N40P40K40 составила в варианте традиционной обработки 3,83 т/га, при минимальной 3,91 т/га (при НСР05 0,19). В отдельные годы урожайность озимой пшеницы и ячменя была существенно выше в варианте традиционной вспашки по сравнению с ресурсосберегающей обработкой, в другие годы наоборот, но постоянной тенденции преимущества одной из двух изучаемых технологий выявлено не было. Таким образом, способы обработки почвы традиционная вспашка и ресурсосберегающая обработка, минимальная или нулевая не оказывают постоянного, воспроизводимого из года в год положительного или отрицательного воздействия на урожайность зерновых. За 11летний период наблюдений было выявлено, что на фоне применения рекомендованных доз минеральных удобрений урожайность зерновых в большей степени зависела от метеоусловий вегетационного сезона, нежели от способа обработки почвы. The investigation included the competitive trial of winter wheat and spring barley under conventional and resourcesaving cultivation. The crop rotation was performed on sodpodzolic soil for 4 years. Vetchoat mixture preceded wheat while potato barley. Conventional tillage included disk plowing after the forecrops, 22 24 cm moldboard plowing and seedbed preparation. Alternatively, 12 14 cm disk plowing, zero tillage and direct seeding were used under glyphosatebased herbicide application. Wheat grew on the background of N32P32K32 and obtained N70 twice during its growing season. For 11 years wheat productivity averaged to 5.00 t ha1 under conventional cultivation and 4.84 t ha1 under zero tillage (LSD 0.56 t ha1, P 0.05). Barley yielded 3.83 t grain ha1 under conventional cultivation and 3.91 t grain ha1 under minimum tillage (LSD 0.19, P 0.05) on the background of N40P40K40. In some years wheat and barley performed better under conventional cultivation but the data was inconsistent. Therefore, tillage type had no constant positive effect on crop productivity. Crop productivities were mostly affected by weather conditions when applying the recommended fertilizer rates.

Chemical weed control options for zero-tillage spring barley

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Samson ◽  
Anne Légère ◽  
Romain Rioux
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

The need for yearly applications of non-selective and postemergence herbicides was evaluated in zero-tillage barley cropping systems in eastern Québec. The effects of six glyphosate treatments, fall-applied, at several rates and frequencies, and four postemergence herbicide treatments, on weed populations and crop yields, were measured over 2 yr in a zero-tillage spring barley monoculture. Yearly fall applications of glyphosate at rates at or above 0.5 kg a.i. ha−1 combined with postemergence herbicide treatments controlled most weed groups and provided optimum barley yields. Key words: Zero-tillage, no-till, conservation tillage, weed control, barley

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document