Investigation of the effect of light fastness on the color changes of maps prepared by electrophotographic digital printing

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafer Özomay ◽  
Çağla Koşak Söz ◽  
Sinan Sönmez
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Digital Printing ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Printing System ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
Electrophotographic Printing ◽  
Effect Of Light

Abstract In this study the prints were made on paper substrates, which were thought as map substrate alternatives, with 3 different surface properties at 1200 dpi by using the electrophotographic printing system. Color and gloss values of the samples were determined both before and after exposure to light for a period of 42 hours to determine the light fastness of the substrate and the print on it. The studies revealed that after the light fastness tests (i) the width of the color universe of the papers with matte surfaces is more than that of the papers with glossy surfaces, (ii) the loss of brightness of woodfree paper is higher than that of the other paper samples and (iii) the print chroma values obtained in woodfree paper is lower than those of the coated surfaces. Moreover, (iv) the delta E 00 {E_{00}} measurements revealed that all paper samples experienced different color losses in different colors, and the most significant differences in these color losses were in magenta and black.

scholarly journals Mathematics and practice of color space invariants by the example of determining the gray balance for a digital printing system

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Tarasov ◽  
O.B. Milder
Keyword(s):  
Color Space ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Digital Printing ◽  
Mutual Transformation ◽  
Color Spaces ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Printing System ◽  
Cie Lab ◽  
Electrophotographic Printing ◽  
Spatial Curves

In modern printing, a large number of tasks are associated with the mutual transformation of color spaces. In particular, the most common pair of hardware-dependent color spaces is RGB and CMYK, the mutual transformation of colors in which is ambiguous, which creates significant problems in color reproduction. To solve this problem, we propose using color space invariants — gradation trajectories and gradation surfaces, which are analogs of gradation curves for initial colorants and their binary overlays, constructed in the absolute color space of the CIE Lab. Invariants are introduced on the basis of the mathematical apparatus of the differential geometry of spatial curves and surfaces. Practical application of color space invariants involves certain difficulties associated with their complex analytical description; moreover, for most practical problems, the high accuracy of the model is redundant. For the practical application of invariants, we propose a simpler approach using natural color sampling in digital printing systems. As an example, the procedure for determining the gray balance for an electrophotographic printing press is given.

scholarly journals Lyocell Fabric Dyed with Natural Dye Extracted from Marigold Flower Using Metallic Salts

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Sayed Yaseen Rashdi ◽  
Tayyab Naveed ◽  
Noor Sanbhal ◽  
Sikandar Almani ◽  
Peng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metallic Salts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Shade Depth

AbstractThe application of natural dyes is increasing each year due to their environmental friendliness and easy application on cellulose fibers. In this study, the natural dye from the Mexican marigold flower was extracted using a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. The extracted natural dye was applied on lyocell fabric with five different metallic salts using pre-mordanting and post-mordanting methods. It was observed that different color shade depth was achieved with different fixing agents. The color shade depth (K/S) washing fastness, light fastness, rubbing fastness, perspiration, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) test results of all dyed samples were excellent in both pre- and post-mordanting methods. There was no significant difference in the results between post- and pre-mordanting fixation methods. However, the results showed that mordant ferrous sulfate had higher K/S value as compared to all other mordants. The dye extracted from marigold flower showed good dyeing efficiency with mordant to excellent colorfastness tests. FTIR results showed that there was no structural change in lyocell fabrics, before and after dyeing processes. Thus, a natural dye extracted from marigold flower has shown good colorfastness properties without damaging its fiber structure.

Exploratory investigation of color changes in paints induced by broadband synchrotron radiation

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. O. Bawagan ◽  
M. Sabaye-Moghaddam ◽  
K. H. Tan ◽  
B. W. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
Aluminum Surfaces ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

Changes in color of coated (painted) aluminum surfaces exposed to broad-band synchrotron radiation (10–2000 eV) are investigated as a function of radiation dose (N). Quantitative color differences [Formula: see text] before and after exposure are obtained from spectral diffuse reflectance measurements using the standard CIELAB formula. The results indicate that the dose–response curve of the color-coated surfaces at large photon doses can be described as [Formula: see text] where d is a material-dependent constant.

Arthroscopy in Arthrosis: Is It Worth it? A case Presentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2232-2235
Author(s):  
Marius Moga ◽  
Mark Edward Pogarasteanu ◽  
Antoine Edu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Loose Body ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Joint Range

The role of arthroscopy in incipient and mild arthrosis, even combined with proximal tibial ostetomy, is well known and well documented. On the other hand, its role in the treatment of advanced arthrosis of the large joints, especially the knee, is a subject of controversy. The proponents of the use of arthroscopy in advanced arthrosis claim that meniscectomy, synovectomy, ostophytectomy, chondral lesion stabilization, arthroscopic release, plica and loose body removal greatly improve the quality of life for most patients, especially if followed by the use of viscoelastic injection, by diminishing pain and improving joint range of motion. The opponents claim that, even though the advantages are clear in the cases that refuse arthroplasty, in all the other cases the surgical indication should be total knee arthroplasty, as the clinical relief is temporary, but with all the risks of a surgical intervention. We have conducted an overview of the recent literature, in order to find objective evidence to sustain either point of view. We focused on articles published that included an objective measurement of before and after clinical status through clinical scores and objective measurements. We also focused on the follow-up period and on the evolution of the pathology after arthroscopy.

Antimicrobial Effect of 940 nm Diode Laser based on Photolysis of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2081-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alin Alexandru Odor ◽  
Edwin Sever Bechir ◽  
Deborah Violant ◽  
Victoria Badea
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Before And After

Moderate and severe periodontitis represents a challenge in the non-surgical periodontal therapy. Due to the lack of evidence regarding the antimicrobial effectiveness of 940 nm diode laser in periodontal treatment, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photolysis performed with 940 nm diode laser in the treatment of moderate and severe periodontitis. Twenty-five patients with 100 teeth were selected for this pilot study. The test teeth were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups: Group 1: scaling and root planning (SRP) (control group); and the following experimental groups: Group 2: H2O2; Group 3: 940 nm diode laser therapy; Group 4: 940 nm diode laser therapy and H2O2. Clinical examinations, like probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed before and after the treatment. The microbiological evaluation, effectuated before and after the treatment, included nine periodontal bacteria species and investigated by means of real-time PCR assay. The clinical and bacterial differences in the tested groups, was assessed between control group and the other three experimental groups, as well as between the experimental groups. The total bacteria load was reduced for all four studied groups. Group 4 (diode laser + H2O2) showed significant bacterial reduction of the major periodontal bacteria like Pg., Tf., Td., Pi., Pm., Fn (p[0.001) than the other 3 groups (p]0.001). Also the periodontal clinical parameters, like PD, CAL and BOP showed a significant reduction after the photolysis of H2O2 with the 940 nm diode laser (p[0.001). Differences between tested groups showed a significant beneficial results in regard to Group 4.It is suggested that the photoactivation of H2O2 with the 940 nm diode laser can be used successfully in adjunctive to the non-surgical periodontal treatment as a bactericidal tool.

scholarly journals Molecularly imprinted electrospun fiber membrane for colorimetric detection of hexanoic acid

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 500-510
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Ying ◽  
Jieyuan He ◽  
Xiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Hexanoic Acid ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Imagej Software

Abstract An imprinted electrospun fiber membrane was developed for the detection of volatile organic acids, which are key components of human body odor. In this study, hexanoic acid (HA) was selected as the target, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as the substrate, and colorimetric detection of HA was achieved by a bromocresol purple (BCP) chromogenic agent. The results showed that the morphology of the fiber membrane was uniform and continuous, and it showed excellent selectivity and specificity to HA. Photographs of the color changes before and after fiber membrane adsorption were recorded by a camera and quantified by ImageJ software by the difference in gray value (ΔGray). This method is simple, intuitive, and low cost and has great potential for application in human odor analysis.

scholarly journals Management of chronic periodontitis: an interdisciplinary approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Sneha Dani ◽  
Savitha A.N ◽  
Kenneth Tan ◽  
Anand Naik ◽  
Charan Chhatrala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Before And After

Objective: In recent years, advances in technique as well as a growing public interest in developing and maintaining a healthy and attractive smile, has resulted in a greater understanding of the interrelationships between periodontics and orthodontics. The primary objective of periodontal therapy is to restore and maintain the health and integrity of the attachment apparatus of teeth. In adults, the loss of teeth or periodontal support can result in pathological teeth migration involving either a single tooth or a group of teeth. This may result in the development of a diastema, incisal proclination, rotation with collapse of the posterior occlusion.Materials and methods: This case report is of a 32 year old female patient who reported with swollen gums, generalized spacing between the teeth and extruded upper anterior tooth. Periodontal therapy followed by fixed orthodontic therapy was planned.Results: At the end of 2 years a stable healthy periodontium was established that was both functional and esthetic.Conclusion: Adjunctive orthodontic therapy is often necessary for successful restoration of periodontal health. On the other hand, successful orthodontic treatment will depend on the periodontal preparation before and after treatment and the maintenance of periodontal health throughout all phases of mechano-therapy.

Effect of thromboxane antagonists on ozone-induced airway responses in dogs

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 880-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Jones ◽  
C. G. Lane ◽  
P. M. O'Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Thromboxane Receptor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Airway Responses ◽  
Control Infusion

Airway hyperresponsiveness after inhaled ozone in dogs may occur as a result of thromboxane release in the airway. In this study, two thromboxane receptor antagonists, L-655,240 and L-670,596, were used in doses that inhibit the response to an inhaled thromboxane mimetic, U-46619, to determine further the role of thromboxane in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Dogs were studied on 2 days separated by 1 wk. On each day, the dogs inhaled ozone (3 ppm) for 30 min. On one randomly assigned day, 10 dogs received an infusion of L-655,240 (5 mg.kg-1.h-1) and 5 dogs received an infusion of L-670,596 (1 mg.kg-1.h-1); on the other day dogs received a control infusion. Airway responses to doubling doses of acetylcholine were measured before and after inhalation of ozone and were expressed as the concentration of acetylcholine giving a rise in resistance of 5 cmH2O.l-1.s from baseline (acetylcholine provocation concentration). The development of airway hyperresponsiveness after ozone was not inhibited by the thromboxane antagonists. The mean log difference in the acetylcholine provocative concentration before and after ozone on the L-655,240 treatment day was 0.62 +/- 0.12 (SE) and on the control day was 0.71 +/- 0.12 (P = 0.48); on the L-670,596 treatment day the mean log difference was 0.68 +/- 0.15 (SE) and on the control day it was 0.75 +/- 0.19 (P = 0.45). These results do not support an important role for thromboxane in causing ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.

scholarly journals Color-Binding Errors During Rivalrous Suppression of Form

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1084-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Wook Hong ◽  
Steven K. Shevell
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Stimulus ◽  
Physical Stimulation ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Perceptual Alternation ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Binding Errors

How does a physical stimulus determine a conscious percept? Binocular rivalry provides useful insights into this question because constant physical stimulation during rivalry causes different visual experiences. For example, presentation of vertical stripes to one eye and horizontal stripes to the other eye results in a percept that alternates between horizontal and vertical stripes. Presentation of a different color to each eye (color rivalry) produces alternating percepts of the two colors or, in some cases, a color mixture. The experiments reported here reveal a novel and instructive resolution of rivalry for stimuli that differ in both form and color: perceptual alternation between the rivalrous forms (e.g., horizontal or vertical stripes), with both eyes' colors seen simultaneously in separate parts of the currently perceived form. Thus, the colors presented to the two eyes (a) maintain their distinct neural representations despite resolution of form rivalry and (b) can bind separately to distinct parts of the perceived form.

Soil water dynamics after fire in a Portuguese shrubland

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim S. Silva ◽  
Francisco C. Rego ◽  
Stefano Mazzoleni
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Before And After

This paper presents a study where soil water content (SW) was measured before and after an experimental fire in a shrubland dominated by Erica scoparia L. in Portugal. Two plots were established: one was kept as a control plot and the other was burned by an experimental fire in June 2001. Measurements were taken before fire (2000), and after fire (2001, 2002, and 2003) at six depths down to 170 cm, from June to December. Measurements before fire allowed comparison of the two plots in terms of the SW differential, using 2000 as a reference. Results for 2001 showed that SW decreased less during the drying season (June–September) and increased more during the wetting season (October–December) in the burned plot than in the control plot. The magnitude of these effects decreased consistently in 2002 and 2003, especially at surface layers. The maximum gain of SW for the total profile in the burned plot was estimated as 105.5 mm in 2001, 70.2 mm in 2002, and 35.6 mm in 2003. The present paper discusses the mechanisms responsible for the increase in SW taking into account the characteristics of the plant community, including the root distribution, and the results of other studies.

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