In Identifying the Source of the Incongruent Effect

Emotional signals from the face and body are normally perceived as an integrated whole in everyday life. Previous studies have revealed an incongruent effect which refers to distinctive behavioral and neural responses to emotionally congruent versus incongruent face-body compounds. However, it remains unknown which kind of the face-body compounds caused the incongruence effect. In the present study, we added neutral face and neutral body stimuli to form new face-body compounds. Forty subjects with normal or corrected-to-normal vision participated in this experiment. By comparing the face-body compounds with emotional conflict and face-body compounds with neutral stimuli, we could investigate the source of the incongruent effect. For both behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data, a 2 (bodily expression: happiness, fear) × 2 (congruence: congruent, incongruent) repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to re-investigate the incongruent effect and a 3 (facial expression: fearful, happy, neutral) × 3 (bodily expression: fearful, happy, neutral) repeated-measure ANOVA was performed to clarify the source of the incongruent effect. As expected, both behavioral and ERP results have successfully repeated the incongruent effect. Specifically, the behavioral data showed that emotionally congruent versus incongruent face-body compounds were recognized more accurately ( p < .05). The ERP component of N2 was modulated by the emotional congruency between the facial and bodily expression showing that the emotionally incongruent compounds elicited greater N2 amplitudes than emotionally congruent compounds ( p < .05). No incongruent effect was found for P1 or P3 component ( p = .079, p = .99, respectively). Furthermore, by comparing the emotionally incongruent pairs with the neutral baseline, the present study suggests that the source of the incongruent effect might be from the happy face-fearful body compounds. We speculate that the emotion expressed by the fearful body was much more intensive than the emotion expressed by the happy body and thus caused a stronger interference in judging the facial expressions.

Comparison of the effectiveness of Aloe Vera gel with 2% Nitrofurazone ointment on the healing of superficial partial-thickness burns: A randomized clinical trial study

Background & Aim: Routine treatment of burn injuries is dressing with Nitrofurazone ointment. It has several complications, including sensitivity. Aloe Vera is a traditional treatment for wound healing. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Aloe Vera gel with Nitrofurazone ointment in the healing of superficial partial-thickness burns. Methods & Materials: The present study was a split body controlled clinical trial which was carried out on 30 patients with superficial partial-thickness burns. The study was conducted in the Shafa Hospital in Kerman, Iran, in 2016. The sample was recruited from patients who had at least two burns, each burn on an alternate side of the body. On their burns, samples were allocated to two groups that received Aloe Vera gel or 2% Nitrofurazone ointment. Bates-Jensen Wound assessment tool was used to evaluate the healing of burns. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS-16 and using the repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The repeated measure ANOVA showed that there was a significant change in the score of BWAT in all areas during the intervention period (p=0.001), but the trend of healing in the two groups during the intervention period was not significantly different (p=0.098). Conclusion: Based on this study, it looks like Aloe vera gel is as effective as 2% Nitrofurazone ointment in healing wounds.

Effectiveness of the Nasal Creator Device after Cheiloplasty in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate as Measured by 3D Stereophotogrammetry

Objective: To evaluate nostril morphology post-cheiloplasty after patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) use of the nasal creator device. Study Design: This is a prospective study. Sixteen patients with nonsyndromic UCLP treated at Khon Kaen University underwent cheiloplasty and then wear the nasal creator device for 6 months. Three-dimensional images were taken, from which 5 lines and 8 landmark points were evaluated prior to (T0) and 1 day (T1), 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4) after cheiloplasty. A Repeated Measure ANOVA was used to evaluate nostril changes between time periods and a paired t-test was used to compare values between the affected and non-affected side at T4 (P &lt; .05). Results: On the affected side, the nostril height significantly increased from T0 (2.46±0.89 mm) to T4 (4.22±1.03 mm), and the nostril width significantly decreased from T0 (9.46±2.57 mm) to T4 (7.34±1.41 mm). On the non-affected side, the nostril height significantly increased from T0 (3.39±0.78 mm) to T4 (4.65±1.07 mm), and the nostril width was not significantly different from T0 (6.00±1.25 mm) to T4 (6.59±0.95 mm). The alar base width was not significantly different between T0 (30.18±2.72 mm) and T4 (29.82±1.69 mm). Nostril height and width were not significantly different by T4 when comparing the affected and non-affected sides. Conclusion: Using nasal creator device for 6 months significantly increased the nostril height and decreased nostril width and alar base width after cheiloplasty.

Melatonin Supplementation and Anthropometric Indices: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial

Obesity, as the most common metabolic disorder in the world, is characterized by excess body fat. This study is aimed at determining the effects of melatonin supplementation on body weight, nody mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat mass percentage (BFMP) in people with overweight or obesity. Thirty eight overweight or class-I obese adult individuals were recruited in the study (8 men and 30 women). Participants prescribed a weight-loss diet and then randomly were allocated to melatonin or placebo groups. Participants received either a 3-milligram melatonin or placebo tablet per day for 12 weeks. In order to assess differences at the significance level of 0.05, repeated measure ANOVA and paired t -test were used. According to the results, a significant reduction was found in participants’ body weight, WC, and BMI in both groups ( p = 0.001 ). However, for the last six weeks, significant reductions of these parameters were observed only in the melatonin group ( p = 0.01 ). The BFMP of participants in the melatonin group showed a significant reduction at the end of the study compared to the initial measurements ( p = 0.008 ). Nevertheless, the results of the present study alone are not sufficient to conclude on the effects of melatonin consumption on anthropometric indices, and it seems that further studies are required in this regard.

Can ozone or violet light improve the color change or physicochemical properties of hydrogen peroxide-bleached tooth?

This study investigated the bleaching effectiveness and the physicochemical effects on enamel of violet light and ozone, associate or not to hydrogen peroxide, compared to 35%-hydrogen peroxide. Enamel-dentin blocks from human molars were randomly allocated to receive one of the following bleaching protocols (n=15): (HP) 35%-hydrogen peroxide, (VL) violet light, (OZ) ozone, the association between hydrogen peroxide with ozone (OZ+HP) or violet light (VL+HP). All protocols were performed in two sessions with a 48h interval. Color (spectrophotometer) and mineral composition (Raman spectroscopy) were measured before and after the bleaching. Color changes were calculated by ΔEab, ΔE00, and whitening index (WI). The surface roughness was measured with an atomic force microscope. Data were analyzed by One-way or Two-way repeated measure ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). The lowest color change values (either measured by WI, ΔEab, or ΔE00) were observed for VL and OZ used with no HP. Violet light associate with HP was unable to improve the color changes observed for the peroxide alone, in combination with OZ and HP, the highest color changes were verified. Regardless of bleaching protocol, the bleached enamel presented higher contents of PO4 and CO3 -2 than those observed at baseline. All bleaching protocols resulted in similar enamel surface roughness. Both the VL and the OZ caused reduced effects on the enamel color change when used alone. The ozone therapy improved the bleaching effect in the group that received the association of HP.

Comparing the Effects of Lavender Oil and Olive Oil Massage on Pain due to Muscular Cramp during Hemodialysis

Background: Pain due to muscular cramp during hemodialysis is one of the most common problems experienced by patient undergoing hemodialysis, and is associated with poor outcomes of patients. The main aim of this study was to comparing the effects of lavender oil and olive oil massage on Pain due to muscular cramp during hemodialysis. Methods: In this random clinical trial, 60 hemodialysis patients were enrolled randomly and allocated to two groups with 30 members in Lordegan and Brojen hospitals, Shahrekord, Iran. The intervention included flora massage on the lower leg muscles so that the first group received olive oil massage (10 drops) and the second group received lavender oil massage (10 drops) for four weeks. After a tow week washout period, the groups were interchanged. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS (v.22) using repeated measure ANOVA and paired t-test. Findings: Pain due to muscular cramp in the lavender group was significantly less than that of the olive oil group in the 2nd (p<0.001), 3rd (p<0.001), and 4th (P<0.019) weeks of intervention. Conclusion: Pain due to muscular cramp in hemodialysis patients can be attenuated with lower leg massage using olive oil and lavender oil. Lavender oil was more effective than olive oil.

DEVELOPING A TEACHING-LEARNING MODEL TO ENHANCE AUTONOMOUS PTKIN LEARNERS

The study intends to develop a teaching model to foster Indonesian students to be autonomous learners. The study is participatory action research with a mixed method. The research subjects were English department students of State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Tulungagung and IAIN Kediri taking Writing 1. The instrument was adapted from an established mechanism to meet the purpose of the study. The researcher analyzed the Quantitative data through correlated t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and thematic content analysis. There were eight stages in the survey: identifying needs, setting goals, planning to learn, selecting resources, selecting learning strategies, practice, monitoring progress, and assessment and revision. These all stages were designed and determined together by the teachers and students. The results reveal that there are four main stages to enhance the students' autonomy in writing. The first is freewriting, in which the students wrote a paragraph freely on any topic they liked. Having finished this first draft, they were to self-check their work based on some criteria provided. The second is peer correction, in which they exchanged their work with their peers (peer correction) to gain some suggestion, discipline, and comments. The third is edited free-writing. Having got some advice, revision, and comments from peers, they started to revise their work. The last is the final copy. In this stage, they were to have a final self-check. Statistical analysis also reveals that this strategy significantly increases the students' learning autonomy

Evaluation of stereoacuity with a digital mobile application

Purpose Stereopsis is a fundamental skill in human vision and visual actions. There are many ways to test and quantify stereoacuity: traditional paper and new digital applications are both valid ways to test the stereoacuity. The aim of this study is to compare the results obtained using standard tests and the new Stereoacuity Test App developed by the University of Bergamo. Methods A group of 497 children (272 males), aged between 6 and 11 years old, were tested using different tests for the quantification of stereopsis at near. These tests were TNO, Weiss EKW, and the new developed Stereoacuity Test App. Results A one-way repeated measure ANOVA showed that the three tests give different thresholds of stereoacuity (p < 0.0001). Post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction showed that all tests showed different thresholds (p < 0.0001). The lower threshold was obtained by Titmus Stereo Test followed by Stereoacuity App, Weiss MKW, and TNO. Conclusion The stereoacuity based on global stereopsis showed that the better values were obtained in order by Stereoacuity Test App, TNO, and Weiss EKW. However, the clinical significance of their values is similar. The new digital test showed a greater compliance by the child, showing itself in tune with the digital characteristics of today’s children.

Comparative evaluation of soft and hard splints in treatment of clenching disorder

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of soft and hard splints in treating patients with clenching. Materials and Methods: In this clinical study, 26 patients with clenching disorder random- ly divided to two equal group of treatment: hard and soft splint. The amount of masticatory muscle pain and maximum mouth opening were measured at the delivery time and 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks later by a blind examiner. Data were analyzed by independent T and repeated measure ANOVA tests with significance level of p=0.05. Results: Hard and soft splints were resulted in significant reduction of masticatory muscle pain (hard: P<0.001, Soft: p<0.001) and increase in maximum opening (hard P<0.001, Soft p<0.003), but there was no significant difference between them in pain relieving (P=0.848) and maximum opening (P=0.622). Conclusion: This study showed that efficacy of hard and soft splints in treating patients with clenching is same.

The effect of acceptance and commitment based on the fear of delivery pain- A randomized educational trial study

Background and Aim: Pregnancy due to physiological and psychological changes can affect the mental health of mothers. This study aims to investigate the Approach of acceptance and commitment based on the fear of delivery pain. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized educational trial with a commitment-based treatment approach that was performed on pregnant women in Arak in 2016-2017. After obtaining written consent forms, 42 subjects were selected through the available sampling method. Subjects were grouped in the intervention group (ACT) and in the control group. Eight 90-minute sessions were held for 8 consecutive weeks of counseling Fear of delivery pain at 10 and one month after the intervention was measured in 2 groups by the Likert scale of pain (1-7) score. Data analysis was performed through repeated measure ANOVA by using SPSS (Version 18). Results: Results showed that the mean pain immediately after the intervention was 2.52±2.20 in the intervention group and 4.66±1.80 in the control group. Which is a month later in the intervention group compared to the control group had a significant decrease (3.52±1.81 vs. 4.52±2.30) (P=0.001). Conclusion: In this study, counseling with the approach of acceptance and commitment reduction the fear of delivery pain, which is the most important reason for choosing cesarean section in women, Therefore, it seems that empowering midwives to counseling approaches can be useful to improve maternal care during pregnancy, especially in the administration of delivery preparation classes.