Effects of Grapevine Red Blotch Disease on Cabernet franc Vine Physiology, Bud Hardiness, and Fruit and Wine Quality

Aims: To study the impact of soil-type, grapevine variety and rootstock on grape yield and wine quality in prestigious estates located in the Bordeaux area (France).Methods and results: High-resolution soil maps (scale: 1/3000th) were created for seven prestigious red wine-producing estates in Bordeaux, covering a total area of approximately 400 ha. Soil-type, rootstocks and grapevine varieties were recorded for each vineyard block. A Quality Index was created by considering the destination of the grapes produced in each block, whether they were integrated in the first, the second or the third quality wine produced by the estate. Quality Index was averaged over five vintages. Yield was also measured for each vineyard block and averaged over five vintages. PEYROSOL (gravelly soil) was the most frequent soiltype in these estates (45% of the total mapped area). Soils with temporary waterlogging (REDOXISOL), heavy clay soils (PLANOSOL) and sandygravelly soils (BRUNISOL) covered around 10% of the mapped area each. Highest quality was obtained on PLANOSOLS, ARENOSOLS (sandy soils), BRUNISOLS and PEYROSOLS. Quality was low on COLLUVIOSOLS (deep soils on colluvium), LUVISOLS (leached acidic soils) and REDUCTISOLS (soils with permanent waterlogging). Cabernet- Sauvignon was the dominant grapevine variety (59% of the mapped area), followed by Merlot (32%), Cabernet franc (8%) and Petit Verdot (1%). On average, the Quality Index was higher for Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot compared with Cabernet franc and Petit Verdot. Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM) was by far the most used rootstock. It covered 45% of the mapped area. Including 3309C and 420A, these three rootstocks covered 75% of the total acreage planted in these estates. Highest quality wine was produced with 420A, RGM, 3309C and Gravesac. Highest yields were obtained with 161-49C, 101-14 MG, RGM, SO4 and 420A.Conclusions: Soil, grapevine variety and rootstock have a major impact on yield and wine quality in prestigious Bordeaux wine producing estates.Significance and impact of the study: Assessment of a Quality Index by soil-type, cultivar and rootstock can indicate which combinations of soiltype, cultivar and rootstock would best optimise quality performance in Bordeaux vineyards.

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The influence of bird netting on yield and fruit, juice, and wine composition of Vitis vinifera L.

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2013.47.1.1536 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Vinay Pagay ◽

Andrew G. Reynolds ◽

K. Helen Fisher

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Growing Season ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Positive Finding ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Cabernet Franc ◽

Wine Composition ◽

Migratory Patterns ◽

The Impact

Aims: To investigate the impact of semi-permanent bird netting and timing of its application on Cabernet franc grapevine yield components and fruit, juice, and wine composition.Methods and results: Semi-permanent bird netting was installed over Cabernet franc grapevines at various times – post-bloom, bunch closure, and veraison – of the 2004 growing season in the Niagara Peninsula of Canada. At harvest, vine yield components were measured followed by berry and must compositional analysis of soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity (TA), color, and polyphenols. Wines made from these grapes were also analyzed (pH, TA, color, and polyphenols). It was found that installation of bird netting over grapevines had minimal effect on yield components and berry composition regardless of when the nets were installed. Must composition revealed significant decreases in soluble solids, pH, and color as a result of the netting, the least impact being when the nets were applied at post-bloom. Wine composition was similar to the must data with the netted treatments resulting in lower pH, higher TA, and decreased color. Total anthocyanins and polyphenols were slightly reduced as a result of the netting.Conclusions: Minimal impact of bird netting on yield, fruit, must and wine quality is a positive finding since netting is becoming more prevalent in vineyards worldwide due to changing migratory patterns of birds. It is recommended that netting be applied around post-bloom for the ease of application, to minimize shading effects, which could lead to decreased fruit quality, and to maintain yield.Significance and impact of the study: Use of bird netting is becoming more prevalent by grape growers worldwide due to changing migratory patterns of birds that feed on grapes. This study shows that bird netting is not detrimental to yield and fruit and wine quality especially when applied early in the growing season.

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Behaviour of the Cabernet Franc grapevine variety in various « terroirs » of the Loire Valley. Influence of the precocity on the composition of the harvested grapes for a normal climatic year (example of the year 1988)

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.1998.32.2.1050 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gérard Barbeau ◽

René Morlat ◽

Christian Asselin ◽

A. Jacquet ◽

C. Pinard

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Research Programme ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Cabernet Franc ◽

Loire Valley

In the framework of a research programme on the “ terroirs ” in viticulture, a red of experimental plots was established in the Loire Valley area in 1978 with the Cabernet Franc variety. In 1988, eleven of those plots were given an intensive follow-up, with special emphasis on the phenological stages, the growth and development of the vegetative apparatus and the composition of the grapes at harvest time. After a few years, we can consider that 1988 was an average year for the last fifteen vintages, both on the climatic side and on the wine quality side. Therefore it seems to be justified to use the data of that particular year to study the “ terroir ” effect on the composition of the grapes. The results show important differences between “ terroirs ” in terms of precocity of the phenological stages, stems growth, setting of the leaf area, vigour and productivity of the plants. These differences are found also during the maturity process and at harvest time ; sugars, organic acids, anthocyanins and polyphenols are concerned. An index for measuring the precocity of the grapevine cycle on each “ terroir ” is used to compare the “ terroirs ” and to establish relationships with the composition of the grapes at harvest time. Through the analysis of the data, it is possible to distinguish two groups of factors which determine the behaviour of grapevine in a given “ terroir ”. The first one is related to the precocity of the cycle of the plant ; it influences the quality of the grapes at harvest time. The second is related to the vigour ; it is linked to the productivity of the plants.and the acidity of the must. The level of development of the primary leaf area at flowering time seems to play an important role in relation with the composition of the grapes in sugars, organic acids and anthocyanins ; the earlier the flowering, the better the relationship.

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Impact of Clonal Variability in Vitis vinifera Cabernet franc on Grape Composition, Wine Quality, Leaf Blade Stilbene Content, and Downy Mildew Resistance

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf304687c ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Cornelis van Leeuwen ◽

Jean-Philippe Roby ◽

Virginia Alonso-Villaverde ◽

Katia Gindro

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Downy Mildew ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Downy Mildew Resistance ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Mildew Resistance ◽

Cabernet Franc ◽

Clonal Variability

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Effect of Closure, Packaging and Storage Conditions on Impact Odorants of Wine

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/1104-cjfs ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽

pp. S62-S65 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. J Pickering ◽

A. Blake ◽

Y. Kotseridis

Keyword(s):

Storage Temperature ◽

Isoamyl Acetate ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Cabernet Franc ◽

Temperature Conditions ◽

Bottle Aging ◽

Phenethyl Acetate ◽

And Storage ◽

Over Time

3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines (MPs) represent an important and potent class of odor-active compounds associated with wine quality. 30 ng/l each of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine, 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine and 3-secbutyl-2-methoxypyrazine were added to a Riesling and Cabernet Franc wine and monitored with HS-SPME-GC-MS over 18 months to investigate the effects of various closure and packaging options as well as light and storage temperature on MPs. Other impact odorants were monitored using SPE-GC-FID. Changes in MP concentrations during bottle aging varied with closure/packaging option, with the greatest decrease evident in Tetrapak® cartons. We observed similar changes in other impact odorants to previous studies, with synthetic corks displaying an increased capacity for sorption compared to natural corks and screwcaps. MPs did not vary consistently over time with light or temperature conditions. Acetate esters decreased, regardless of light or temperature conditions, while phenethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate decreased at a greater rate in ambient temperature conditions compared with 12°C. Free and bound SO2 retention was higher in light-excluded conditions and influenced by bottle hue.

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Wine grape quality of grapevines grown in the cerrado ecoregion of Brazil

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2011.45.2.1486 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Renata Vieira Da Mota ◽

Ana Carolina Favero ◽

Camila Pinheiro Carvalho Silva ◽

Eduardo Purgatto ◽

Tânia Misuzu Shiga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titratable Acidity ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Winter Period ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Wine Grape ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Cabernet Franc ◽

Grape Quality ◽

Minas Gerais State

Aims: Geographical indication plays an important role in the improvement of wine quality. In this context, the search for new grape growing areas has been constant. The São Francisco River Valley in the cerrado of Minas Gerais State (Brazil) has been pointed out in the Geoviticulture Multicriteria Climatic Classification System (MCC System) as a potentially winegrowing region, especially considering the autumn-winter period when night temperatures are favorable to grape ripening. In this work, we studied the maturation curves and fruit composition of four wine grape varieties (Syrah, Merlot, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc) in two growing seasons in order to validate the state of Minas Gerais as a new winegrowing region in Brazil.Methods and results: Quality parameters (berry weight, pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solids) were measured weekly from véraison to harvest, and sugar, organic acid, anthocyanin and phenolic concentrations were determined in must and berry skins and seeds at harvest. Syrah berries showed the highest weight throughout maturation which contributed to higher yield (8.92 ton ha-1), followed closely by Merlot (8.07 ton ha-1). Berry sugar concentrations were higher and malic acid levels were lower than the values usually observed in wine grapes harvested during summer in traditional winegrowing regions in Brazil. Cabernet Franc showed lower levels of anthocyanins and skin phenolics per kg berries and the highest values of seed phenolics, which were not affected by growing season.Conclusion: Weather conditions of the cerrado of Minas Gerais State in Brazil during winter allowed complete maturation of Cabernet-Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot and Syrah cultivars as revealed by the satisfactory sugar, anthocyanin and skin phenolic accumulation.Significance and impact of the study: This study revealed the potential of the cerrado ecoregion in the northeast of Minas Gerais to become a new winemaking region in Brazil.

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Abstracts from Presentations at the ASEV Eastern Section 36th Annual Meeting & National Viticulture Research Conference, 12–14 July 2011, Towson, MarylandCluster Thinning Affects Fruit Composition and Economic Sustainability of RieslingPredicting Harvest Concentration of Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen in Finger Lakes RieslingExogenous ABA and Its Impact on Vine Physiology and Grape Composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon in Wet and Cool SeasonsInfluence of Vine Capacity and Water Status on Wine Quality Attributes of Cabernet SauvignonEffects of Exogenous Abscisic Acid on Fruit Quality, Dormancy, and Cold Hardiness of Cabernet franc and Chambourcin GrapevinesEffects of Early Season Leaf Removal on Fruit Quality and Crop Load in Chambourcin and Cabernet franc GrapevinesEffect of Under-Vine Cover Cropping on Vine and Vineyard Floor Response in Northern and Southern IllinoisLadybug Taint in Wine: Review and New Results on Origin and PreventionThe Terroir of Winter HardinessDefining Sustainable Vine Balance of Cabernet franc in Southern IllinoisClimate-Viticulture Characterizations of Eastern United States: A New Climate Index, the Modified-GSTavgRoot Pruning and Cover Crops Influence Berry CompositionDevelopment of an Interactive Online Decision Support System for Vineyard Site Evaluation and Selection in New York StateCharacterization of Odor-Active Compounds in Grapes and Wines Produced from Non- vinifera Species Important to Grape BreedingCover Crop, Rootstock, and Root Restriction Effects on Cabernet Sauvignon Dormant Bud Cold HardinessRootstock Influence on Vine Performance and Fruit Quality of Red Bordeaux Cultivars in ConnecticutFruit-Zone Light Response Curves for Sensory Compounds in RieslingDesigning Sensory-based Viticulture and Enology Studies in Academic and Commercial FacilitiesTools to Alter Vine Vegetative Growth and Influence Components of Yield and Fruit/Wine CharacteristicsInteractive Effects of Training System and Pruning Severity on Vegetative Growth, Fruit Composition, and Yield of Corot noir GrapevinesImpact of Canopy/Crop-Load Management Practices on Yield, Fruit Composition, Wine Quality, and Consumer Willingness-to-Pay for WinesA Novel MEMS-based Microfluidic Water Potential Sensor for Monitoring of Water Stress in Grapevines and SoilsAssessment of Yeast Nutrient Supplements, Residual Nitrogen in Wine, and Amino Acid Profile in Hybrid Varieties

American Journal of Enology and Viticulture ◽

10.5344/ajev.2011.ea ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 553A-558A

Author(s):

Trent Preszler ◽

Mark Nisbet ◽

Gabriel Balint ◽

Cain Hickey ◽

Yi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Management Practices ◽

Climate Index ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Crop Load ◽

Cabernet Franc ◽

Fruit Composition

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Microbiota of Grapes: Positive and Negative Role on Wine Quality

10.3389/978-2-88945-121-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Wine Quality ◽

Negative Role

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Managing wine quality

10.1533/9781845699987 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Andrew G. Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Wine Quality

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Wineinformatics: Using the Full Power of the Computational Wine Wheel to Understand 21st Century Bordeaux Wines from the Reviews

Beverages ◽

10.3390/beverages7010003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Zeqing Dong ◽

Travis Atkison ◽

Bernard Chen

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

Data Science ◽

Naive Bayes ◽

Science Research ◽

Naïve Bayes ◽

Classification Algorithm ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Research Results ◽

Full Power ◽

Wine Region

Although wine has been produced for several thousands of years, the ancient beverage has remained popular and even more affordable in modern times. Among all wine making regions, Bordeaux, France is probably one of the most prestigious wine areas in history. Since hundreds of wines are produced from Bordeaux each year, humans are not likely to be able to examine all wines across multiple vintages to define the characteristics of outstanding 21st century Bordeaux wines. Wineinformatics is a newly proposed data science research with an application domain in wine to process a large amount of wine data through the computer. The goal of this paper is to build a high-quality computational model on wine reviews processed by the full power of the Computational Wine Wheel to understand 21st century Bordeaux wines. On top of 985 binary-attributes generated from the Computational Wine Wheel in our previous research, we try to add additional attributes by utilizing a CATEGORY and SUBCATEGORY for an additional 14 and 34 continuous-attributes to be included in the All Bordeaux (14,349 wine) and the 1855 Bordeaux datasets (1359 wines). We believe successfully merging the original binary-attributes and the new continuous-attributes can provide more insights for Naïve Bayes and Supported Vector Machine (SVM) to build the model for a wine grade category prediction. The experimental results suggest that, for the All Bordeaux dataset, with the additional 14 attributes retrieved from CATEGORY, the Naïve Bayes classification algorithm was able to outperform the existing research results by increasing accuracy by 2.15%, precision by 8.72%, and the F-score by 1.48%. For the 1855 Bordeaux dataset, with the additional attributes retrieved from the CATEGORY and SUBCATEGORY, the SVM classification algorithm was able to outperform the existing research results by increasing accuracy by 5%, precision by 2.85%, recall by 5.56%, and the F-score by 4.07%. The improvements demonstrated in the research show that attributes retrieved from the CATEGORY and SUBCATEGORY has the power to provide more information to classifiers for superior model generation. The model build in this research can better distinguish outstanding and class 21st century Bordeaux wines. This paper provides new directions in Wineinformatics for technical research in data science, such as regression, multi-target, classification and domain specific research, including wine region terroir analysis, wine quality prediction, and weather impact examination.

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