THE INFLUENCE OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF THE MAIN PROCESSING OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM ON THE HUMIDITY, DENSITY OF SOIL COMPOSITION AND YIELD OF OILSEED FLAX IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
◽  
V.S. Polous ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Complex Influence

The aim of the research was to study the complex influence of methods and techniques of the main processing of ordinary chernozem, its agrophysical indicators on the yield of oilseed flax. It was found that surface (6-8 cm) and zero tillage did not significantly affect the dynamics of soil moisture in comparison with plowing at 22-24 cm (control). In the spring of productive moisture in the layer of 0-100 cm accumulated 151,5-150-152, mm, respectively. During the growing sea-son of the crop, its number decreased to 60 mm. The density of soil addition on plots without me-chanical treatment before sowing oilseed flax in a layer of 0-10 cm was 1.03 g / cm3, which was 0.01 g/cm3 higher than the variant with surface treatment and 0.04 g/cm3 higher than the control. In the horizon of 20-30 cm, the indicators increased to 1.15 g / cm3 for plowing and 1.23 g/cm3 for zero processing. Before harvesting flax in this horizon, the density of the soil composition cor-responded to the values of 1.27-1.30 g / cm3 and did not significantly exceed the optimal values. Optimal agrophysical values of the soil, as well as the use of fertilizers, pesticides and growth stimulators, provided an average yield of oilseed flax in 2014-2016: 1.75 t/ha at surface and 1.70 t/ha at zero tillage. In relation to the control, this was less by 3% and 6%, respectively. For ener-gy-saving treatments, the conditional net income was 18.3 thousand rubles/ha, and the profitabil-ity was 70%.

NFLUENCE OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF BASIC PROCESSING ON SOIL MOISTURE, DENSITY OF ADDITION AND YIELD OF PEAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
◽  
V.S. Polous ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Direct Sowing

Seed peas were sown in 2016-2018 after plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm, as well as with surface (6-8 cm) and zero tillage with the introduction of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N6P26 for the predecessor of mogar (crop sowing). The productive moisture in the 0-100 cm layer before sowing was 167.2 mm when plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm and 158.4 mm-without mechanical tillage. Its content was determined by 18% of the precipitation for November-February and by 2% - the depth of the main tillage. Before harvesting, 64.1 mm of available moisture was preserved on the plowed plots. The density of addition of ordinary chernozem in a layer of 0-30 cm with zero treatment before sowing was 1.15 g / cm3, before harvesting-1.18 g/cm3. This exceeded the con-trol version by 0.07 g/cm3 and 0.03 g/cm3, respectively. The average yield of peas in 2016-2017 was 3.79 t / ha for plowing, 3.71 t / ha for surface treatment (by 6-8 cm), 3.61 t / ha with direct sowing technology, providing a conditional net income 12,9-13,7-14,0 thousand rubles / ha, re-spectively.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BASIC TILLAGE TECHNIQUES ON WEED INFESTATION OF A LINK OF CROP ROTATION CROWN FLAX –WINTER WHEAT –FOXTAIL MILLET IN STUBBLE –FIELD PEA

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
V.S. Polous ◽  
◽  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
A.I. Beliy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Weed Infestation

Currently, in practical agriculture, the role of resource-saving technologies for direct sowing of field crops in-creases; they produce positive results under the correct system of weed control only. To solve this problem, the research in various regions is required. Taking this into account, in the central zone of the Krasnodar Region from 2013 through 2018, we studied the effect of plowing (22-24 cm), surface tillage (6-8 cm) and zero tillage (direct seeding) on weeds after harvesting in the crops of crown flax, winter wheat, foxtail millet in stubble, and field pea. It was found that decreased tillage depth increased the ger-mination of annual weeds in the summer and autumn 1.7-2.9 times higher than after plowing (117 pcs per m2); and before herbicide application on growing crops 1.5-1.9 times higher than in the control (183 pcs m2). The applica-tion of the recommended preparations reduced the weed infestation by harvesting to 5.0-28.0 pcs m2. The applica-tion of fertilizers and chemicals ensured the effectiveness of the trial crops. Under zero tillage, the contingent net income of a crop rotation link made 58.6 thousand rubles ha; the crop yields were as following: crown flax -1.70 t ha, winter wheat -6.05 t ha, foxtail millet in stubble-0.50 t ha, field pea -3.62 t ha, although the yields turned out to be lower by 8%, 7%, 0%, 4%, respectively, than after plowing.

scholarly journals Effects of conservation agriculture on productivity and Economics of maize-wheat based cropping systems in midwestern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
K Pariyar ◽  
A Chaudhary ◽  
P Sapkota ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
CB Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Equivalent Yield

The effects of two tillage methods (zero tillage and conventional tillage), two residue managements (residue kept and residue removed) and two levels of cropping system (maize + soybean and sole maize) were studied over 3 years (2015-2017) at Dailekh district of Nepal. Arun-2 and Puja were the varieties of maize and soybean used respectively, followed by winter wheat. The results revealed that the maize + soybean system had significantly higher plant population and ear population (34.83 thousands ha-1 and 34.35 thousands ha-1, respectively), grains per row (37.1), ear length (16.6 cm) and 20.5% higher grain yield as compared to sole maize. The highest maize equivalent yield (7.92 t ha-1) was recorded in maize + soybean as compared to the lower grain yield equivalent (7.06 t ha-1) in sole maize. Zero tillage accounted relatively higher benefits (high net income and B:C ratio) as compared to conventional tillage. The residue kept plot resulted significantly higher B:C ratio (2.41) than the residue removed (2.11) and the maize + soybean recorded 82.5% greater B:C ratio compared to sole maize. Net annual income was significantly higher in zero tillage, residue kept and maize + soybean system (NRs. 223072.00, 222958.00 and 269016.00 ha-1 respectively). Such combinations are recommended for Dailekh district of Nepal to have profitable crop productivity. SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 49-63 (2019)

FORMATION OF MATERIAL AND ENERGY COSTS IN THE GRAIN-TILLAGE LINK OF CROP ROTATION DURING PLOWING, SURFACE AND ZERO (CHEMICAL) PROCESSING OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
V.S. Polous ◽  
◽  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
L.O. Prokopova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
No Till ◽  
Material Energy ◽  
Rota Tion

The purpose of the research was to determine the material, energy and other indicators for the cul-tivation of crops of the crop rotation link using fertilizers, pesticides and effective growth stimu-lators for different-depth basic soil treatment. It was found that the crops of the grain-tillage rota-tion link, which were cultivated by plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm (control), surface treatment to a depth of 6-8 cm and zero (chemical) treatment significantly changed their productivity, and also formed various production, and therefore energy costs. The yield of oilseed flax was 1.70 t / ha, winter wheat-6.23 t / ha, mogar grain of crop sowing-0.49 t / ha, mogar hay-1.74 t / ha, peas-3.86 t/ha. The yield of these crops obtained using the no-till technology was, respectively, at 12- 3- 0 – 4 the percentage is lower than in the control. The largest net income (64090 rubles / ha), the amount of additional energy (220998 Mj) and the energy efficiency coefficient (3.5) were formed during surface tillage for crops of the crop rotation link, including due to the mogar of crop sow-ing, respectively 3370 rubles/ha and 243208 Mj. Cultivation of 4 field crops in 3 agricultural years significantly increases the economic and bioenergetic efficiency of production and can be applied in other regions.

scholarly journals Agro-economic yield of taro clones in Brazil, propagated with different types of cuttings, in three crop seasons

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-798
Author(s):  
NESTOR A. HEREDIA ZARATE ◽  
MARIA C. VIEIRA ◽  
LUCIANE A. TABALDI ◽  
DANILO A. HEREDIA VIEIRA ◽  
ROSIMEIRE P.G. JORGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Different Types

The experimental studies were conducted in 2007-2008, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 crop seasons, in order to know the agro-economic yield of 'Chinês' and "Macaquinho" taro clones, propagated using huge, extra, large, medium, small and tiny cormels. The harvest was done on average on 202 days after planting, in three crop seasons. Based on the joint analysis of variance carried out, it was observed that taro clones showed significant differences in the yield of fresh and dry weight of leaves, cormels, and commercial and non-commercial comels; besides, there were significant differences in yield of a crop season to another and the size of the cuttings induced significant differences in yield. In the conditions that the experiments were conducted, and considering the highest average yield of fresh weight of commercial cormels (28.69 t.ha-1) and highest net income (US $14,741.14) correspondent to the three crop seasons, it is recommended to cultivate 'Macaquinho' clone using small cuttings in propagation.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of spring wheat grain yield in the Volga region

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Seeding Rate

The results of the study of five seeding rates (variants) in the cultivation of spring durum wheat Bezenchukskaya Niva with seed treatment with Scenic Combi preparation (1.4 l/t) in order to identify the optimal rate are presented. On ordinary chernozem for 2017-2020 in the arid conditions of the Volga region, it was found out that when growing a crop for winter wheat, a decrease in seeding rates contributed to an increase in the coefficient of total and productive bushiness, the weight of grain from the ear and plant, the number of grains from the ear. On average, over the years of research, the yield of spring wheat grain at seeding rates of 2.0-5.0 million/ha was 2.00-2.22 t / ha. Under favorable weather conditions, the yield advantage was the norm of 4.0-5.0 million/ha by 6.2-37 %, in the acutely arid 2.0-3.0 million / ha by 3.4-16.4 % more, compared to other options. Wheat yield was most affected by the air temperature during the growing season (r=-0.97* to -0.99*). Of the elements of the structure, the maximum conjugacy with the yield at the norms of 1.0-4.0 is noted with the number and weight of grain from the ear and plant, the height of the plants (r=0,97*-1,0**). On average, over the years of research, the highest net income was established on the variants with the norm of 3.0-4.0 million / ha-17100.4-17442.8 rubles / ha, which is 761.9-1704.7 rubles/ha (4.7-10.8 %) more than the variants with the norm of 2.0 and 5.0 million/ha. The maximum level of profitability was revealed at the rate of 1.0 million / ha-194.6 %, which is 9.6-41.3% more than the options with the rate of 2.0-4.0 million / ha. Based on the conducted research, the seeding rate of 2.0-4.0 million/ha is recommended for the cultivation of spring durum wheat for commercial purposes. In the original seed production – 1.0 and 2.0 million/ha, providing a multiplication factor of up to 57.8 kg/kg of grain.

Rotation, tillage and seeder effects on winter wheat performance and soil moisture regime

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Lindwall ◽  
F. J. Larney ◽  
J. M. Carefoot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management System ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Southern Alberta

The optimum management system for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in southern Alberta has not been adequately defined. A 9-yr (1978–1986) study was conducted to determine the effects of three rotations (continuous winter wheat, winter wheat–fallow and winter wheat–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–fallow), two tillage systems (conventional tillage, zero tillage) and two seeder types (hoe-drill, disc drill) on winter wheat growth, yield and water use. Continuous cropping to winter wheat was terminated after 4 yr because of a heavy downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) infestation. Soil moisture reserves to 1.5-m depth fell to only 61% of that under the wheat–fallow rotation. Wheat grown in the wheat–barley–fallow rotation yielded on average 4% higher than that in the wheat–fallow rotation. Yields under zero tillage were significantly higher in 3 of the 9 study years, and slightly higher in 5 yr, due to better soil moisture conservation once the zero-tillage treatment was established for 2 yr. Zero tillage was most beneficial when precipitation at fall planting was less than normal. The hoe-drill provided more effective seed placement than the disc drill when surface soil conditions were dry at or soon after seeding. A management system which incorporates zero tillage (and preferably seeding with a hoe drill) into a 3-yr (wheat–barley–fallow) rotation is best suited for winter wheat production in southern Alberta. Key words: Wheat (winter), crop rotation, zero tillage, seed drill, soil moisture regime

No-till - the technology of growing winter wheat as a factor in optimizing the hydrothermal regime of the soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (93) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
A.V. Korniychuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Maximum Daily Temperature ◽  
No Till ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Application No-till - the technology of growing winter wheat reduces the fluctuations in the daily temperatures of thesoil surface by more than half, by almost 70 ° C, reduces the maximum daily temperature, which reduces the soil moisture loss by 1.7 times, compared to traditional technology. In the period of high demand of germinating seeds in the heat, zero tillage retains it better, reducing the pre-emergence period by 30%. With No-till technology, the risk of damage to plants by low temperatures and ice cake during the overwintering period is significantlyreduced.

scholarly journals Nitrogen management in zero-tillage cum surface seeded wheat at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
KR Dahal ◽  
BB Adhikari ◽  
KB Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Crown Root ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Animal Sciences

An experiment was conducted at the experiment field of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal in 1999/2000 to assess the effect of mulch and the timing of nitrogen application on the performance of surface seeded wheat crop under zero-tillage condition. The experiment consisted of eight treatments that included 1/2 dose of N at sowing and 1/2 at crown root initiation (CRI) stage; 1/2 dose of N at 11 days after sowing and 1/2 at CRI; whole dose of N at CRI stage; and 1/2 dose of N at CRI and 1/2 40 days after sowing, with and without mulch using rice straw @ 4 ton/ha. The result showed that mulch was effective in conserving soil moisture, suppressing weeds and enhancing yield and yield attributing parameters. Similarly, application of nitrogen at two splits i.e. 1/2 dose of N at CRI and 1/2 at 40 days after sowing with mulch produced significantly higher grain yield (4547 kg/ha) whereas significantly lower grain yield (2267 kg/ha) was obtained from the treatment of 1/2 dose of N at sowing and 1/2 at CRI without mulch. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7547 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 1: 2010 pp.85-93

scholarly journals Features Of Photosynthesis And Water Regime Of Quercus Pubescens Willd. Under The Conditions Of Autumn Drought Of The Southern Coast Of The Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
O.A. Ilnitsky ◽  
Y.V. Plugatar ◽  
A.V. Pashtetsky ◽  
A.T. Gil
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Quercus Pubescens ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the research is to determine the optimal zones and thresholds of soil moisture, temperature, illumination, limiting photosynthesis and transpiration of Quércus pubéscens Willd. and allowing the introduction of the species to other regions. The dependences of the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and the transpiration rate (E) on stomatal conductivity (gs), leaf temperature (Tl), and soil moisture (Ws) are shown. The ratio of the processes of photosynthesis and respiration, under the influence of soil drought, allowed us to define their optimal values: Ws = 26 – 28%, Pn = 16 –18 μmol/m2c, Rt = 2 – 4 μmol/m2c. The relationship between the net photosynthesis rate, total respiration, and leaf temperature allowed us to determine the temperature maximum of net photosynthesis (the thermal compensation point): Pn = Rt = 2.0 μmol/m2c at Tl = 37ºC. It was found that in the absence of soil drought, the proportion of respiratory costs (Rt/Pg) from true photosynthesis is 20 – 23%, and with soil moisture of 8 – 10% increases to 55 – 58%.

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