scholarly journals Rectus femoris myofascial injury

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Ashwinikumar Waghmare ◽  
Malashri .

Profunda Femoris Artery (PFA) arises from lateral aspect of femoral artery 3.5 cm distal to inguinal ligament. It gives lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries from lateral and medial aspect respectively. Following variation was reported in right lower limb of a 60 year male cadaver, during routine dissection for medical students. Profunda Femoris Artery (PFA) arose from lateral aspect of femoral artery 1 cm distal to inguinal ligament, running laterally and down words parallel to femoral artery the profunda femoris passed beneath rectus femoris, sartorius and vastus medialis successively, finally pierced adductor magnus as forth perforator artery, 6 cm above knee joint.


Author(s):  
Carly Welch ◽  
Zeinab Majid ◽  
Isabelle Andrews ◽  
Zaki Hassan-Smith ◽  
Vicky Kamwa ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Ultrasonography is an emerging non-invasive bedside tool for muscle quantity/quality assessment; Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is an alternative non-invasive bedside measure of body composition, recommended for evaluation of sarcopenia in clinical practice. We set out to assess impact of position and exercise upon measures towards protocol standardisation. Methods Healthy volunteers aged 18–35 were recruited. Bilateral Anterior Thigh Thickness (BATT; rectus femoris and vastus intermedius), BATT: Subcutaneous Ratio (BATT:SCR), and rectus femoris echogenicity were measured using ultrasound and BIA was performed; 1) lying with upper body at 45° (Reclined), 2) lying fully supine at 180o (Supine), 3) sat in a chair with upper body at 90o (Sitting), and 4) after exercise Reclined. Variability of Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) by two different equations from BIA (SMM-Janssen, SMM-Sergi), phase angle, fat percentage, and total body (TBW), extracellular (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) were assessed. Results Forty-four participants (52% female; mean 25.7 years-old (SD 5.0)) were recruited. BATT increased from Reclined to Sitting (+ 1.45 cm, 1.27–1.63), and after exercise (+ 0.51, 0.29–0.73). Echogenicity reduced from Reclined to Sitting (− 2.1, − 3.9 – -0.26). SMM-Sergi declined from Reclined to Supine (− 0.65 kg, − 1.08 – − 0.23) and after exercise (− 0.70 kg, − 1.27 – -0.14). ECW increased from Reclined to Sitting (+ 1.19 L, 0.04–2.35). There were no other statistically significant changes. Conclusion Standardisation of protocols is especially important for assessment of muscle quantity by ultrasonography; BIA measurements may also vary dependent on the equations used. Where possible, participants should be rested prior to muscle ultrasonography and BIA, and flexion of the knees should be avoided.


2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Lena Siebers ◽  
Jörg Eschweiler ◽  
Filippo Migliorini ◽  
Valentin Michael Quack ◽  
Markus Tingart ◽  
...  

Abstract Muscle imbalances are a leading cause of musculoskeletal problems. One example are leg length inequalities (LLIs). This study aimed to analyze the effect of different (simulated) LLIs on back and leg muscles in combination with kinematic compensation mechanics. Therefore, 20 healthy volunteers were analyzed during walking with artificial LLIs (0–4 cm). The effect of different amounts of LLIs and significant differences to the reference condition without LLI were calculated of maximal joint angles, mean muscle activity, and its symmetry index. While walking, LLIs led to higher muscle activity and asymmetry of back muscles, by increased lumbar lateral flexion and pelvic obliquity. The rectus femoris showed higher values, independent of the amount of LLI, whereas the activity of the gastrocnemius on the shorter leg increased. The hip and knee flexion of the long leg increased significantly with increasing LLIs, like the knee extension and the ankle plantarflexion of the shorter leg. The described compensation mechanisms are explained by a dynamic lengthening of the short and shortening of the longer leg, which is associated with increased and asymmetrical muscle activity. Presenting this overview is important for a better understanding of the effects of LLIs to improve diagnostic and therapy in the future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 669.1-670
Author(s):  
E. Conticini ◽  
P. Falsetti ◽  
S. G. Al Khayyat ◽  
C. Baldi ◽  
F. Bellisai ◽  
...  

Background:No clear-cut guidelines exist about the use of diagnostic procedures for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and only scanty and conflicting data report the use of ultrasound (US).Objectives:We aimed to assess if grey-scale (GS) and Power Doppler (PD) US, graded with a 0-3-points-scale, may be a reliable tool in a cohort of patients affected by IIM.Methods:We prospectively collected, since July to October 2020, all patients referred to Vasculitis and Myositis clinic, Rheumatology Unit, University of Siena, for suspected IIM, as well as patients with a previous, definite diagnosis of IIM and evaluated during follow-up or referred from other centers for a second opinion. All patients underwent US examination of both thighs in axial and longitudinal scans. Edema and atrophy, both assessed in GS, and PD, were graded with a 0-3-points-scale. Spearman test was used to identify the correlations between US and clinical and serological variables.Results:A total of 18 patients was included. Four of them were evaluated twice, at baseline and within 3 months of therapy. Muscle edema was found to be directly correlated with physician global assessment (PhGA), serum myoglobin and PD and negatively with disease duration. PD score was positively correlated to PhGA and negatively to disease duration. Muscle atrophy directly correlated with Myositis Damage Index and patients’ age. The single-thigh sub-analysis evidenced a direct correlation between PD score and Manual Muscle Test.Conclusion:In our cohort, we found that edema and PD are strictly related to early, active myositis, suggesting that an inflamed muscle should appear swollen, thickened and with Doppler signal. Conversely, muscle atrophy reflects the age of the patient and the overall severity of the disease. Such findings shed a new, promising, light in the role of US in diagnosis and monitoring of IIMs.Table 1.Siena Myositis Ultrasound Grading Scale (SMUGS).Grey-scale edemaGrey-scale atrophyPower Doppler0Normal muscle echotexture with hyperechoic septa and hypoechoic muscle fibers, conserved thickness.Normal muscle echotexture, with hyperechoic septa and hypoechoic muscle fibers, conserved thickness.No PD signal.1Focal hypoechoic areas, where septa are less evident. Conserved thickness.Focal heterogeneously hyperechoic areas, where septa are thicker and more evident, and muscle fibers are thinner. Conserved muscle thickness.One or two PD signals in at least one muscle (PD vascular spots, small vessels of homogenous diameters, vessel diameters approximately not superior to fibrous intramuscular septa)2Diffuse and heterogeneous hypo echogenicity (rectus femoris as hypoechoic or more than vastus intermedius), septa diffusely less evident. Conserved thickness.Diffuse and heterogeneously hyperechoic muscle, with thicker septa and thinner muscle fibers. Conserved muscle thickness.More than 2 PD signals for each muscle (as vascular spots, small vessels of homogenous diameters, vessel diameters approximately not superior to fibrous intramuscular septa).3Diffuse and heterogeneous hypo echogenicity (rectus femoris as hypoechoic or more than vastus intermedius), septa diffusely less evident. Increased thickness (rectus femoris became thicker than vastus intermedius).Diffuse and heterogeneously hyperechoic muscle, with thicker septa and thinner muscle fibers. Reduced muscle thickness.More than 2 PD signals for each muscle with larger diameter of the vessel (at least superior to fibrous intramuscular septa), or vessels with different diameters or branched vessels.Figure 1.Different PD findings (clockwise) in longitudinal anterior scans of the thigh: PD 3 in a patient with a recent diagnosis of anti-Mi2 DM; PD 2 in the same patient after one month of treatment with steroids and Methotrexate; PD 1 in a patient affected by anti-SAE DM, with a suspected disease flare; PD 0 in a patient affected by an advanced polymyositis diagnosed in 2000, currently not in treatment.Disclosure of Interests:None declared


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Fabiola Spolaor ◽  
Marco Romanato ◽  
Guiotto Annamaria ◽  
Antonella Peppe ◽  
Leila Bakdounes ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Equistasi®, a wearable device, on the relationship between muscular activity and postural control changes in a sample of 25 Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects. Gait analysis was carried out through a six-cameras stereophotogrammetric system synchronized with two force plates, an eight-channel surface electromyographic system, recording the activity of four muscles bilaterally: Rectus femoris, tibialis anterior (TA), biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL). The peak of the envelope (PoE) and its occurrence within the gait cycle (position of the peak of the envelope, PPoE) were calculated. Frequency-domain posturographic parameters were extracted while standing still on a force plate in eyes open and closed conditions for 60 s. After the treatment with Equistasi®, the mid-low (0.5–0.75) Hz and mid-high (0.75–1 Hz) components associated with the vestibular and somatosensory systems, PoE and PPoE, displayed a shift toward the values registered on the controls. Furthermore, a correlation was found between changes in proprioception (power spectrum frequencies during the Romberg Test) and the activity of GL, BF (PoE), and TA (PPoE). Results of this study could provide a quantitative estimation of the effects of a neurorehabilitation device on the peripheral and central nervous system in PD.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rand Hidayah ◽  
Dongbao Sui ◽  
Kennedi A. Wade ◽  
Biing-Chwen Chang ◽  
Sunil Agrawal

Abstract Passive wearable exoskeletons are desirable as they can provide assistance during user movements while still maintaining a simple and low-profile design. These can be useful in industrial tasks where an ergonomic device could aid in load lifting without inconveniencing them and reducing fatigue and stress in the lower limbs. The SpringExo is a coil-spring design that aids in knee extension. In this paper, we describe the muscle activation of the knee flexors and extensors from seven healthy participants during repeated squats. The outcome measures are the timings of the key events during squat, flexion angle, muscle activation of rectus femoris and bicep femoris, and foot pressure characteristics of the participants. These outcome measures assess the possible effects of the device during lifting operations where reduced effort in the muscles is desired during ascent phase of the squat, without changing the knee and foot kinematics. The results show that the SpringExo significantly decreased rectus femoris activation during ascent (−2%) without significantly affecting either the bicep femoris or rectus femoris muscle activations in descent. This implies that the user could perform a descent without added effort and ascent with reduced effort. The exoskeleton showed other effects on the biomechanics of the user, increasing average squat time (+0.02 s) and maximum squat time (+0.1 s), and decreasing average knee flexion angle (−4°). The exoskeleton has no effect on foot loading or placement, that is, the user did not have to revise their stance while using the device.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2721
Author(s):  
Nobuto Nakanishi ◽  
Shigeaki Inoue ◽  
Rie Tsutsumi ◽  
Yusuke Akimoto ◽  
Yuko Ono ◽  
...  

Ultrasound has become widely used as a means to measure the rectus femoris muscle in the acute and chronic phases of critical illness. Despite its noninvasiveness and accessibility, its accuracy highly depends on the skills of the technician. However, few ultrasound phantoms for the confirmation of its accuracy or to improve technical skills exist. In this study, the authors created a novel phantom model and used it for investigating the accuracy of measurements and for training. Study 1 investigated how various conditions affect ultrasound measurements such as thickness, cross-sectional area, and echogenicity. Study 2 investigated if the phantom can be used for the training of various health care providers in vitro and in vivo. Study 1 showed that thickness, cross-sectional area, and echogenicity were affected by probe compression strength, probe angle, phantom compression, and varying equipment. Study 2 in vitro showed that using the phantom for training improved the accuracy of the measurements taken within the phantom, and Study 2 in vivo showed the phantom training had a short-term effect on improving the measurement accuracy in a human volunteer. The new ultrasound phantom model revealed that various conditions affected ultrasound measurements, and phantom training improved the measurement accuracy.


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