Sensory and Color Changes Induced by Microoxygenation Treatments of Pinot noir before and after Malolactic Fermentation

Abstract An imprinted electrospun fiber membrane was developed for the detection of volatile organic acids, which are key components of human body odor. In this study, hexanoic acid (HA) was selected as the target, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as the substrate, and colorimetric detection of HA was achieved by a bromocresol purple (BCP) chromogenic agent. The results showed that the morphology of the fiber membrane was uniform and continuous, and it showed excellent selectivity and specificity to HA. Photographs of the color changes before and after fiber membrane adsorption were recorded by a camera and quantified by ImageJ software by the difference in gray value (ΔGray). This method is simple, intuitive, and low cost and has great potential for application in human odor analysis.

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Newly Synthesized Branch-type Aromatic Oxadiazole Polymer and Binary Fluorescence Patterning on its Film

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1177/0954008306081195 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (5-6) ◽

pp. 531-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Moon Soo Choi ◽

Hyung Jun Kim ◽

Taek Seung Lee ◽

Won Seok Lyoo

Keyword(s):

Coupling Reaction ◽

Side Reaction ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Side Chain ◽

Aromatic Side Chain ◽

Suzuki Coupling Reaction ◽

Color Changes ◽

Fluorescence Color ◽

Before And After ◽

Photochemical Cleavage

Aromatic side-chain oxadiazole polymer linked with 9,9'-dioctylfluorene was successfully synthesized via Suzuki coupling reaction. Hydroxyphenyl group was attached in the 2-position of the oxadiazole unit in the polymer side chain to control the optical properties of the polymer. We confirmed the presence of the t-butoxycarbonyl group on the hydroxyl group using thermogravimetric analysis, which was incorporated to avoid side reaction during polymerization. We also performed the simple and easy fabrication method for the dual fluorescence image using photochemical cleavage of the t-butoxycarbonyl group from the polymer to induce fluorescence color changes before and after UV irradiation.

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Effect of In-Office Bleaching on Color and Surface Roughness of Composite Restoratives

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697819 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 04 (02) ◽

pp. 118-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Randa Hafez ◽

Doa Ahmed ◽

Mai Yousry ◽

Wafa El-Badrawy ◽

Omar El-Mowafy

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Surface Texture ◽

Color Change ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Bleaching Agent ◽

Color Changes ◽

Before And After ◽

Colorimetric Measurements ◽

Natural Teeth ◽

Environmental Sem

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine color changes and surface roughness of composites when they were subjected to in-office bleaching.Methods: 12 discs 15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick were prepared from two shades (A2 & A4) of two composites, Durafil VS (DF) and TPH3 (TPH). Specimens were polished and stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C before being subjected to bleaching, staining, and re-bleaching. Each of the groups of specimens (DF-A2, DF-A4, TPH-A2 and TPH-A4) were subdivided into three subgroups (n=4) and bleached with Beyond, LumaWhite-Plus, and Opalescence-Boost. Specimens were then stained by immersing them in a coffee solution for 48 hours at 37°C, and then they were re-bleached. Colorimetric measurements were performed at baseline, after bleaching, after staining, and after rebleaching. Surface roughness was determined with environmental SEM before and after bleaching. Data were statistically-analyzed.Results: None of the bleaching systems notably changed the color of composites (delta-E<2). Coffee staining affected DF specimens more than TPH. Stained specimens showed variable responses to whitening with no significant color change observed with TPH (delta-E<2) and significant changes observed with DF. Surface roughness significantly changed with bleaching, but the degree varied according to composite shade and bleaching agent.Conclusions: Three in-office bleaching agents had no significant color changes on two composites. DF showed more color change than TPH when immersed in coffee. Stained composites showed different degrees of whitening, with DF showing more response. Bleaching may adversely affect the surface texture of composites. Dentists should take into consideration that composite restorations may not respond to bleaching in the same way that natural teeth do. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:118-127)

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The Sideways Effect: A Test for Changes in the Demand for Merlot and Pinot Noir Wines

Journal of Wine Economics ◽

10.1017/s193143610000081x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 219-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Steven S. Cuellar ◽

Dan Karnowsky ◽

Frederick Acosta

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Jel Classification ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Wine Consumption ◽

Price Point ◽

Before And After

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of the movie Sideways on US wine consumption. Specifically, we examine the affects of the movie on the consumption of Merlot, which is derided in the movie and the affect on Pinot Noir, which is praised. We examine the trends in consumption before and after the movie and perform statistical tests for structural changes in consumption. We also test for changes in consumption of each varietal by price point. (JEL Classification: C22)

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Effect of varying thickness and artificial aging on color and translucency of cubic zirconia and lithium disilicate ceramics

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2021.v24i3.2623 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Heba El-khayat ◽

Hesham Katamish ◽

Amr El-Etreby ◽

Mostafa Aboushahba

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Artificial Aging ◽

Color Change ◽

Lithium Disilicate ◽

Hydrothermal Aging ◽

Cubic Zirconia ◽

Color Changes ◽

Varying Thickness ◽

Before And After ◽

Parameter Values

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of varying thickness and artificial aging on the color and translucency of cubic zirconia and lithium disilicate ceramics. Material and Methods: A total of 30 square shaped disks (12 mm x 12 mm) were fabricated from the cubic zirconia (Bruxzir Anterior) blank and lithium disilicate blocks (E.max CAD), used in three thicknesses (0.5mm, 0.8mm and 1mm). Portable spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade Advance was used to obtain color coordinates, which were substituted in formulas and used to calculate color change and translucency parameter values before and after aging (thermocycling for lithium disilicate and hydrothermal aging for cubic zirconia). Repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to study the effect of ceramic type, thickness, aging and their interaction on mean translucency parameter. Two-way (ANOVA) was used to study the effect of ceramic type, thickness and their interaction on mean color change (E). Results: Statistical analysis showed that E.max CAD HT is more translucent than Bruxzir Anterior. Translucency decreased as thickness increased. There was a statistically significant decrease in TP after aging for both materials. Lithium disilicate showed statistically significant greater E when subjected to aging than cubic zirconia, with both E values being clinically imperceptible. As thickness increased, E decreased. Conclusions: Thickness highly affected translucency and color of ceramics. As thickness increases, translucency parameter decreases and color change becomes less evident. Aging also causes a significant decrease in translucency parameter and induces color change however color changes are imperceptible. Keywords Aging; Ceramics; Color; Translucency.

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Can ozone or violet light improve the color change or physicochemical properties of hydrogen peroxide-bleached tooth?

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440202104002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 19-30

Author(s):

Nayara Rodrigues Nascimento Oliveira Tavares ◽

Alexia da Mata Galvão ◽

Lia Dietrich ◽

Roberta Furtado Carvalho ◽

Robinson Sabino Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Color Change ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Color Changes ◽

Violet Light ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Measure Anova ◽

Before And After ◽

To Receive

Abstract: This study investigated the bleaching effectiveness and the physicochemical effects on enamel of violet light and ozone, associate or not to hydrogen peroxide, compared to 35%-hydrogen peroxide. Enamel-dentin blocks from human molars were randomly allocated to receive one of the following bleaching protocols (n=15): (HP) 35%-hydrogen peroxide, (VL) violet light, (OZ) ozone, the association between hydrogen peroxide with ozone (OZ+HP) or violet light (VL+HP). All protocols were performed in two sessions with a 48h interval. Color (spectrophotometer) and mineral composition (Raman spectroscopy) were measured before and after the bleaching. Color changes were calculated by ΔEab, ΔE00, and whitening index (WI). The surface roughness was measured with an atomic force microscope. Data were analyzed by One-way or Two-way repeated measure ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). The lowest color change values (either measured by WI, ΔEab, or ΔE00) were observed for VL and OZ used with no HP. Violet light associate with HP was unable to improve the color changes observed for the peroxide alone, in combination with OZ and HP, the highest color changes were verified. Regardless of bleaching protocol, the bleached enamel presented higher contents of PO4 and CO3 -2 than those observed at baseline. All bleaching protocols resulted in similar enamel surface roughness. Both the VL and the OZ caused reduced effects on the enamel color change when used alone. The ozone therapy improved the bleaching effect in the group that received the association of HP.

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Nonprescription Bleaching versus Home Bleaching with Professional Prescriptions: Which One is Safer? A Comprehensive Review of Color Changes and Their Side Effects on Human Enamel

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1700659 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (04) ◽

pp. 589-598

Author(s):

Farhana Omar ◽

Zuryati Ab-Ghani ◽

Normastura Abd Rahman ◽

Mohamad Syahrizal Halim

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Microscopic Appearance ◽

Significance Level ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Colorimetric Measurement ◽

Color Changes ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Human Enamel ◽

Before And After

Abstract Objectives This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of the professionally prescribed and nonprescription over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching agents. Materials and Methods Extracted human upper central incisors were prepared and stained with red wine for 14 days before being subjected to four different bleaching agents: professionally prescribed opalescence PF 15%, VOCO Perfect Bleach 10%, nonprescription OTC Crest 3D Whitestrips, and Whitelight Teeth Whitening System. Colorimetric measurement was performed with Vita Easyshade Handheld Spectrophotometer, enamel surface microhardness measured using Vickers Hardness machine, and surface roughness was evaluated with profilometer, before and after bleaching. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation and atomic force microscopy were conducted postbleaching. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed with t-test, two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Turkey’s test at a significance level of 5%. Results All bleaching products have the same efficacy to whiten stained enamel. Opalescence PF 15% showed significant increase in the microhardness (92.69 ± 68.316). All groups demonstrated significant increase in surface roughness (p < 0.05). SEM evaluation showed that Opalescence PF 15% resulted in same microscopic appearance as unbleached enamel, while VOCO Perfect Bleach 10%, Whitelight Teeth Whitening System and Crest 3D Whitestrips demonstrated mild to moderate irregularities and accentuated irregularities, respectively. Conclusion Professionally prescribed bleaching agent of Opalescence PF 15% is effective tin whitening the teeth, while the other bleaching products may be effective but also have deleterious effects on the enamel.

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Investigation of the effect of light fastness on the color changes of maps prepared by electrophotographic digital printing

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.1515/npprj-2021-0059 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Zafer Özomay ◽

Çağla Koşak Söz ◽

Sinan Sönmez

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Digital Printing ◽

Light Fastness ◽

Color Changes ◽

Before And After ◽

Printing System ◽

Different Color ◽

Coated Surfaces ◽

Electrophotographic Printing ◽

Effect Of Light

Abstract In this study the prints were made on paper substrates, which were thought as map substrate alternatives, with 3 different surface properties at 1200 dpi by using the electrophotographic printing system. Color and gloss values of the samples were determined both before and after exposure to light for a period of 42 hours to determine the light fastness of the substrate and the print on it. The studies revealed that after the light fastness tests (i) the width of the color universe of the papers with matte surfaces is more than that of the papers with glossy surfaces, (ii) the loss of brightness of woodfree paper is higher than that of the other paper samples and (iii) the print chroma values obtained in woodfree paper is lower than those of the coated surfaces. Moreover, (iv) the delta E 00 {E_{00}} measurements revealed that all paper samples experienced different color losses in different colors, and the most significant differences in these color losses were in magenta and black.

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