scholarly journals THE ACCURACY OF TRANSCRANIAL SONOGRAPHY ON ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE DIAGNOSIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Santos ◽  
Rita Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Transcranial Sonography ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outpatient Unit

Background: The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is clinical, combining neurological examination, neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging. One of the anatomical features of AD is medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy graduated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with accuracy to discriminate between healthy controls, mild neurocognitive disorder (MCI) or dementia, but it has its limitations. Transcranial sonography (TCS) demonstrated good accuracy to display changes in echogenicity or size of intracranial structures. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate TCS diagnostic accuracy in AD. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional case-control study. Patients in the outpatient unit of a University Hospital with >2 y AD diagnosis and controls. TCS performed with a 2-4MHz sector probe to study lateral temporal lobe (A), MTL height (B) and width (C), ambiens cistern width (D) and choroidal cistern height (E). Results: TCCS exams were performed. 2 individuals had no bone window (1 control, 1 AD). 15 healthy controls and 4 DA patients showed significantly different B/E measurements (3.17+0,47 cm2 vs 2.23+0.22 cm2; p=0,0001). Conclusions: Our preliminary results indicate that our measurements are in agreement with those found in the literature. The present results indicate the reproducibility of the technique in our Hospital and encourages us to expand the number of participants.

Transcranial sonography of the medial temporal lobe in Alzheimer’s disease patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 83/116 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
David Školoudík ◽  
Petra Krulová ◽  
Helena Kisvetrová ◽  
Jiří Blahuta ◽  
Tomáš Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Transcranial Sonography

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Assessment of the Medial Temporal Lobe Tissue Displacements in Alzheimer’s Disease

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Baranauskas ◽  
Rytis Jurkonis ◽  
Arūnas Lukoševičius ◽  
Monika Makūnaitė ◽  
Vaidas Matijošaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Transcranial Sonography ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Motion Data

We aim to estimate brain tissue displacements in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) using backscattered ultrasound radiofrequency (US RF) signals, and to assess the diagnostic ability of brain tissue displacement parameters for the differentiation of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from healthy controls (HC). Standard neuropsychological evaluation and transcranial sonography (TCS) for endogenous brain tissue motion data collection are performed for 20 patients with AD and for 20 age- and sex-matched HC in a prospective manner. Essential modifications of our previous method in US waveform parametrization, raising the confidence of micrometer-range displacement signals in the presence of noise, are done. Four logistic regression models are constructed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses are applied. All models have cut-offs from 61.0 to 68.5% and separate AD patients from HC with a sensitivity of 89.5% and a specificity of 100%. The area under a ROC curve of predicted probability in all models is excellent (from 95.2 to 95.7%). According to our models, AD patients can be differentiated from HC by a sharper morphology of some individual MTL spatial point displacements (i.e., by spreading the spectrum of displacements to the high-end frequencies with higher variability across spatial points within a region), by lower displacement amplitude differences between adjacent spatial points (i.e., lower strain), and by a higher interaction of these attributes.

Volumes of Medial Temporal Lobe Structures in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment (and in Healthy Controls)

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack S. Krasuski ◽  
Gene E. Alexander ◽  
Barry Horwitz ◽  
Eileen M. Daly ◽  
Declan G.M. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Healthy Controls

Identification of a Pathogenic PSEN1 Ala285Val Mutation Associated with Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-445
Author(s):  
Van Giau Vo ◽  
Jung-Min Pyun ◽  
Eva Bagyinszky ◽  
Seong S.A. An ◽  
Sang Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

Background: Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) was suggested as the most common causative gene of early onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Methods: Patient who presented progressive memory decline in her 40s was enrolled in this study. A broad battery of neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging was applied to make the diagnosis. Genetic tests were performed in the patient to evaluate possible mutations using whole exome sequencing. The pathogenic nature of missense mutation and its 3D protein structure prediction were performed by in silico prediction programs. Results: A pathogenic mutation in PSEN1 (NM_000021.3: c.1027T>C p.Ala285Val), which was found in a Korean EOAD patient. Magnetic resonance imaging scan showed mild left temporal lobe atrophy. Hypometabolism appeared through 18F-fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) scanning in bilateral temporal and parietal lobe, and 18F-Florbetaben-PET (FBB-PET) showed increased amyloid deposition in bilateral frontal, parietal, temporal lobe and hence presumed preclinical AD. Protein modeling showed that the p.Ala285Val is located in the random coil region and could result in extra stress in this region, resulting in the replacement of an alanine residue with a valine. This prediction was confirmed previous in vitro studies that the p.Trp165Cys resulted in an elevated Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in both COS-1 and HEK293 cell lines compared that of wild-type control. Conclusion: Together, the clinical characteristics and the effect of the mutation would facilitate our understanding of PSEN1 in AD pathogenesis for the disease diagnosis and treatment. Future in vivo study is needed to evaluate the role of PSEN1 p.Ala285Val mutation in AD progression.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological and neuroimaging changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH W. TWAMLEY ◽  
SUSAN A. LEGENDRE ROPACKI ◽  
MARK W. BONDI
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Normal Individuals

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common, devastating form of dementia. With the advent of promising symptomatic treatment, the importance of recognizing AD at its very earliest stages has increased. We review the extant neuropsychological and neuroimaging literature on preclinical AD, focusing on longitudinal studies of initially nondemented individuals and cross-sectional investigations comparing at-risk with normal individuals. We systematically reviewed 91 studies of neuropsychological functioning, structural neuroimaging, or functional neuroimaging in preclinical AD. The neuropsychological studies indicated that preclinical AD might be characterized by subtle deficits in a broad range of neuropsychological domains, particularly in attention, learning and memory, executive functioning, processing speed, and language. Recent findings from neuroimaging research suggest that volume loss and cerebral blood flow or metabolic changes, particularly in the temporal lobe, may be detected before the onset of dementia. There exist several markers of a preclinical period of AD, in which specific cognitive and biochemical changes precede the clinical manifestations. The preclinical indicators of AD reflect early compromise of generalized brain integrity and temporal lobe functioning in particular. (JINS, 2006,12, 707–735.)

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